Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation
http://www.archive.org/details/northcarolinatea1884rale
SIDNEY MICHAEL FINGER,
Democratic Candidate for State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Major Fikgee, of Newton, Catawba county, is a native of Lincoln uounty.
He was prepared for college at the Catawba High School, and gradvated
from Bowdoin College in 18(il. He entered the Confederate service, and in
18(i3 was appointed Chief Quartermaster of North Carolina, which position-
he filled till the end of the war. On the return of peace he assumed the
Associate Principalship of Cat.vwba High School. In 1874-75 he represented
(^.vi'AWBA in the House or Representatives of our General Assembly, and at
THE SESSIONS OF 1876-"77 AND 1880-'81. HE SERVED AS SENATOR FROM CaT.A.WBA AND
Lincoln counties. As C^hairman of the Committee on Education, in 187i;-'77,
he rendered v.yluable service in organizing our present system of public
instruction. He is an amiable, Christian gentleman and ripe scholar.
North Carolina State Uhm^
Raleigh, N. C
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, N. a, July, 1884. No. 1.
• R COUNTRY SCHOOL.
Pretty and pale and tired
She sits in her stiff-backed chair,
While the blazing summer sun
Shines on her soft brown hair,
And the little brook without,
That she hears through the open door.
Mocks with its murmur cool
Hard bench and dusty floor.
It seems an endless round —
Grammar and A, B, C ;
The blackboard and the sums ;
The stupid geography ;
When from teacher to little Jim
Not oue of them cares a straw
Whether "John" is in any "case,"
Or Kansas in Omaha.
For Jimmy's bare brown feet
Are aching to wade in the stream,
Where the trout to his luring bait
Shall leap with a quick, bright gleam;
And his teacher's blue eyes stray
To the flowers on the desk hard by.
Till her thoughts have followed her eyes
With a half unconscious siffh —
THE XOETH CAEOLrXA TEACHEK.
Her heart outruns the cloek^
And she smells their faint sweet scent ;
But when have time and heart
Their measure in unison blent?
For time will haste or lag,
Like your shadow on the grass,
That lingers far behind,
Or flies when you fain would pass.
Have patience, restless Jim,
The'stream and fish will wait;
And patience, tired blue e}'es —
Down tlie winding road by the gate^
Under the willow shade,.
St-auds some one with fresher fl.owers ;
So turn to your books again,
And keep love for the after hours.
[Foi- the North Cnvdiina Teaclier.]
WHAT TO DO ON FRIMY EVENINGS.
BY D. L. ELLIS, PRINCIPAL FALLING CREKK ACADEMY.
Most schools, both in cities and in the comitry, have a special
j)rogranvnie for Friday afternoon ; and it may be of some interest
to the readers of The Teacher to know what our progranune
is at Falling Creek Academy, since no two schot>ls woidd l>e likely
to have the same.
We will take the programme as it appears on the board:
1. Singing.
2. Declamations.
3. Readings and Recitations.
4. Essays, or Compositions.
5. Report of Critics.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 3
6. Eeport of Committees.
7. Giving of Scientific Questions.
8. Mental Arithmetic.
9. Geographical Questions.
10. Singing.
11. Dismission.
Now for a fc^v words of explanation. Under "Singing," of
course we do not mean the training in Vocal Music, which should
be a part of the course of study, but simply the spirited singing
of a pretty song. There is nothing that tends so thoroughly to
dispel gloom and sadness, and infuse the spirit of cheerfulness as
the sino-ino; of a 2'ood sono;. It draws attention to the work in
hand, so that the pupils are ready to go on with the work.
Declaiming is a point of much importance, and one too that
most teachers fail to give sufficient attention to (do not criticise us
for ending a sentence with a preposition — we are not giving an
exercise in Ehetoric).
The best plan is to give your deelaimers two weeks to prepare
their selections. This does not interfere with any school duties.
We always require the pupils to make their o^^al selections, and
report their choice, which, if not a proper one,- we of course
reject, causing the pupil to make another selection. When a suit-
able one has been found, the pupil is required to commit it to mem-
ory. Then comes the rehearsal, which takes place on Thursday
evenings, after the daily sessions. At this time all necessary direc-
tions, corrections, practice, &c., are to receive attention. The
selections should be rendered as well as the pupil can do it alone;
and then the teacher goes over, and makes corrections in the man-
ner of delivery, gesture, &c. It is surprising how much good
these rehearsals do the pupils. The readings and recitations are
rehearsed at the same time as the declamations. The girls, of
course, are given these t^^^'o parts. It is not best to let the selec-
tions for recitations always be poetry; for it gives a sing-song
tone to almost every pupil who recites it exclusively, no matter
how much you try to overcome it.
Whatever you do, do not use the term "Composition," or
"Essav." It is the buo-Vjear of school-life. The bare name is
4 THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
enough to cause an involuntary shudder to creep over a school.
Tell your pupils to bring in, next Monday morning, all they can
think of, Avritten on paper with ink, about " ^Vild Flowers," or
''Fishing," and they will write it without murmuring. We
allow one week's time to write on any subject, requiring all who
can write to do so. These papers are corrected, and given back
to the pupils, who, on the succeeding Friday evening, are required
to read them.
Three critics, two boys and one girl, are apjxjinted by the
teacher, every Friday. The business of these critics is to bring
uj), at the next Friday evening's exercise, all the errors and im-
proprieties in speech and manners, which they may have detected
during the week. Nothing personal is allowed. Each critic has
a little book and a pencil, to jot down errors at any time, and any-
where. He has the privilege of criticising the teacher as well as
pupils, and many times the teacher needs it as much as the pupils.
The good resulting from this is twofold ; it cultivates the habit
of observation and attention on the part of the critic, and causes
the pupils to try to avoid errors from fear of being criticised.
It has been found best in our school to have everything done
by committees. It saves the teacher a vast deal of unnecessary
work. For instance, wood has to be kept ready for the stoves ;
the rooms must be kept neat. A " wood committee " is apj)ointed
by the teacher, a "s^^'eeping committee" is also appointed. These
committees are instructed as to their duties, and are empowered
to enlist aid from any pupil to help in the work. Once a month
the chairman of each committee renders a ^vritten report, and at
the same time makes complaint, if any, of neglect of duty, &c.,
which the teacher will correct.
The pupils, usually three, are appointed every week to bring in
two scientific questions, which, if the pupils fail to answer — as
they most commonly do — the teacher gives the explanation.
One or two examples will suffice to illustrate. " AVhy is ]\Iarch
so much more windy than any other month?" " What causes the
red sunset?" These two were brought in recently by pupils of
the school, and answered by the teacher, as the scholars failed to
give the proper reasons.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 5
The teacher, of course, must be well iuformed iu the Physical
Scieuces, or he will fiud himself coruered by his little qnestiouers.
This is one of the very best ways to cultivate attention.
But of all tlie Friday evening programme, no one point is of
sucli interest and importance as Mental Arithmetic.
How it rivets the attention, and strengthens the minds of the
pupils !
You can almost hear their brain's work, as the pupils stand on
the tip-toe of expectation and attention, trying so hard to keep up.
It is surprising how soon even little children will follow the
most rapid combinations.
For examjjle : " Take 17 + 18 + 10, double it, subtract 1 5, add
50, extract f/, subtract 7, add 4, cube it, square it, subtract 14,
divide by 2, divide by 5, take 50 per cent, of it, add ^, add ^,
add ^, subtract 3, add 1, square and cube it." How many have
it? INIany little hands will be up, and the tongues answer with a
will, "one!" This is a very easy example.
The secret of success is variety and rapidity — the teacher
should give the examples just as fast as he can speak, combining
all the fundamental principles of Arithmetic.
The questions in Geography are selected by a committee, and
given to the school. If no one can go to the wall-map and point
out the place- named, all the pupils are required to refer to their
small maps, while the pupil who put the question tells them
where to look. Much interest may be excited in this way, by
studying the principal features of one continent for a series of
exercises.
The Friday evening exercises should always close by singing.
It puts the pupils into a pleasant frame of mind, and every one
feels happy, so that they will all be glad when Monday morning
comes again.
Perhaps other teachers will give us their experience in Friday
evening work. We have found that the above programme is
very pleasing to our pupils, and we believe that it is improving
as well.
6^ THE XORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHP:E.
TILKING TO YOUR SCHOLARS. '
The teacher's words should be fe^\', l^ut every word should
be like the head-light of the engine, illuminating the track over
which the pupil is to go. In looking into the' school-roonis, as
we do occasionally, we are impressed with the absence of this
direct head-light quality in the utterances of some teachers who
are working with all their might. They talk in a general, ran-
dom way, making their comments too diftuse. Other teachers
have the skill to make every word light up the way over which
the pupil is to pass. When we hear such a teacher we appreciate
the force of true teaching over a child's mind. Nothing is more
effective for good in this world than a teacher at her best, who
throws light radiantly in advance of her pupils' mental and emo-
tional life. — Amciicau Teacher.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
CSPT, JOHN E. DUGGER.
BY Ct. F. B., jr.
"The teachers in our State will be improved and incited to more
diligence by reading and knowing the li\'es of the educators, both
dead and living, who have impressed their thouglits, views, plans
and methods upon tlie generations with which they lived. All
lovers of their own profession delight in reading the historv of
those engaged in the same calling, and for them is this sketch of
Capt. John E. Dugger, of Warren County, noAv Superintendent
of Rocky Mount Graded School.
Capt. Dugger was born in 1836; was sent, A\heu seven years
old, to the Warrentou Academy, under Robert X. Ezzell, one of
the leading classical instructors of the past generation, and after
ten years drill in English, Latin, French, Greek and INIathematics
entered the University and graduated with the honors of his
class, in June, 1857. Being advised l)y Pr. INIitchell, of the
University (whom he loved as a father), to be a teacher, Capt.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 7
r)ng'ger pursued those studies that would fit him for his life's
work. Just before graduating, on the recommendation of Presi-
dent Swain, Capt. Dugger was offered a very flattering position
on the Illinois Central Railroad, then being built, but he preferred
to remain iu North Carolina. On being elected Principal of the
AVarrentou IMale Academy, over which for the fifty-three years
previous, the best classical teachers of the day had presided, he
accepted and took charge in January, 1858, where he remained
till called by his State, in 1861, to meet her enemies. Surrender-
ing with Joe Johnston iu April, 186.5, he returned to his home
iu AVarren and resumed his private classical school.
Seeing the great need, after the war, of some change in our
system of State education for the masses, he studied for years the
systems of other States aud other countries, and deemino; the
local graded plan, in conjunctiou wdth the district mixed school,
best suited to the present condition of our people, he mastered
that system as to every particular and miuutise. Through articles
in the State press the subject attracted attention, and on being
invited to Raleigh, in 1876, Capt. Dugger organized the first
regular systematized graded school in the State, with printed
course of study for each year, and directions as to every particu-
lar for each grade. It was a new departure, and, like everything
else iudicatiug progress and upheaval of old ways and ideas, met
with opposition. But knowing he was on the right road, and
all that was needed was for the people to come, see, learn, and
understand tlie workings of the system, he invited visitors of all
classes of society and courted criticisms from the leading educators
of our State. All our State officers, from Governor, our legisla-
tors, iudividualiy aud in a body, were cordially aud earnestly
invited to visit the school, which they did time and again, always
leaving astonished at what they sa^v and heard. Governor Vance
on his first visit to the school gladdened the heart of Capt. Dugger
by remarking to him, in the presence of the writer and several
legislators, that " this is the biggest thing in Raleigh, and if every
town would adopt this method, in ten years the whole system of
education would be revolutionized."
8 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
It has been the life-rule with Capt. Dagger to work for the
good and advancement of the youth of our State, and he has per-
mitted no obstacle to remain in his path, Avithout a persistent
effort to remove it, which has made him run counter often to
those in authority; but in every instance his ideas have been
adopted or evil results followed.
To show the reputation of his school and the confidence the
best teachers had in him, every principal of a graded school in
the State up to 1882 visited his school, and Rev. Dr. Mayo, a
leading educator of Boston, in 1881, at Metropolitan Hall, de-
clared Capt. Dugger to be the " liveliest, most wide-awake teacher
he had seen South of the Potomac River." Mr. Scarborough, our
present State Superintendent of Public Instruction, said to an
audience of three hundred teacliers at Chapel Hill Normal last
June, that the great boom in education that was revolutionizing
our system owed to no one man more than it did Capt. John E.
Dugger.
When the graded school was being discussed at Durham, its
friends, fearing the vote, invited Capt. Dugger to address the
citizens the day before the voting. He did so, and scarcely any
opposing votes were counted the next day. He ^vas County
Examiner for his native county, Warren, till the war; reappointed
at its close. Being a Trustee of the University, was one of the
eleven Trustees who met in Raleigh in 1874 to resuscitate our
dead State school, which is now the head of our public school
system.
Capt. Dugger's efforts have not been confined or restricted to one
special class of schools. He has taught in High School, male ;
Private School, female; Public Common School, mixed; Graded
School, mixed ; and every year until the present at the Chapel
Hill Normal School — of whicli latter he has been secretarv since its
organization — and the satisfaction he has given has been acknowl-
edged by President Battle in his annual reports, and by the esteem
and affection in which he is held by all who have attended that
Normal. He was always selected one of the Examiners for State
Teacher's Certificate, and every applicant, whether successful or
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 9
not, invariably commended Capt. Dagger for his fairness and
courtesy, especially to the ladies.
He was County Examiner of Wake till the duties of the office
interfered with his superintending his graded school as he wished.
In all his various and perplexing positions, from entering college
in 1853 to the present, Capt.* Dugger has stood up to duty, never
flao-oinp- or considering whether he hurt friend or foe. He has
studied the subject — education and State system — longer and more
atteuti\'ely and diligently than any other man in North Carolina,
and has decided, settled and practicable plans and ideas which
were introduced in the Raleigh school and have thence permeated
our State.
President Battle says Capt. Dugger was the first classical teacher
in the State to give him real help in his Normals, to take hold in
anything and at any time.
The State Board of Education has honored Capt. Dugger in
making him Superintendent of the Franklin Normal School for
this season, and his intense earnestness and enthusiasm, added to
thorough competency, has made even the first week of the Normal
more successful than ever before.
Such has been the career of the subject of our sketch — a close
student, brave soldier, faithful teacher, successful organizer, strict
disciplinarian and father of the school system which will event-
ually be in every county of the State.
TO THE GIRLS IND BOYS.
We wdll send a box of fine stationery to the first boy and the
first girl, under fifteen years of age, who will furnish us a correct
solution to the following mathematical question. The example "
must be solved without assistance from any other person :
"A certain man died, leaving a will which provided that, if at
his death he should have only a sou, the son should receive two-
thirds of his estate and the wido^^' one-third ; but if he should
10 THE XOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
leave only a daughter, the widow should receive two-thirds and
the daughter one-third. It happened, however, that he left both
a son and a daugther, by which, in equity, the ^'idow received
$2,400 less than she would have had if there_had been only a
daughter. How much would she have received if there had been
only a son?"
Send your analysis in full, and the first correct one received
will be published in the next Teacher.
TEICHING, S PROFESSION.
William Ross, in the Seneca Falls JReveille, says : " Our com-
mon schools can never be what they ought to be as long as teach-
ing is made a teixiporary business. It is resorted to as a stepping-
stone to something else, or by those who have failed in other call-
ings. But a very few engage in teaching because they love it.
What is the reason so few make it a business for a number of
years, or for life? There are many reasons. The most promi-
nent one is : tlie compensation for teachers' services is generally
so small, compared to other business, that few" young men of talent
will engage in it for any length of time. The legislature may
legislate for common schools year after year, and establish a nor-
mal school in every county in the State, but it never will avail
much until the good people of this State open their purses, and
pay well qualified teachers for their services. It is contrary to
the nature of things to think that young men or women of good
talents will qualify themselves well for the business of teaching
for the mere pittance that the great majority of districts pay teach-
ers in this State. There are many persons who argue that good
teachers will teach for the mere love of the business, or for the
mere love of doing good to others, regardless of the pav for their
services. There are but a very few good teachers who M'ill teach
school for the sake of doing good to others without being well
paid for it. It is so among what are called the learned profes-
sions. No one Avonld qualify himself ^vell for the ministrv, to
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 11
practice medicine or law if he was not sure of gaining distinction,
and to be well paid for his services."
[This is another argument in favor of a State Normal School
with a ten-months' term for the special and thorough training of
teachers. School committees will not pay teachers fifteen dollars
per week when they can get them for eight dollars, even though
the latter ones may have no experience. There will always be
cheap teachers until the State requires some preparation and train-
ing on the part of a teacher before entering the profession. If
the State will raise the standard of the teacher, grant a diploma
and license to teach only upon proficiency, let such a license be in
full effect throughout the State for all time and pay the teacher
well for his services, education will be greatly strengthened in
IS^orth Carolina, and our pupils will be lastingly grateful to the
legislature that establishes this system. — Ed.]
EFFECTS OF EDUCATION IN SUPPRESSING CRIME,
by washington catlett, principal cape fear academy.
[concluded.]
Again the Star speaks of educated burglars being more skill-
ful aud more effective in their villainy than the awkward, illiterate
burglar. Even here education is made to suffer. What an unfair
argument to use against education ! Apply it to religion.
A man from his j-outh is astute, apt, aud cunning; he gathers
his learning from the great world around him, or he has had, per-
haps, a college education; because his lot has been thrown under
vicious influences he is, with a college education, a more effectual
rascal, ergo, a man must not have a college education, for it can-
not save him. It will make him an accomplished rascal. The
study of the great and good masters, the mental training of
mathematics, aud the philosophy of language, and the great law
of nature Avill not refine him, will not make him conscious of his
12 THE Is^OETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
sublime creation and g-rand ultimatum, will not inspire his soul
with a longing which will stifle the rank weeds of vicious ten-
dencies : this mental discipline will not bring under control the
baser passions, and therefore, we need not expect of education any
assistance in reforming the world. It was not a handmaid to
bring about the Reformation. The masses should be remanded
back to the condition of early times when the clergy alone lorded
it over the masses, being better informed. Our great republic
should have her citizens, oh! selfish thought, shackled by the
cruel bonds of ignorance, for fear they will become greater ras-
cals, and not greater patriots. Such, my fellow-teachers, is the
argument which several neicspapers of our State offer to you as a
guide to your action with regard to this great question of popular
education.
How can a lover of education, a progressive mind, yield to such
sophistry !
But I do not hesitate to state that there are more illiterate
burglars than burglars who have had college education, which
would render them more consummate rascals. When the Sun of
education had not arisen over benighted Europe, the lordly barons
gloried in piracy and the arts of the free-booters, and infant edu-
cation crawled over the cells of the pious monks.
But further, the country is rife with embezzlements in high life,
among educated people. These are the only parties who have
an opportunity to embezzle; for money is not often entrusted to
the illiterate. Make up your statistics here; this would be a
splendid argument for the Star. It could show that fifty times-
more embezzlements occur among the educated than among the
illiterate. Oh; the infallibility of statistics! Are there no em-
bezzlers amongst the professors of religion ?
If one is a tremendous failure to restrain crime, so is the other.
I cannot admit either.
Again, men wdio have not even professed religion, yea who
have disowned it, have led highly moral, respectable and profita-
ble lives.
I cite this merely to show the utter unreasonableness of the
Staves argument against education. I could thus prove by soph-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 13
hh'v that a man can live Avithout religion. I do not admit it,
however.
Hume was a man of rare intellectual ability. He possessed a
splendid mind, yet he was an unbeliever, with no dogmatic relig-
ious restraint, but his life was of spotless integrity, a good citizen,
with a kind and charitable disposition.
Thomas Jefferson was possessed of high intellectual forces, yet
his religious tenets were not sound. He wns a great patriot, a
lover of his race, a big heart, a Democrat of Democrats, careful
of the people's rights, and the founder of a university.
Even our illustrious Cornelius Harnett, so far as I- can gather
from the epitaph upon his tombstone in Wilmington, which reads
thus :
"A slave to no sect, he took no private road,
But looked thro' Nature up to Nature's God,"
bears evidence of an extraordinary intellect without dogmatic
religion, and yet he was a patriot of the first stamp, and to be a
patriot includes all.
Darwin, Tyndal, and Herbert Spencer are intellectual giants
with questionable religious views, but they are men of exemplary
lives, and of unimpeachable integrity.
Suppose we should use the Star's style of argument, what con-
clusion would we reach ? That education can do as much as relig-
ion? jSFot so. All of these men were, so far as the Star is con-
cerned, perfect. They did their duty to their country. Without
education they could not be what they are now, and yet, without
religion, they are such citizens as would make a good community.
Education has done it all with them.
I must now close with what really induced me to write this
article :
AVe Avho are teachers, can truly appreciate what is done by
education. If the result is not all that is hoped for, we must
keep on filling in; the rocks will rise to the surface after awhile,
and the dam will have been built to stem the torrent of illiteracy.
I heartily concur with the Star in its opposition to Federal inter-
ference with States' Rights. All this is commendable. But edu-
14 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
cation is not a failure. It is doing more now than ever before.
The Star seems to question the fact that education is necessary
to elevate the masses.
Daniel Webster said, "The intelligence of the people is the
security of the nation."
Victor Hugo says, "The only social peril is darkness," and
Dr. Johnson thought that, " Ignorance, when it is voluntary, is
criminal ; and he may properly be charged witli evil who refuses
to learn how he might prevent it," and, I might add, so
is he who seeks to prevent the spread of education among the
masses.
It is undemocratic, because it prevents the people being prop-
erly prepared to meet intelligently the issues upon which they are
called to exercise their judgment.
It tends to oligarchy and aristocracy, because it gives to a
favored few the benefits of all direction of affairs, forbidding the
masses to have an opportunity of fitting themselves to fill these
places; and with selfish complacency it condemns to everlasting-
darkness of illiteracy the helpless people.
Education is too much like religion for this. " It fiilleth like
the blessed rain from heaven," it decreaseth' not, though it be
given to others, yea, it rather increaseth.
To oppose the education of the masses is non-progessive, for it
oifers an obstacle to that beautiful harmony of nature, which
to that ideal unity of aifairs by which man becomes a superior
being, a being fiirther removed from the brute creation.
It is unpractical ; for when the masses are sent to school they
are subjected to a salutary control which illiterate parents know
not how to exercise. They acquire good habits of punctuality,
order, system and industry. With developing minds they think
more of themselves; being elevated, they cease to be young
vagrants; they are taught to make themselves useful.
Although some may be hopelessly vicious, it is not the lault of
education nor of religion.
^ AVhatever is met with in them so far, is not to be used against
them in argument. They have not had a fair trial. So few have
come under the influence of education.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 15
Statistics are so conclusive to form an argument upon.
But I must not stop liere to argue this side of the question,
which is full of education.
I do not think the masses at present should be educated to the
fullest extent.
The mere rudiments at first; the rest will come in due season.
An educational upheaval is brewing all over the land. No
statistics will prevent it. " Let patience have her perfect work."
I look for the day when all men will drink of the fountains of
Parnassus.
This so-called practical age, ruled principally by the half-edu-
cated, who are in the majority, is destroying everything of a higher
order of mental culture. With them, man must be a machine.
It it indeed piteous. The light of education is like God's beauti-
ful sun, by which all can be illumed without stint.
It will make man, the masses, more liberal, more unselfish,
nobler in every respect. It is the duty of every man to educate
his children.
If he be unable, then, as a piece of political economy, the State
should place within their reach the advantages of a rudimentary
education. For those especially bright minds scholarships should
be founded at higher institutions of learning. We may then
hope this country to become as Iceland, a land of no illiterates ;
and, with the aid of religion, a land of fewer crimes. Nothing
will ever stamp out crime entirely.
Then statistics do not prove positively what they seem to.
If education is a tremendous failure, so is religion.
There are cases where men have been highly educated, but not
religious, and thoroughly honorable, respectable and eminent.
A democratic government requires the masses to be educated
in the rudiments at least.
The schools teach the masses order, system, and industry; and
keep them from vagrancy.
Federal aid, properly expended without interference with the
sovereignty of States, is certainly just. If inconsistent, then the
States must educate their masses and not complain.
16 THE NORTH CAEOLINA TEACHER.
Hoping that these thoughts may meet with the approval of our
profession, and that we may not feel that our -s^'ork is a " tremen-
dous failure " (for Heaven knows we have enough to dishearten
us by outsiders), I can say to my fellow-teachers, let us struggle
on, and when vice becomes rampant, and the schools are closed,
we will gracefully retire, religion with us, and let the all-power-
ful Press bring peace and harmony out of the chaos we liave
failed to prevent.
1 FE¥ THINGS TO DO OR NOT TO DO IN SCHOOL.
1. Begin as you propose to continue.
2. Make few rules. Let them be framed as the need for them
appears.
3. Enforce a rule or abolish it.
4. Make few promises, and fulfill such as you make.
5. Do not scold. Scolding never reformed a pupil.
6. Do not fret. Do what you can as well as you can, and let
the remainder go undone.
7. Do not take your school troubles to meals or to bed with
you. They form a bad diet, and are restless bedfellows.
8. Be vigilant in little things. Offences of a trifling nature
are offences worthy of check.
9. Remember that it is the certainty of punishment more than
the severity that restrains the disobedient.
10. Be neat and prompt. You may then require these habits
of others.
11. Be sure to recognize the good qualities in your pupils, as
certainly as you do their fiults. More boys are led than driven.
12. Teach truth, right and kindness. Thev are more than
Arithmetic and Geography. — Exchange.
isjprth Carolina State U&fsr
Raleigh, N. C
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 17
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
TEICHING SPELLING,
BY G. T. MEWBORN, SNOW HILL, N. C.
The following will be found, upon trial, to be a good method
of teaching spelling :
In the first place, small lessons should be given to students to
learn, so that every word may be thoroughly memorized by all
the class. In giving large lessons, very often the difficult and
most useful words are not learned.
2d. Every student of the class should be required to write sen-
tences (on paper or slate), using one or more of the words of the
lesson in each sentence until all the words of the lesson have
been used. The teacher will find that the pupils will learn not
merely the definitions of the words, but also how to use the words
in speaking and writing.
3d. In writing the words of the lesson the students should
separate the syllables, accent the accented syllables, and mark the
vowels of the accented syllables. The students will learn the
syllabication of the words, the accent of the right syllables, and
correct pronunciation.
4th. In recitation the teacher should choose a portion of the
class to write sentences on the blackboard, having each sentence
to contain a word of the lesson selected by him. If there be any
mistakes the teacher should make corrections and give the neces-
sary instructions on the lesson.
A little variation every few days, so as to keep the pupils inter-
ested, will be profitable.
In connection with the above the teacher should teach the
general rules of spelling, taking each one separately, and continu-
ing it until thoroughly learned and practiced by the class.
This has been practiced with success by the writer, and he will
not say that it is the best, but a good way of teaching spelling.
18 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
DO YOUR BEST.
Do your best, your very best.
And do it every day;
Little boys and little girls,
That is the wisest way.
What ever work comes to your hand.
At home, or at school,
Do your best w^ith right good will —
It is a golden rule.
For he who always does his best,
His best will better grow ;
But he who shirks or slights his task.
Pie lets the better go.
What if your lessons should be hard?
You need not yield to sorrow.
For he who bravely works to-day.
His tasks grow bright to-morrow.
— Exchange.
"THROUGH THE CENTRE OF THE EIRTH."
In the January number of The Teacher appeared an article
with the above heading, by Prof. George O. Mitchell, of Peace
Institute, and several of our ablest mathematicians in the State
held different views concerning the theory advanced. In the
New York SeJiool Journal of May 24, we find the same question
stated and a theory given by Professor E. W. Anderson, of New
York, and we publish the article as a matter of interest to those
who have been giving this question some thought :
''Suppose a hole to be cut through the earth and a ball dropped
into this hole, what would be the behavior of the ball, and \vhere
would it come to rest, and how ?
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 19
I hold that it ^vould come to rest at the centre : that it would
never pass the centre of the earth. It is an established law that
momentum is equal to weight multiplied by velocity — that is,
M=WxV. According to the Newtonian theory, nothing has
Aveight at the centre of the earth, because the attraction is equal
in all directions. If this be true, when the ball reaches the cen-
tre its weight is equal to zero. Then our equation becomes
M= V X 0=zero — that is, the ball has no momentum and cannot
have velocity because it has no weight, and will, therefore, never
pass the centre at all, but will descend with retarded motion to
the centre, where it will stop."
The above accords with Prof. Mitchell's proposition and views.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
EDUCITION AND TEMPERSNCE.
BY S. M. STONE, WAKE FOREST, N. C.
After being retired on the farm twenty-five years (two years of ,
Avar excepted), I find it rather hard to bring courage up to the
point of writing for The North Carolina Teacher, which is
read by the educated of the land. But then I remember a vow
made in the ditches of noble, grand old Virginia, with patriotic
brave men, who could not read a letter or write one to their dear
ones, to give some time in support of education and temperance.
The subject has, of late, taken a broad and penetrating turn in
North Carolina, and I must return thanks to a few of the earnest
workers. First to Alfred Williams & Co., for their beneficent
work and push, and then to J. C. Scarborough, T. H. Pritchard,
Robert Bingham, S. Hassell, W. B. Royal, P. C. Cameron, and
at least one hundred others.
Education without sound morality is like going to war without
a gun, or cultivating the farm without a team. Very short lec-
tures on temperance in every school in the State, once or twice
20 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
each term by the teachei', would fasten on the memory of the young;
and grow up with them, making the next a sober, educated gen-
eration. The hope of temperance reformation lies in the young,
not those who are now drinking. The teacher, next to the
mother, helps to mould character. I remember the old AYash-
ingtonian temperance pledge of 1840, then a youth. There is no
mistaking the fact that memories of the school-room run through
a long life, and as there is need of educating a drunkard, careful
training of the young in morals, in temperance, in all that makes
a gentleman, is necessary in the school-room, for one will not
take such training after he has left school.
I did live through the war (though left a cripple), have lived
through the fifteen years of dull mortality after the war, and the
last five years of general awakening to the cause of education,
such as the writer has never witnessed. Would like to put on
two breaks : one of temperance, the other of compulsory education.
Then our progression would be safe; it would be encouraging.
OUR SUMMER NORMAL SCHOOLS.
CHAPEL HILL.
The University' N^ormal School, under the wise and excellent
management of one of North Carolina's fiivorite educators, Prof.
J. L. Tomlinson, is doing most admirable work in every depart-
ment. The attendance is good and every teacher seems devoted
to the work and determined to take every advantage of the
opportunity for improvement. All the exercises are conducted
in the Chapel, and this is much better than the old plan of sepa-
rate " sections." We thought, on our first visit to the Normal
several years ago, that the success would be much greater if all
the work were done in one place and the entire Normal present
at each exercise. There is nothing like close contact for awaken-
ing enthusiasm, and "enthusiasm is the great essential of success."
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 21
The students are remaining at the school for a longer time this
session, and this indicates great earnestness on the part of the
students. Prof. Tomlinson and the entire faculty of the Normal
are to be congratulated ou the successful work of the school.
WILSON.
Prof. Sylvester Hassell, the Superintendent, has given his very
best eiforts to the school, and his labor has not been in vain, for
it is said that this session of the Normal has been better in every
way than ever before. The term was a short one, only about
three weeks, but the work made up in quality what it lacked in
quantity, and all are Avell pleased at the fine results accomplished.
Two hundred and ten pupils were enrolled, representing twenty-
three counties.
FRANKLIN.
Capt. John E. Dugger is one of the livest and most progres-
sive teachers in North Carolina, and his schools are always suc-
cessful. The wisdom of his appointment as Superintendent of
the Franklin Normal is already seen in the large attendance,
intense enthusiasm and splendid work. His faculty is a good
one and each member has the earnestness of the Superintendent.
ELIZABETH CITY.
The citizens of the community have been actively assisting the
Superintendent of the Normal School, Prof. S. L. Sheep, in work-
ing up a good attendance, and their eiforts -have succeeded in
brina-ins; a o-reater number into the school than ever before. The
work is well arranged and in the hands of first-class instructors,
and every teacher is w^ll pleased Avith the school. Special success
is attending the excellent work of Prof. Houck and Mrs.
Mahoney.
NEWTON.
Prof. M. C. S. Noble, who has made such a fine reputation
for the Wilmington Public Schools, is Superintendent of this
Normal, with a splendid faculty, composed almost entirely of
North Carolina teachers. More than a hundred teachers are in
attendance, representing eighteen counties and four States, and all
22 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
are doing their best towards making the Normal work of the
greatest value to one another. The "model classes" taught by
Misses Cook and Yarborough are of special interest. Several
admirable lectures have been delivered by the most prominent
of North Carolina educators.
FIRST DM'S ¥ORK IN SCHOOL.
Do you know that much of the success of your school during
this term will depeudupon your management, on the ''first day"
of opening? But few North Carolina teachers realize the full
importance of the first day's work in school. ' Be sure that you
make a good start and you will not lose this advantage during the
entire session. A "bad beginning" will not have a "good end-
ing," for you will never be able to obtain success and control in your
school, if started in an unfavorable and confused manner. We offer
the following hints as to your " first day's work," which are worth
considering: 1. Meet your pupils pleasantly, with a hearty shake
of the hand. 2. A¥elcome them kindly to "our nice school-
room." 3. Make them all accpiaiuted with one another at once.
4. Tell them that you are glad to see them and " hope we will all
enjoy our school term very much." 5. Have a bright, cheerful
song in which all can join. 6. Assist each pupil in selecting a
desk. 7. Make your examinations quickly and thoroughly, clas-
sifying the Avhole school at once. 8. Be enthusiastic in all things
and the pupils will be wide-awake. 9. Let your first great effort
be to make a good impression. 10. INIake the children all love
you and thus you obtain thorough control of your school. 11.
Give special friendly attention to the boys who are known to be
"bad and unruly," and thus disarm them. 12. Have every child
at work within twenty minutes after your school in opened. 13.
Send the smallest ones to the blackboard and have them make
letters until you can further attend to them. 14. Keep in per-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 23
feet good humor aud dou't forget that this "first day's work"
will either repel your pupils from you or else attract them so
close to you iu love and confidence that through the whole term
you can control them by simply a w^ord or a look.
In order that you may begin the first day's work properly it
will be necessary for you to make a visit to the school-room before
the opening day to see that everything is in good order for work.
The windows must be ^s^ashed and made to move easily up or
down ; blackboards may need a new coat of slating, or the chalk-
box is empty and the rubbers are gone ; the stove is to be brushed
and the floor swept ; the whole room and furniture are to be care-
fully dusted several times and the ink-w^ells are to be filled. All
these details must be attended to before the pupils begin to come
in, or the first impression of the school and teacher will be unfa-
vorable. During recess it will be well for you to have an eye to
the play-ground, to see that all is arranged in a way that will
afford most enjoyment to the pupils. Close the day's work with
a sparkling song and a few cheerful words of encouragement,
adding special admonition to be prompt on the morrow, and your
teaching will be more successful and pleasant than ever before.
NE¥S FROM THE COUNTIES.
Franklin. — This county has forty-three white districts and
thirty-seven colored. During the present school year eighteen
white schools have been taught, with an average attendance of
eighteen. The average length of term is ten weeks ; average sal-
ary of teachers, $26.00. Twenty-five colored schools have been in
session, with an average attendance of twenty-six ; average length
of term, nine weeks; average teacher's salary, $28.16.
I hope that every teacher in Franklin county, and every one
in the State, who is not already a subscriber to The North
Carolina Teacher will be at an early day, and that all who
24 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
feel auy iuterest in education will give to it that hearty support
and encouragement which it so richly merits.
Chowan. — The schools in this county have closed their exer-
cises for the scholastic year.
In the county there are fourteen white districts, nine colored ;
sixteen schools for whites, twelve for colored; seventeen white
teachers and eighteen colored teachers are employed.
The white school in Edenton continued seven months with two
teachers; the colored school continued five months with five
teachers. This school has an enrollment of three hundred pupils,
with a daily average of more than two hundred, and is probably
one of the best colored public schools in the State.
The school population of the county is 1,200 whites, 1,300
colored; the county being small (only 210 square miles), the
entire population is within one mile and a half of a school-house,
No school continues a shorter term than four months — hence all
are permitted, if they will, to obtain a good common school
education.
Each year since the passage of the law authorizing the appro-
priation for Institutes, one for the white and one for the colored
teachers has been held in Edenton. This has been of great values
and the teachers are well trained.
The Institute for the white teachers will begin July 14. Prof.
F. N. Skinner, of LaGrange Collegiate Institute, will conduct the
exercises.
That for the colored will begin August 4th.
Pasquotank. — Prof. S. L. Sheep, County Superintendent, is
doing a good work by calling his committeemen together and
instructing them in their duties. The necessity of employing
none but good teachers ; the building and furnishing good school
houses ; of having the schools taught in one continuous session ;
the importance of taking an accurate census of the children, are
the subjects he treats — and these lie at the ver}^ foundation of a
successful school system.
THE NORTH CAROIJNA TP^ACHER. 25
Sampsox. — jNIr. I.sliani Royall, iu returning thanks for his
re-election as Superintendent of Public Instruction, says :
"The efforts heretofore made bv me to elevate the standard of
education and place better teacliers in the schools will not be
abated, but all my energies will be exerted in placing good teachers
in all the schools. There is a great increase in the number of
second and first grade teachers, and a greater demand for first
grade teachers than there was a year ago, and iu addition to this
many of the districts are building up good private schools, and
tluis lengthening the term to five or teu^mouths in the year."
Wake. — During the past two years Mr. Eugene T. Jones, the
County Superintendent, has been doing much toward improving
his schools and teachers. The county showed its appreciation of
his faithful work by giving a large majority vote in re-electing
him to the position of County Superintendent, thus heartily
endorsing his excellent administration. The Institute for colored
teachers \vhich IMr. Jones held a few days ago was the most
successful ever held iu the county ; very largely attended and full
of efficient and practical work. The ensuing year promises well
for the country public schools of the county, and it is expected
that more children will be in the schools than ever before. The
county has been carefully looking after its country schools, and
nearly every district has a new and comfortable school-house.
This is also the case with the colored schools of Raleigh, but the
Centennial Graded School for white children is not so fortunate.
The building is iu very bad condition, being so dilapidated that it
is scarcely safe for occupancy. The city declines to take any steps
toward repairs, and the Graded School fund seems scarcely suffi-
cient for meeting the ordinary expenses of a nine mouths' term,
therefore a rickety building and a short fund appear to be the
lot of the white public school children of Raleigh for the present.
Teach a frill, round, plain handwriting that people can read,
rather than a fine, small, (hi'nifij one.
26 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
SCHOOL OPENINGS.
The University opens fall term September 3d.
Kinston Graded School will open August 25th.
Homer's School at Oxford will oj>en July 28th.
Wake Forest College opens fall session September 1st.
Davidson College opens its fortieth session September 11th.
The Goldsboro Graded School will resume work September 8th,
Vine Hill Academy, Scotland Neck, oj>ens fall term Sept. 1st.
Ji-r. J. H. MilW School for boys, at Thomasville, will open
July 21st.
Moravian Falls Academy, Rev. G. W. Greene^ Principal, opens
July 30th.
Oxford Female Seminary, F. P. Hobgood, President, will open
August 27th.
Eagle Rock Academy, Mr. J. R. Hicks, Principal, opens fall
term July 21st.
Prof. George's School, at Cross Roads, Yadkin county, will
open July 28th.
Gaston High School, Rev. M. L. Little, Principal, will resume
work July 28th.
Globe Baptist Academy, Prof. R. L, Patton, Principal, will
open August 4th.
Rutherford College, Rev. R. L. Abeniethy, President, resumes
work August 6th.
Anson Institute at Wadesboro, Prof D. A. ISIcGregor, will
open September 1st.
Reidsville Female Seminary, Miss Annie L. Hughes, Principal,
resumes August 4th.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 27
Sehna Academy, Prof. H, L. Smith, Principal, resumes work
September 1st.
Mi: Wm. S. Barnes will open his High School for boys at
Wilson September 1st.
Davis School, at LaGrauge, Capt. A. C. Davis, Principal,
opens September 4th.
Kmsto7i College, Dr. R. H. Lewis, President, begins its fall
session September 1st.
Charlotte Female Institute, Rev. W. R. Atkinson, Principal,
begins September 10th.
Ashpole Institute, Robeson county, Rev. S. Ivey, Principal,
will re-open July 27th.
Peace Institute, Rev. R. Burwell & Sons, Principals, begins
fall term September c5cl.
Trinity College, Rev. M. L. Wood, D. D., President, begins
its fall term August 20th.
Davenport Female College, Lenoir, Prof. Will H. Sanborn,
President, opens October 1st.
Sauls' Cross Roads Academy, Prof. J. B. Williams, Principal,
will re-open about August 1st.
Shelby High School, Palemon J, King, A. M., Principal, will
•open its fall term August 18th.
Nahunta AcaAemy, Wayne county. Prof. J. H. Moore, will
begin its fall session August 5th.
Bakersville High School, J. C. Bowman, Principal, opened
June 5th for a five months' term.
Durham Graded and High School, Prof. E. W. Kenneday,
Superintendent, opens 15th September.
3Iisses JVash and 3Iiss Kollock's Select Boarding and Day
School will resume exercises August 1st.
28 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
Rocky Elver Springs Academy will ojxin July 7th, under ]Mr.
W. W. Hursey, at Ford, Stanly county.
Reynoldson Mcde Institute, Grates county, T. E. Waif, Principal,
will begin its fall session September 8th.
Pittsboro Scientific Academy, Capt. C. B. Denson, Principal,
will begin its twentieth session July 14th.
3ft. Pleasant Academy, near Gibsonville, opens its fall term Au-
gust 4th. Mr. G. W. Gooch is Principal.
Williamson Academy, ' under the priucipalship of Rev. Oscar
Hightower, opens next term September 1st.
Union Academy, Lambsville, Chatham county, E. J. Powell,
Principal, begins its fourth session July 14th.
Greensboro Female College, Rev. T. M. Jones, D. D., President,
will begin its fifty-seventh session August 20tli.
Warsaw High School, Messrs. W. jNI. and David S. Kennedy,
Principals, will open the fall session August 7th.
T. J. & W. D. Horner''s Classical, Mathematical and Com-
mercial School at Henderson will open July 28th.
Thomasville Female College, Prof. H. W. Reinhart and Rev.
J. N. Stallings, Principals, will re-open August 26tli.
Wesleyan Female College, Murfreesboro, E. E. Parham, A. 'SL,
President, will begin its next session September 24th.
Bethel Academy, Madra, Anson county, will resume under the
priucipalship of Mr. J. C. Hines on the 14th of July.
Ccury High School, Wake county, W. L. Crocker and ^y. B.
Bagwell, Principals, will begin its fall session August 4th.
Pleasant Lodge Academy, T. M. Robertson, Principal, will
open its fall session at liiberty, Randolph county, August oth.
St. Mary's School, Raleigh, Rev. Bennett Smedes, Rector,
begins its eighty-seventh semi-annual session September 11th.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 29
Bingham^s School, Mebaueville, Maj. Robert Bingham, Prin-
cipal, begins its one lumdred and eighty-first session July 30th.
The Southern Normal School, at Lexington, Rev. S. H. Thomp-
son and L. E. Duncan, Principals, opens its fall term Aug. 18th.
Wal-e Forest Academy, with L. W. Bagley, A. B., as Principal
and C. L. Brewer as assistsut, begins its fall term August 25th.
Pigeon Yalley High School, Haywood county. Prof. D. M.
Luther having been unanimously elected Principal, will open
July 15th.
Mount Vernon Springs Academy, Chatham county, Messrs.
Edwards, Johnson and Jones, Principals, will begin its next ses-
sion the first Tuesday in August.
Z^nion Academy, Winslow, Harnett county. Prof. J. A. Camp-
bell, Principal, will resume, with six teachers, July 28th; vocal
and instrumental music, calisthenics and penmanship free.
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS.
Royalty. — Out of twenty-five hundred and forty emperors
and kings ruling sixty nations, two hundred and twenty-nine
were dethroned, sixty-four abdicated, twenty committed suicide,
eleven Avent mad, one hundred died on the battle field, one hun-
dred and twenty-three w^ere made prisoners, twenty-five wei'e
pronounced martyrs and saints, one hundred and fifty-seven were
assassinated, sixty-two were poisoned, and one hundred and eight
sentenced to death ; total, nine hundred and sixty-three.
Not Sorry. — You Avill not be sorry
For hearing before judging;
For thinking before speaking ;
For holding an angry tongue ;
For stopping the ear of a tale-bearer;
For disbelieving most of the ill reports;
30 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
For being kind to the distressed ;
For being patient toward everybody ;
For doing good to all men ;
For asking pardon of all wrongs ;
For speaking evil of no one ;
For being courteous to all.
" Witness My Hand and Seal." — A thousand years ago
the masses, the nobility, the i30or and the rich, were wholly un-
acquainted with the mysteries of the alphabet and the pen. A
few men known as clerks, who generally belonged to the priest-
hood, monopolized them as a special class of artists. They taught
their business only to their seminaries, apprentices; and beyond
themselves and their few pupils, no one knew how to read and
write, nor was it expected of the generality, any more than it
would be nowa^lays that everybody should be a shoemaker or a
lawyer. Kings did not even know how to sign their names, so
that when they wanted to subscribe to a written contract, law or
treaty, which some clerk had drawn up for them they would
smear their right hand with ink, and slap it down upon the parch-
ment, saying "witness my hand." At a later date some genius
devised the substitute of a seal, which was impressed instead of
the hand. Every gentleman had a seal with a peculiar device
thereon. Hence the sacramental words now in use, "witness my
hand and seal," affixed to modern deeds, serves at least the pur-
pose of reminding us of the Middle Ages.
NE¥S IND NOTES,
All the teachers of the Wilmington Graded Schools have
been re-elected.
Statesville, the enterprising city of tlie Piedmont, votes foi-
a graded school.
The Farmington (Davie County), Male and Female Col-
lege, is to be enlarged.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 31
Prof, M. C. S. Noble has been re-elected Superintendent of
the Wihnington schools.
As WE WRITE, two of our principal colleges, Wake Forest and
Davidson, are without a President.
The prosperous town of Hickory, not content with three
flourishing high schools, wants a graded school.
Reidsville, Rockingham county, has voted in favor of a
graded school at that place. Hurrah for Reidsville !
The University of North Carolina has conferred the
degree of D. D. on Rev. N. Colin Hughes, of Chocowinity.
Over two thousand dollars have been subscribed towards the
erection of a brick building for the Graded School at Kinston.
Rev. D. Matt. Thompson, County Superintendent of Lin-
coln, will hold an Institute on August 15th, with an able corps
of assistants.
Rev. M. L. Wood, President of Trinity College, has had the
degree of T>. D. conferred on him by both the University and
Rutherford College.
Kernersville High School, S. C. Lindsay, Principal, had
over one hundred pupils last session ; will have three departments
— Academic, Business and Music.
Rev. M. L. Little, Principal of Gaston High School, is pre-
paring to build a large three-story school building, 40x100 feet,
for the accommodation of his school.
Chatham County Institute will be held by Rev. P. R.
Law, the County Superintendent, at Pittsboro, on July 28th.
Several prominent speakers are expected to be present.
We welcome back to his native State Prof. Eugene C. Bran-
son, late of Murfreesboro, Tenn., who has been elected Superin-
tendent of the Wilson Graded School. We know him well as
an instructor, and feel satisfied that the Trustees of Wilson have
made a wise selection.
32 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Guilford County Institute for white teachers will opeD
July 21st; and for colored teachers, on August 11th. Mr. J. R.
Wharton, the County Superintendent, expects many to attend,
Davidson College, we are pleased to learn, has added twelve
thousand dollars to its endowment fund during the past few
months. The Trustees report the college in good financial con-
dition.
The friends of Kiuston College have subscribed tM^elve hun-
dred and fifty dollars, and the amount will no doubt be much
increased, to buy scientific apparatus. Their aim is to make it
one of the first colleges in the State.
Chow^an Baptist Female Institute at Murfreesboro, Prof.
J. B. Brewer, Principal, expects to invest one thousand dollars in
chemical and philosophical apparatus, and build a two-story
chapel and recitation-rooms at an early day.
It is whispered that the principal of one of our most prominent
North Carolina schools, is to be married sometime in August.
The bride is also a teacher in one of our leading graded schools. '
The Teacher's best washes ever be with them.
Mr. B. F. Grady, Jr., the efficient Superintendent of Public
Instruction for Duplin County, will hold an Institute for the
white teachers at Duplin Roads, beginning on Monday, July 21st,
and the other at Ivenansville, beginning on July 28th.
The teachers of North Carolina are cordially invited to attend
the session of the State Normal Institute of Soutli Carolina,
which begins in the city of Spartanburg, Tuesday, l-lth inst., 10
A. M. The session will last four weeks and the programme will
be varied and interesting.
The Roavan County Teachers' Association has elected
the following officers for the next six months : President, Prof.
J. M. Weatherly; 1st Vice-President, Mr. C. M.Brown; 2d
Vice-President, Miss Cappie Moose; 3d Vice-President, INIr. C.
H. Swink; Secretary and Treasurer, H. J. Overman; Critic,
Mrs. S. R. Arev.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 33
Our University Library has uine tliousaucl volumes and two
thousand pamphlets, but the committee report that many of them
are shelved so high that they are practically in the position of
Alexander Selkirk on the Island of Juan Fernandez : " Out of
humanity's reach." If the books don't come down after that
report, they must be insensible to shafts of wit.
Superintendent Scarborough delivered the address at the
laying of the corner-stone of the new Graded School building at
New Bern on the 17th of June. The old Academy building is
one of the best school-houses in the State, and with the addition
now being made, and the' beautiful grounds, New Bern will have
one of the prettiest Graded School buildings and grounds in North
Carolina. The school has been in operation one hundred and
twenty years, and has just closed its most prosperous session. All
honor to the grand old Elm City and to this venerable and yet
progressive school.
We clip the following from the St. Louis (Mo.) Sj^edator:
"At the close of the services in Central Christian Church, on
last Sunday morning. Dr. J. H. Foy tendered his unconditional
resignation as pastor of the congregation. The scene which fol-
lowed must have been a very gratifying testimonial of the strong
liking the congregation has for him. His resignation was a great
surprise to most of them, and a stranger stepping in the moment
after it was read would have most naturally looked about for the
bier, the flowers and the mourners ; so many were the tears shed.
Dr. Foy has presided over this church for six years, and the rela-
tions existing betM-een them and himself have been most heart-
ily cordial. What his future intention is remains unknown.
Those who know him, know that he is unusually endowed with
graces and virtues of mind and heart. He has few equals and
no superiors among the preachers of the Christian denomination,
and his people realize that it will be hard to fully fill his place."
Dr. Foy is a North Carolinian, and well known as a very suc-
cessful teacher in this State. He has taught at Stantonsburg,
Pleasant Hill, Kinston and Wilson. The LTniversity of Missis-
sippi recently conferred the degree of LL. D. upon him.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY,
THE FIRST MEETING AND ORGSNIZITION,
In August, 1883, the North CarolijSta Teacher conceived
the idea of a gathering of the teachers of the State at some of our
delightful mountain resorts for purposes of " health, rest, improve-
ment and recreation." The proposition seemed practical and at once
became popular throughout the State, and for several months the
teachers have been reading about and thinking of the "Chau-
tauqua" meeting in the mountains, or, as hereafter to be known,
" The North Carolina Teachers' Assembly," and wishing for the
time to arrive when they would ^tart upon this trip so full of
delightful anticipations. The "Assembly" train started from
Goldsboro on June 16th Avith nearly a hundred teachers and
friends of education on board. At Raleigh almost a hundred
more even added to the happy company, and at nearly every sta-
tion along the route the number was increased, until the train
reached Haywood White Sulphur Springs at 3 o'clock P. m. on
the 1 7th, with over three hundred Assembly visitors on board.
The ride over the Blue Ridge INIountains was grand beyond
description and awakened many an expression of delightful .aston-
ishment and admiration from the visitors. The scenery along
this wonderful piece of railroad engineering is equal in imposing
grandeur and magnificence to any in the Union, and, through the
kind thoughtfulness of Col. A. B. Andrews, the president of the
road, and Mr. McBee, the manager, the visitors were enabled to
enjoy the full beauties of the scenery in ways which are never
accorded to the regular traveller or tourist. The l.oug train M'as
carried over the mountains in two sections, each Avith an engine, and
the trip was so nicely arranged that the first section was upon the
high trestle, near Round Knob, when the second section was pass-
ing over a point of road nearly a thousand feet below. The
trains were in full view of each other, and this wonderful sight
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 35
caused the astonislied spectators to indulge in prolonged enthus-
isatic applause amid waving of handkerchiefs and hats. A most
excellent mountain breakfast awaited tlie party at the new Rouud
Knob hotel, and the stimulating air, aided by the excitement of
the scenery, had sharpened every hitherto sluggish appetite into
such vigorous activity that the smoking viands so carefully pre-
jjared were partaken of with an exceedingly keen relish. Much
time was spent in examining the marvellous Round Knob Foun-
tain. It is supplied with water from the top of the mountain
and throws a very large stream to the height of nearly three
hundred feet, and the water returns to the ground in beautiful
cloud-like spray, glistening in the sunlight with all the colors of
the rainbow, and this rare sight profoundly impressed the be-
holders with its exceeding great loveliness. This fountain may
indeed be classed as the ninth wonder of the world, as no other
one on earth carries the water to so great a height.
After reaching the White Sulphur Springs the whole party
rested until the morning of the 1 8th, when the Assembly was or-
ganized and the regular work of the meeting began. The full
official proceedings of the meetings, including all the addresses and
lectures, will be published in The Teacher, beginning with next
issue, including about ten pages of each number, and thus con-
tinuing to the day of adjournment.
This first session of the " North Carolina Teachers' Assembly "
was a complete success in every particular, and is conceded to have
been the grandest and most important educational meeting ever
held in the South. The attendance was very large (representing
sixty-five counties and ten States) far exceeding the most sanguine
expectations, and it was made up from the very cream of the pro-
fession in the State, representing nearly all our leading schools
and colleges; and the magnitude and personnel of this splen-
did gathering of live teachers mean that North Carolina is mak-
ing rapid advances in the march of progressive education. Within
a few hours after the arrival at the Springs the occasion seemed
but the assembling of a great family of co-workers; all stiff
formalities and unnecessary ceremonies of introductions were laid
36 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
aside, each person soon became acquainted with all the others, and
all seemed earnestly endeavoring to contribute towards the enjoy-
ment and benefit of one another.
The lecturers and essayists were enthusiastic and full of their
subjects, the topics chosen for discussion were of an exceedingly
practical nature, all bearing directly upon the most valuable and
important methods of school-room^ work, and the discussions were
so familiarly conducted that each teacher could take part, and thus
no knotty and confusing questions were left unexplained to vex
and discourage the young teachers in giving the new methods a
trial.
The admirable essays of Misses Mary Woodward, of Spartan-
burg, S. C; Mary Goodloe, of Ashe ville; Nettie Marshall, of Ral-
eigh, and Mary Pescud, of Raleigh, were full of carefully digested
thoughts, and each left a pleasant and l^eneficial impression upon
the minds of the' hearers, such as cannot fail to give a new impetus
and interest to school-room work. North Carolina may well be
proud of her noble teachers throughout her entire borders, and
she may be specially and justly proud of the "Teachers' Assem-
bly," which promises to soon extend its progressive enthusiasm to
every school in the State, giving new life to the careless teachers
and adding even greater success to the already successful schools.
The Assembly is now thoroughly organized for permanency,
with a full corps of officers and committees. It is an absolute ne-
cessity in North Carolina, and has a great field of usefulness before
it ; its work is peculiar to itself, and is intended to supplement
the valuable training that is given by the Normal Schools ; its
time of annual meetings will be so arranged as to bring renewed
health and strength to all its members, by reason of their moun-
tain sojourn immediately after the fatigues of the school term, that
they may be better prepared for efficient work at the Normals;
therefore, every ambitious teacher in the State ought to become a
member of the Assembly.
An ample fund is now being provided for securing the
most talented instructors in the Union, and it is confidentlv ex-
pected that the next session of the Assembly will have nearly a
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 37
thousand teachers and friends of education in attendance. A
place of permanent meeting is to be secured, an assembly building;
is to be erected containing auditorium and committee-rooms and
furnished with all the modern paraphernalia of educational work.
Both grounds and money enough are already pledged for these
purposes, thus assuring to the teachers of the State a delightful
summer home for "health, rest, recreation, and improvement,"
also for pleasant and beneficial communication, as well as consulta-
tion with one another upon the many complications of successful
school-room work. If the first session of the Assembly had
accomplished nothing more than an exceedingly pleasant meeting
and social acquaintance with one another, of such a splendid body
of live and progressive teachers, the occasion would have been of
incalculable benefit to the school interests of the State; but to
this result is to be added the many valuable discussions, lectures
and essays, which will place the teachers higher in the work and
kindle the educational fires of the State into such a glow as shall
be felt from the sea even to the " lofly granite towers."
The complete organization of the Assembly for the ensuing-
year is as follows :
President — John J, Fray, Ealeigh.
Secretary — Eugene G. Harrell, Raleigh.
Assistant Secretary — W. W. Stringfield, Waynesville.
Treasurer — R. S. Arrow^ood, Concord.
vice-presidents :
First — H. W. Reinhart, Thomasville.
Second — J. W. Starnes, Asheville.
Third — H. H. Wileiams, LaGrange.
Fourth — Alex. McIver, Carbonton.
Fifth— H. L. Smith, Selma.
Sixth — J. M. Weatherly, Salisbury.
committee of ARRANGEMENTS:
J. J. Fray, Raleigh. E. G. Harrell, Raleigh.
R. S. Arrow^ood, Concord.
38 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:
J. J. Fray, ex-qffido Chairman, Raleigh.
J. L. ToMLiNSON, Winston.
Robert Bingham, Bingham School.
R. H. Lewis, Kinston.
E. P. Moses, Goldsboro.
I. L. Wright, Thomasville.
Miss Fannie Everitt, Statesville.
Miss Maria Nash, Hillsboro,
Miss Mary R. Goodloe, Asheville.
Miss Emma Scales, Greensboro.
Miss Nettie Marshall, Raleigh-.
Mrs. General Wm. Pender, Tarboro.
CONSTITUTION.
NAME.
This body shall be known and designated as "The North
Carolina Teachers' Assembly."
object.
That the teachers of the east and of the west may meet one
another in pleasant and profitable cousnltation upon their work,
and for the carefnl consideration of the most improved and suc-
cessful methods of instruction, such as will build up the educa-
tional interests of the State.
organization.
The officers of the Assembly shall consist of a President (who
shall be ex-ojlcio Chairman of the Executive Committee), six
Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, and
an Executive Committee comprising twelve members of the As-
sembly.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 39
ELECTION.
All officers and the Executive Committee shall be elected at the
conclusion of each annual session of the Assembly; the same
serve until their successors are chosen and qualified. The Presi-
dent, at the close of each annual session, shall appoint a "Com-
mittee on Programme," consisting of three active members of the
Assembly.
MEETINGS.
The Assembly shall hold an annual meeting at such time in
June as the Executive Committee may appoint. The meeting
shall continue two weeks at such place as the Assembly may
determine.
QLTORUM.
The presence of thirteen members of the Assembly shall be
necessary to constitute a quorum.
MEMBERSHIP.
This Assembly shall be composed of all secular teachers and
others engaged in any department of educational work, \^'ho
shall apply for membership, and be accepted by the Executive
Committee. To whom, upon the payment of the fee, the Secretary
shall issue a certificate of membership, the presentation of which
shall be necessary to obtain reduced rates on railroads and at hotels,
and other immunities that may be secured for the Assembly : Pro-
vided, that others not actively engaged, but interested in educa-
tional work, may be received as honorary members, upon ballot
and payment of the same fee required of active members, and
they may enjoy all the rights and privileges accorded to other
members, except the right to vote.
DUES.
The only dues collected by the Assembly shall be an annual fee
of two dollars from each male member and one dollar from each
female member, and these fees must be paid to the Treasurer at
each annual session. The fund so raised shall be used solely in
defraying the incidental expenses and in securing talented and
eminent instructors for each annual assemblaffe.
40 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
COLLECTION AND DISBURSEMENT.
All funds are to be collected by the Treasurer, for which he
shall receipt, and the same are to be disbursed by him only upon
order of the President, duly attested by the Secretary.
APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP.
Application for membership must be made to the Secretary of
the Assembly, which application will at once be placed in the
hands of the Chairman of the Executive Committee for its
action.
AMENDMENTS.
Amendments may be oifered in writing at any regular session
of the Assembly, and upon adoption by a two-thirds vote of the
members present shall become a part of this constitution.
BY-LA¥S,
1. The daily meetings of the Assembly shall be held from 10
A. M. to 1 o'clock P. M., and the evenings may be given to spe-
cial lectures and literary exercises.
2. It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to select a
board of trustees for the Assembly, of three members, and also secure
an act of incorporation at the next meeting of the Legislature.
3. The Executive Committee shall also have full management
of all matters pertaining to the AsvSembly during its recess, and
decide upon all applications for membership.
4. The Treasurer shall give good and justified bond in the
sum of one thousand dollars for the faithful performance of duty,
Mdiich bond shall be filed with the Executive Committee.
5. All property belonging to the Assembly shall be held by the
Trustees in the name of the " North Carolina Teachers' Assem-
bly," and when necessary the same shall be insured in some relia-
ble company.
6. Any of these by-laws may be suspended or amended at a
regular session of the Assembly, upon a two-thirds vote of the
members present.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 41
Send your name to the Secretary of the Teachers' Assembly
for membership. By special resolution of the Assembly you
have until January 1st, 1885, for payment of the fee for this year.
Nearly a thousand teachers will attend the next session and ample
accommodations will be provided for all. Arrangements are now
beins: made for lectures from some of the livest educators in the
Union, and the teachers who attend the session will be not only
delighted beyond measure, but will also partake of so rich and
rare a feast of practical educational work that it will double their
value and success in the school-room.
Several teachers at the Assembly, upon announcing a de-
sire to change their regular location, found good positions open in
other parts of the -State and good schools were secured by them.
This feature of supplying good teachers with good schools will
be made more prominent in future sessions, and efforts will be
put forth towards making this branch of the Assembly work of
special value to those teachers who desire a change of location.
A " Teachers' Bureau " ^vill perhaps be organized and placed in
charge of a competent and judicious committee which may be at
any time consulted with perfect confidence by those seeking either
a school or a teacher.
The Assembly returns special thanks to Mr. J. C. S. Tim-
berlake, proprietor of White Sulphur Springs, for his many kind
attentions and faithful efforts towards making his large number
of visitors comfortable and pleased. Even though his house was
packed with fifty or more people beyond its capacity, he suc-
ceeded in giving comfortable quarters and good table fare to every
guest. He is to be congratulated upon his success at entertain-
ment, and his many visitors fully appreciate his frequent favors,
as well as his constant willingness to carry out even the slightest
suggestion which any one would offer, that would add to the
interest and enjoyment of the occasion.
EDITORIAL.
ficam IT WORK.
YouE SUMMER Vacation days are now drawing to a close and
you will ere long be again at work in your school-room. Many
bright eyes and expectant faces will soon be turned toward you,
eager to receive the instruction which it is }'our privilege and duty
to give. Do you realize how great a responsibility is resting upon
you, and have you been preparing yourself for these duties?
Have you been reading educational journals and books which
will enable you to improve your methods of teaching? Do you
enter upon this new school term with a strong determination to
be more faithful to your pupils than ever before? Will you make
an honest eiFort to awaken your scholars to a greater interest in
their studies? Are you going to be more patient and persevering
with the "idle" girls, the "noisy" boys, the "truants" and all
other " troublesome " ones of your school ? Are you determined to
devote the coming term to teaoking instead of keeping school? If
you answer these questions in the affirmative it is well, and at the
close of this term we hope you will write to The Teacher and
tell how much more success you had than in any previous session.
The first volume of The Teacher ended with the May
number, and no June number was issued. This was to make the
volumes in future run regularly with the school terms, beginning
with July.
We will be greatly obliged to Couuty Superintendents and
teachers for any items of school intelligence fi'om their commu-
nities. We want to keep the teachers thoroughly and promptly
informed of all educational movements throuphout the State.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 43
We congratulate our enterprising contemporary, the editor
of the Waynesville News, upon the neat little daily which he
issued during the session of the Teachers' Assembly. The Daily
News contained full reports of the sessions and the paper was
eagerly looked for each afternoon.
The editor desires to make grateful acknowledgment to the
friends at the Assembly who presented to him the beautiful and
very highly appreciated gold souvenir, in memory of "Chau-
tauqua, 1884." Allow him to say, in the words of the famous
Rip Van Winkle, "May you live long, and jjrosper."
We hope that each County Superintendent will kindly speak
a few words in behalf of The Teacher at the County Institutes
this season. We are trying to make North Carolina one of the
foremost States of the Union in progressive education, and to this
end we desire every teacher in the State to be a regular reader of
the magazine.
"The North Carolina Teachers' Assembly," at its
Waynesville session, by special resolution adopted The North
Carolina Teacher as the official organ of the Assembly. We
tender our sincere gratitude, and promise to put forth every
effort in promoting the interests of the Assembly and its mem-
bers and the general cause of State education.
Try to make your school-room as pleasant as the homes
which the children go from every day. It is just as easy to make
it attractive as it is to have it otherwise. You wall be surprised
how much a little touch here and there will add to the appearance
of the room, and you will also be surprised how much more earn-
estly the pupils will study in a neat school-room than when they
have to spend the day in an unclean and forbidding-looking room.
We hope that all our teachers have attended some of the Nor-
mal Schools this season, and that they will now return to their
school-rooms with many new ideas and much-awakened ambition
to be more successful than ever before. The Normals have been
unusually fine in all their appointments and the w^ork has been
44 THE NORTH CAROIJNA TEACHER.
of a very superior character, and the teachers who have taken
advantage of these opportunities will be more appreciated bv their
patrons, and new life will be seen in their schools during this term.
Has the time of your subscription to The Teacher ex-
pired? A large number of our earlier subscriptions ended with
the May number. We are much gratified and complimented at
seeing so many promptly renewing, and we hope that (M our
readers have found the magazine so valuable and helpful in their
work as to induce them to at once enroll their names again as
subscribers. We promise every eifort on our part toward making
the journal better than ever during the coming year. If your
copy of The Teacher for this month contains a blank for re-
newal it means that your subscription has expired, and we shall
be pleased to have the blank filled out and returned to us at once,
so that your files ^of the magazine will be unbroken.
What is your school going to send to the Exposition at Ral-
eigh this fall? It is very important that all our prominent edu-
cational institutions shall be represented in some way. There
will be a great number of visitors from other States, and they
will be closely looking after the school exhibits in order that they
may form some idea of the educational advantages which North
Carolina offers to the ucav coming resident. But few schools in
the State can do nothing at all toward the exhibit, and a small
display from each one will be grand in the aggregate and certainly
impress the beholder favorably in regard to our school facilities.
Don't pass this suggestion aside without attention, but resolve
that your school shall be represented, and at once put some of
your brightest pupils at work in preparing such articles as you
desire to exhibit. It will benefit your school, help the Exposition
and aid the cause of education in the State.
The editor of The Teacher feels under special obligations
to all who attended the Assembly and begs leave to return his
hearty thanks;
1st. For the cordial co-operation which each one gave to the
general M'ork of the Assembly, thus contributing so largely to the
pleasure and benefit of the occasion.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 45
2. To all who so willingly and ably assisted in the several
very enjoyable literary entertainments.
3. To those who gave the Assembly snch admirable and prac-
tical lectures and essays upon the teacher and the various depart-
ments of the teacher's work ; who took such an active part in all
the interesting discussions, thus aiding so largely in bringing out
and developing new ideas and new methods of teaching.
4. To each person, specially, for the general good feeling, good
humor, good order; and good will which so pleasantly prevailed.
May we all meet at many such delightful sessions of the Assem-
blv!
PERSONAL MENTION.
SiG. D'Anna has resigned as Musical Director at Salem Academy.
Rabbi Straus teaches a Hebrew and German School at Goldsboro.
Professor and Mrs. Baumann, of Peace Institute, are at Saratoga.
Miss Alice Pell has accepted a position at Davenport Female College.
Prof. H. T. Williams has resigned as Principal of Pantego Academy.
Mr. T. T. Mitchell will take charge of the Franklinton Male Academy.
Capt. a. C. Davis, of LaGrange, is spending his vacation in New England.
Rev. L. a. Bikle, D. D., has accepted a professorship in Gaston High
School.
Mr. E. M. Goodwin has been selected as Principal of the Kinston Graded
School.
Mrs. Parker McGee has opened a school at Pigeon River, Haywood
county.
Miss .Jane Newman has taken a position as teacher in Shelby Female
College.
flAYESViLLE HiGH ScHOOL, Clay county, has chosen Major Rankin as
Principal.
Rev. J. H. Clewell has been elected Assistant Principal of Salem Female
Academy.
Miss Doza Young's Preparatory School for girls at Franklinton will open
JulyHth. •
Prof. N. D. Johnson will take charge of Apex Academy, Wake county,
August 1st.
46 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Dr. R. C. Ellis and wife will open a school at Waco Academy, in Cleave-
land county.
Pkof. E. p. Moses, of the Gold.sboro Graded School, will spend his vacation
in Tennessee.
Prof. Price Thomas has been reelected Superintendent of the New Bern
Graded School.
Mr. G. a. Grimsley has been elected Assistant Principal of Kinston
Graded School.
Prof. L. W. Bagley has completed a handsome academy building at Wake
Forest College.
Mrs. S. D. Twitty resumes her place as Lady-Principal of Wilson Col-
legiate Institute.
Rev. Josephus Latham is Principal of Oak Grove Academy at Keels-
ville, Pitt county.
Prof. J. W. Murphy will open a school for boys and girls in the college
building at Clinton.
Prof. Hargrove, of Virginia, takes a position as instructor in Oxford
Female Seminary.
Mr. T. N. Ivey and wife will open a male and female school at Brevard on
tiie 13th of August.
Misses Minnie and Jenny Willis will open a school for boys and girls at
Pittsboro, August 4th.
Miss Mary V. Marsh, of Clinton, has taken a position as teacher in the
Orphan Asylum at Oxford.
Prof. W. C. Doub, of Jonesboro, has been elected Superintendent of the
Greensboro Graded School.
Miss Juliette Somerville will take cliarge of tiie Music Department of
Wilson Collegiate Institute.
Miss Sarah J. Jinnette, of New Garden, has been engaged as assistant
teacher at Nahunta Academy.
Capt. John E. Dugger has become associated with Mr. L. A. Williams in
the Warrenton Male Academy.
Rev. E. Rondthaler, D. D., has been elected Principal of Salem Female
Academy, vice Dr. Zorn, resigned.
Prof. Wilbur F. Tillett, of Vanderbilt University, is spending his vaca-
tion at his old home in this State.
Miss Lola W. Milner has resigned as teacher in Shelby Female College,
and will return to her home in Alabama.
Prof. John F. Bruton, Superintendent of the Wilson Graded School, has
resigned to enter upon the practice of law.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 47
Mr. W. G. Randall, a recent graduate of Chapel Hill, will take charge
of the sciiool at Marion, McDowell county.
Prof. T. J. Mitchell, of the Charlotte Graded School, will conduct the
Teachers' Institute at Lincolnton in August.
Rev. J. T. Zorn, the efficient Principal of Salem Academy, has resigned
that position and will reside at Nazareth, Pa.
Prof. L. M. Patterson, late of the Goldsboro Graded School, will spend
a year at John Hopkins Institute, Baltimore.
Dr. Aug. Kursteiner, the former popular Musical Director of St. Mary's
School, resumes this position for the next term.
Prof. .James T. Murphy, A. B., has taken charge of Clinton Collegiate
Institute. The first term will begin August 21st.
Prof. Chx\.rles L. Wilson has regularly entered the profession of teach-
ing. He will ofjcn a school this fall at Asheville.
Miss Martha Whitley, Miss Mary A. Wilkinson and Miss Jennie
Simmons will teach next session at Pantego Academy.
Mr. B. F. White, University of North Carolina, enters the list as a mem-
ber of the Faculty of LaGrange Collegiate Institute.
Prof. E. E. Hilliard has leased the Vine Hill Academy at Scotland
Neck, for ten years, and will greatly improve and enlarge it.
Rev. R. B. Sutton, D. D., has been elected Principal of St. Augustine Nor-
mal School, Raleigh, in place of Rev. J. E. C. Smedes, resigned.
Prof. Robert P. Pell has been elected to a position in Centennial Graded
Sciiool, Raleigh, to take the place of Prof. Lee T. Blair, resigned.
Prof. Lee T. Blair has resigned as teacher in the Centennial Graded
School to accept the principalship of the Friends' School at New Garden.
Prof. John Van Wordragan, late Musical Director of Clinton Female
College, has accepted a like position in Thomasville Female College.
Mr. Frank D. Winston, of Bertie, the Republican candidate for State
Superintendent of Public Instruction, called to see us some days since,
Prof. R. L. Patton has resigned as Principal of Globe Academy. He has
removed to Hendersonville and will enter the ministry of the Baptist Church.
Rev. a. D. Hepburn, D. D., has tendered his resignation as President of
Davidson College, but has consented to remain in charge until his successor is
chosen.
Rev. W. a. Rodgers, A. M., M. D., has accepted the Presidency of Yad-
kin College, under the patronage of the Methodist Protestant Church'in North
Carolina.
Profs. W. R. Harris, H. M.Joseph and H. S. Henderson, of St. Augus-
tine Normal School, Raleigh, have been advanced to the Priesthood of the
Episcopal Church.
48 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHEE.
Mr. W. K. Brown has resigned his position in Tennessee and will return
to Wentworth Academy at Rome, N. C, as Principal. VVe heartily welcome
Mr. Brown back to the State.
Dr. E. H.Lewis, President of Kinston College, has received the appoint-
ment as Lecturer on Philosophy at the National Institute, which meets in
Washington City next summer.
Prof. Wm. G. Simmons has received the degree of LL. D. from Wake
Forest College. He is one of the oldest and most accomplisiied college pro-
fessors in the State, and his Alma Mater has done itself honor in thus honoring
him.
Prof. J. A. Gilmer, Principal of the Morganton Male Academy, was mar-
ried .June 17th to Miss Laura P. Avery, daughter of the late gallant Colonel
Clarke Moulton Avery, of Burke. The "Teacher" congratulates the par-
ties to this happy union of historic names.
Mr. Charles L. Smith, of Durham, formerly editor of the Wake ForeM
Student, has accepted the position of assistant teacher in Raleigh Male
Academy. We congratulate Messrs. Fray & Morson upon securing the ser-
vices of Mr. Smith, and we cordially welcome him to our city.
Mr. E. D. Monroe, late assistant in the Jonesboro Higii School, graduated
with high distinction at the late Commencement of our University. The
Committee on Orations spoke of his speech "as exhibiting a power of reason-
ing and analyzing worthy of any man in the State." Mr. Monroe takes a
place as teacher in the Durham Graded School.
TEICHERS' BUREAU,
[4@=°The Nokth Carolina Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned in this
department, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
Teacher and t-liey will be promptly forwarded.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
17. A yoimg ladj' who has had three years' experience in the school-room,
and has attended two of the State Normal Schools, desires a situation in a pri-
vate family. Can teach the English branches and music.
IS. A lady of several years' experience, and who has attended two sessions of
the University Normal School, desires a situation in a school or private family.
19. A lady desires a situation in a family or school for giving lessons in
vocal and instrumental music. Good references will be furnished.
20. A gentleman (single) will accept a situation in a graded school. Is a
full graduate and has had several years' experience in the sehool-room. Can
furnish best references.
THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.. 49
21. Prof. David L. Ellis, of Raieigii, a graduate of Nashville University,
and late Principal of Falling Creek Academy, desires a situation as principal
or assistant principal of a school.- He prefers graded school work.
22. A young lady, who can teach the English language, Mathematics, Latin
and Music, desires a situation in a school. She has been teaching nearly three
years, and can furnish best references.
TEACHERS WANTED.
A lady to take a private school, at a salary of about forty dollars per month.
She must be able to teach Music, Latin, French and Elementary German. No
choice as to religious denomination.
T. L. Sarles, Esq., Westfield, N. C, wishes to employ an experienced male
teacher and a thorough scholar to take charge af Westfield Academy — one
who expects to make teaching his business. Address as above.
NE¥ BOOKS. .
QuizziSM AND ITS Key. By A. p. Southwick. Boston: New England
Publishing Company. Price, $1.00.
Send for a copy of this book and you will like it. It contains a wonderful
amount of just such information as }'ou can easily use in your school-room
with very great interest and benefit to the pupils. We have given the book a
careful examination and do unhesitatingly and heartily recommended it to
every live teacher as a most valuable aid in improving your school.
Methods OF Teaching Cteooraphy. By Lucretia Crocker. Boston: School
Supply Co.
We all admit the great necessity of teaching Geography in our schools, but
very few persons can do so with any special degree of success. Miss Crocker's
"Methods" will be of great benefit to any teacher who carefully studies it, and
he will be enabled to give new life to the Geography lesson and make each
pupil awake to a new interest and conception of this branch of study. Try
the book.
First Lessons in Physiology and Hygiene, with Special Reference to
Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Narcotics. By Chas. K. Mills, M. D. Phila-
delphia: Eldredge & Bro. Price, 85c. ; to teachers for examination, oOc.
It is an easy thing to interest children in the study of Physiology if you be-
gin right, and the first step is to secure a book that is clear, concise and yet
elementary enough to interest the pupils who are just beginning the study.
Dr. Mills has succeeded in making the subject of Physiology and Hygiene
extremely attractive, stripping from it all forbidding aspects and unnecessary
technical language. The chapter on " Alcohol, Tobacco and other Narcotics"
is of special value, and can be used in the school-room by a live teacher
with telling effect for good on the rising generation.
W^ENT WORTH'S
J)I^TPM)^TIC;qii gEl^IEg.
Our Special Circular contains a list of 66 COLLEGES and 432 HIGH
SCHQMLS into which the Algebra has been introduced since its publication.
It hast^ introduced into 38 COLLEGES and 249 HIGH SCHOOLS the past
year
45
Strong evi3^ce of the merit of Went worth's Geometry is found in the fact
that since the hi^Si^ning of the sciiool year, in 1878, it has been introduced into
159 COLLEGES n^^36 PREPARATORY SCHOOLS. It has been introduced
into 54 COLLEGES ^^^255 HIGH SCHOOLS the last school year. For a list
of these, and also for t^Minonials, see our Special Circular, whicii we send on
application. *
GINN, HEATH & CO., - Publishers,
BOSTON, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO.
TBE TEACHER'S CHOICE.
THOMPSON'S
TEACHER'S EXHMINER
Sti/I More Popular than Ever.
A New Edition just isstted from the press for 1884.
The EXAMINER is a book of nearly 400 pages, having
been prepared for Teachers and those fitting themselves to
teaeh, and is also adapted to the use of Common and High
Schodls, I'.ii- dail>-. wiM'kly :ind muntlilv reviews.. It embraces
:i Li'iural ii'\ i.'w of till' I' ilh'wing branches in aseries of qoes-
ti"iis ami aiiswiTs: Uistoiy, Grammar, Civil Government,
GciiLjraphy, Orthography, Physical Geography, Reading,
rhvsiology. Writing, Arithmetic, Philosophy, Astronomv and
Botany.
1. Every Teacher should procure a copy of the Examiner. 2. It contains over 5,000
important questions and answers. 3. The work is endorsed by the best educational men
of the country. 4. Nothing like it for reviews and test-work, and it is being used in
many scliools. 5. If you are dreading an examination, purchase a copy of this book; it
will guide you safelj' through. 0. The Teacher's Examiner will be mailed to any address,
post-paid, on receipt of price, Sl.50.
Teachers, I also have a new book on English and American Literature, just from the
press, entitled
BOTH ANCIENT AND MODERN.
This is a very useful work. In alphabetical order it mentions the time of birth and
death lil' drad) of each writer, and the most important work he has written. This
e.Kccllrnt treatise will also be mailed to any address, post-paid, on receipt of 31.50.
Address, ALBERT H. THOMPSON,
No. 1:5. 3d Ave., CHICAGO, ILL.
fiORTff
c>.*o«A,>,srA«„Sft,sP,
J_L
rr"i
(I
I«1IL
S 'i
^-
J4-
'F-
I I
41
TT'
«^
te__
U
I
I
S 5 <y
-.5 fe '^
S -
^ I i
ale
bfc .;
«LJ9L.
Li ■
?L^
.M
_jj
Li ■
u
a.
u.
a „l M
^^ \ I
CO ^
Tick
i^ >
c
fc- >> 5
bc 3 ^
c o js
Co ci
- — ^ ii>-
OD pti !>
!
-TH I I
• I •! I
^11
3 o
-^ £ r2
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, August, 1884. No. 2.
RINGING OF THE OLD SCHOOL BELL,
BY PALMER HARTSOUGH.
Oh the ringing of the old school bell,
What a message doth its chimings tell,
To the ears that love the singing
Of the birds so freely winging.
Thro' the woods and over vales at will.
Oh the ringing of the old school bell,
'Tis a message understood full well,
For the feet return from straying.
And the hands relent from playing,
And the noisy lips are hushed and still.
Oh the ringing of the old school bell.
How the echoes with its burdens swell.
For the irksome task commences.
And thro' all the moods and tenses,
Must the weary moments drag along.
Oh the ringing of the old school bell.
There is naught below can break its spell.
Till the A B C is banished,
And the rod and rule have vanished,
So we'll try to sing a cheerfnl song.
Oh the ringing of the old school bell.
There is something more its chimings tell.
Older people often listen.
And a tear will often glisten.
52 THE XOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
O'er a lesson we are slow to learn,
For the ringing of the old school bell,
Has to them at last become a knell,
Of the time of school-days olden.
Of the moments that were golden,
Moments that will nevermore return.
Let ns listen to the old school bell,
To the message that its chimings tell ;
Though we love to hear the singing
Of the birds so freely winging,
Thro' the woods and over vales at will.
Let us hasten toward the old school bell,
Toward the call we all have learned full well ;
Turn the little feet from straying,
Cea§e the little hands from playing.
And the little lips be hushed and still.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
COMMENTS UPON NORMAL SCHOOL ¥ORK IN 1884,
WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE STUDY OF
GRAMMAR AND HISTORY.
BY HENRY E. SHEPHERD, CHARLESTON, S. C.
I purpose to submit to the consideration of my fellow-teachers
in North Carolina the results, concisely expressed, of my obser-
vations of !]^ormal School work during 1884, with especial refer-
ence to the departments of grammar and history. I select these
studies for the reason that they are intimately related to my chosen
field of research and investigation, assuredly, with no disposition
to depreciate or ignore the other phases of the Normal School
curriculum. It was my rare good fortune to attend both the
Normal School at Wilson and that at Chapel Hill, so that I had
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 53
an opportunity in some degree to make comparisons, institute con-
trasts, and frame generalizations.
In the first place, let me call attention to the generally prevail-
ing lack of acquaintance witli the historical method of study in
English. The results of historical philology, the only form of
philology which exists upon any rational basis, have been ren-
dered so accessible to teachers by the labors of such scholars as
Whitney, March, Earle, Oliphant, Lounsbury, Mason, Msetzuer,
and Morris, that he who remains in ignorance has nothing to
censure save his own indolence or his own indifference. It is a
mere truism to affirm, that without a judicious application of the
results attained in English by the historical method, the teaching
of grammar can never ascend above a purely empirical and me-
chanical stage. It is, perhaps, to the conspicuous absence of this
critical knowledge of the evolutions of our tongue, on the part of
book-makers, as well as teachers, that we may attribute the potent
fascination of the diagram method, now almost universally dif-
fused throughout Xorth Carolina, which is nothing more than a
delicately constructed device, intended to assist in the artificial
propagation of grammatical stupidity.
In the diagram system shallow empiricism attains its climax.
It constitutes an admirable illustration of what Bacon so aptly
described as "conceit of knowledge without the reality.'^ By
what conceivable process of logic can the diagrams convey to the
mind of a pupil the characteristic subtleties of thought that under-
lie so many of our recognized English idioms? Who will dia-
gram a sentence so as to bring out the delicate and almost impal-
pable shade of meaning that marks off the participle from the
participle adjective — the "adjective in motion and the adjective
at rest," as my renowned teacher, Prof. Gildersleeve has expressed
it, with the felicitous terseness of consummate scholarship ? What
champion of this new grammatical revelation will venture to dia-
gram Macbeth's speech before the assassination, or Mark Antony's
harangue over the body of Caesar, so as to impress upon the peo-
ple's understanding the play of emotion, the agony of suspense,
the artful appeal to passion under the skilflilly wrought guise of
54 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
decorous restraint, which are exhibited with unsurpassed artistic
effect by the employment of the ideal or subjunctive mood? Who
will diagram one of Cardinal Newman's sermons, Freeman's bril-
liant estimate of William the Conqueror, or Carlyle's review of
Croker's edition of Boswell's Life of Johnson? The list might
indeed "stretch out to the crack of doom."
A continuous, systematic ])ursuit of such manuals as Mason's
English Grammar, Oliphant's Early and Middle English, Hall's
Modern English, will reveal an unknown land to the teacher who
has never advanced beyond the clever sciolism of the diagrams, a
land flowing with linguistic wealth, fertile in suggestion, rich in
inspiration. The teacher who disregards the study of English
from an historical stand-point, is confronted with difficulties, even
in the elementary stages of grammatical instruction. Even the
explanation of the possessive sign 's is impossible without histor-
ical acquaintance with the transformation of the language, the
decay of its ancient inflections, and the persistent survival of this
almost isolated example.
When the so-called irregular verbs and irregular nouns are
encountered, the ueed of philological study is more apparent.
For what are they, save survivals of an old and accredited usage ?
Such forms as "had rather,'' "had better," cannot be explained, but
by reference to their historical development, and without such in-
vestigation, the "rathe primrose," of Milton, as well as the "rathe
and riper years," of Tennyson, is thoroughly misapprehended.
Even so simple a form as our adverb "needs" cannot be ex-
plained unless its origin is known — it being simply the petrified
genitive of an old English noun. The same general comment is
applicable to idioms in process of growth, as well as to those
already naturalized and authenticated by the register of the gram-
marian. How many teachers of grammar in North Carolina
have noted the comparatively receut introduction of the pronoun
"its" into our written speech, or have traced the gro^\i:h of our pas-
sive progressive form, " is being done, etc.," which is little more than
a century old, or have followed the evolutions of that increasing
fashion of our time — the insertion of an adverb between the pre-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 55
positiou and the infinite mood, as to ^'utterly ignore/' "to not com-
ply," now in progress under their very eyes? How many teachers
have cultivated and applied in the pursuit of language the scien-
tific habit, without which no rational mastery of linguistic, as of
physical science, is attainable? It is only the historical investi-
gation of English that will discover to the mind of the teacher,
to how great an extent our ordinary grammars are subjective pro-
ductions— how frequently they fail in their only legitimate func-
tion— the accurate representation of idiomatic usage, how often
they exhibit the predilections of their authors, the hallucinations
of 23edants, or the flimsy teachings of charlatans. Grammar, so
far as it wanders from its proper sjahere, which is purely objective,
becomes erroneous and misleading ; yet I am acquainted with but
one or two elementary English grammars, that are not obnoxious
to this criticism. Mason's is a notable and conspicuous exception.
I fear, however, Mr. Editor, that I am exceeding the limits
assigned me, so that I will defer my comments upon the teaching
of history until some more auspicious occasion.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
"SCHOOL FROM HOME,"
/
BY A NORTH CAROLINIAN, AUSTIN, TEXAS.
Thinking perhaps the North Carolina teachers would like some
information concerning schools outside of their own State, I take
the opportunity offered me by the kindness of our editor to give
them a short account of the Graded School in the capital of the
Lone Star State.
Austin, being the "city of the hills," it is impossible for one
building to be so located as to be accessible to all the children.
For convenience then, the school has been divided into four
branches, situated in different parts of the city, embracing in all
some twenty-five teachers. It takes a careful " Board " and wise
56 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
'' Sujseriutendent " to coudiict with success such a large and widely
scattered school ; but, I think, the Austin school is highly favored.
The school consists of three grades ; Primary, Grammar and the
High School, embracing in all a period of about ten years. If a
pupil finishes thoroughly the entire course, he is very well pre^
pared for college or business.
The first thing a stranger would notice on entering the class-
room here is the different nationalities represented, American,
German, Swede, Norwegian and occasionally a Mexican, all to be
taught the English language. I should think the teachers would
find it quite difficult to teach these children who necessarily have
different pronunciation, all by the same method.
I saw a little German girl write an English copy that had been
written for the class, on the blackboard, quite correctly, and yet
she could not read one word of it.
One very serious objection to all State schools in Texas is that
religion is banished from the class-room, tryiug, I suppose, to be
"all thino-s to all meu."
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THOUGHTS FOR TEACHERS.
BY REV. \V. B. HARRELL, M. D., STANLY COUNTY.
At a recent meeting of the Teachers' Association of the State
of Illinois (so we read), the follo^Ying are a few of the good
points that were brought out :
1st. The great purpose of all intellectual education is mental
development.
2d. The acquisition of skill and knowledge is only a secondary
consideration; but in the pursuit of mental development only
practical means should be used.
3d. The study of Arithmetic is beneficial in proportion as it
is productive of exact thinking.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 57
4th. Reading should be made a hearer of, rather than a barrier
to thought.
5th. Promotions should be made on the basis of the mental
strength of pupils; examinations being useful as a test of the
ability of the teacher.
6th. Know the mind of the pupil and the subject-matter to be
taught, and you will need no "cut and dried'' methods.
7th. The great purpose of all school work is to develop habits
of correct thought and action.
8th. When teachers become artisans rather than tradesmen the
millennium of all school work will be at hand.
9th. To keep dull pupils from being discouraged, never dis-
courage them.
10th. Keep a slow boy busy and he will advance surely.
Don't hurry him, but let his mind grow.
11th. ''An honest man is" (said to be) ''the noblest work of
God," but a good school director or good committeeman is the
rarest work of the Great Architect on earth.
There are many other good things in the list that were brought
out at the meeting aforesaid — all tending to arouse the enthusiasm
of school teachers, and to revkify, if possible, the whole system
of school work in the State of Illinois.
May we not hope that our own school work will also be
remodelled, or revivified and improved ? There is certainly great
need for it in some departments of labor, especially in that part
devised for the benefit of the masses in the public school system
of our State.
It is the general opinion that much of the teaching that is
done in our public schools is not what it should be.
There is too much mere school keeping and too little real school
teaching; and the complaints that are heard on all sides "are
loud, and deep, and wide," and well-nigh universal.
The readers of the North Carolina Teacher may effect
much in correcting the evils complained of by carefully consider-
ing the "thoughts" here presented; and by endeavoring to exem-
plify the same in the school; and to enlarge them, and to exhibit
58 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
practically before their pupils the very best work that they possi-
bly can produce.
The good teachers, in the school-room and out, must be, in all
things, earnest men or women in their day and in their genera-
tion— true to their calling, true to themselves, true to their pupils,
true to their God. Time is short. The day is fast passing away,
and the night cometh. , The words of the wisest man that ever
lived ring in our ears to-day as to those in the past : "" Whatso-
ever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might ; for there is no
work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom in the grave
whither thou goest."
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
PROPER CLISSIFICSTION,
BY E. E. HILLIARD, PRINCIPAL VINE HILL ACADEMY.
Many of our teachers doubtless remember what Josh Billings
says about advice. And he is not far wrong. The truth is,
everybody likes to give advice when somebody else will listen.
But what is written for The Teacher is not intended to be
considered advice, strictly speaking, but merely suggestions.
Methods, as employed by others, are worth nothing to us, only
as they suggest a change in our own methods. For we cannot
absolutely follow the methods of any teacher Avhose circumstances
and surroundings are at all different from ours; and as no two
teachers are often situated precisely alike, so no two teachers can
follow precisely the same methods with the very same success.
Every teacher who is doing good work must have methods of
his o^^n. He may so improve his own methods, sometimes, by
blending his into the methods (if others, as to make them appear
to be new methods entirely.
As this is the season when almost all schools begin their work
of the year — when some are being established — the >vriter thinks
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 59
that a few suggestioDS on classification may not be out of place.
The young teacher finds uo more clifiicult task than to properly
classify his school. Especially is it the case in primary schools.
The matter of classification requires time. Of course it will not
do to spend too much time in the arrangement of classes. In
fact, few teachers can afford to spend as much time as they really
ought in arranging their classes, lest they displease the pupils or
the parents, or both.
Some teachers practice policy, to the detriment of thorough-
ness in their pupils, simply to please parents. Every teacher
ought to be jjolitic enough to gain the confidence and cooperation
of parents in the beginning, if possible. And children will talk
about school when they go home. So it is not well to keep them
waiting for classification long enough to become restless, or feel
like they have nothing to go to school for.
It may take days to get them arranged, but the teacher can
find something for pupils to do — whether very profitable or not
— till classes can be tolerably well arranged.
Pupils should not be put into too many classes at first. And
pupils of the same age, who know each other very well, do not
like for one to have much more given to one than to another.
A boy who is not put into as many classes as his neighbor, feels
like you think he is not as smart as his neighbor.
Pupils of the same age generally do better to ha^s^e given them
at first about the same amount of work. If one proves himself
superior to others of his class he can be allowed to drift into
another class or two without much notice on the part of the
other pupils.
Pupils are close observers, so much so that they often see par-
tiality where it does not exist ; and if it does exist at all they are
sure to detect it. It is well in arranging classes to have it under-
stood that the first arrangement may not be permanent. Pupils
like to go forward rather than backward; so it is highly impor-
tant that the teacher, if lie finds it necessary to remove one from
a class, to be able to say to him : " You know too much to stay
down in this class." Never arrange them so that you will have
9
60 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
to say: ''You do not know enough to stay up in this class."
They want to move up all the time.
A teacher may so question a boy as to make him say he sees
almost anything. You may make him say he sees it to his
interest to go into a lower class, but when he goes there his pride
is wounded, and nine times out of ten he does much worse than
if he had been put too low at first and then allowed to advance.
He may say he sees it, but he seldom feels it.
A good man said to me that his boy had never taken the same
interest in his books since I put him back a class in one of his
studies. At the time, however, the boy told me he was willing
to go. I thought I had shown him the necessity very plainly,
but he did not see it.
Too much care cannot be used in classification. It avoids much
trouble further on in a boy's course.
When practicable, pupils ought always to be sent forward
rather than backward. Encouragement is one of the very best
stimulants, and sending pupils higher encourages, while sending
them lower greatly discourages them.
THE NITIONUL EDUCATIONAL ISSOCIITION.
BY D. MATT. THOMPSON, LINCOLNTON, N. C.
The twenty-seventh meeting of the National Educational Asso-
ciation was held in Madison, Wisconsin, July 15th — 18th.
INIadison is styled the queen city of the Northwest. It is cer-
tainly a beautiful city, located between the romantic lakes Men-
ona and Idendota. The meetings of the Association were held
in the State capitol and in the several churches of the city. Rev.
J. L. M. Curry, D. D., of Richmond, Va., delivered the opening
address. His theme was "Education and Citizenship." His
address was to the point, and was well received. On Wednesday
evening of the session, Major Bingham, of our State, deliv-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 61
ered a strait-forward, matter-of-fact address on " Education at the
South." He urged national aid as an educational necessity. He
took the ground that the South has claims on the National Treas-
ury, as the negroes are in the South, and are the wards of the
nation, to whom the nation has given the ballot with no provis-
ion for giving them the intelligence necessary to its use.
I have no doubt but that the address, both of Major Bingham
and of Dr. Curry, did much to yvake up and arouse the mind of
the Northern educator in favor of national aid.
The subject of Primary Education occupied a prominent place
on the programme, and was ably and interestingly discussed.
The meeting was a grand convocation of teachers from all parts
of the United States. It was estimated that at least six thousand
were in attendance. Everybody seemed to be in a good humor
with everybody else. Such meetings give a mighty impetus to
education. I think most, if not all, went away feeling benefited
and encouraged, and with a determination to do more earnest and
faithful work than ever before.
After an interesting session on Friday evening, the National
Educational Association of 1884 — the largest meeting of the kind
ever convened in this or any other country — adjourned, to meet,
in 1885, at some place to be named by the President of the Asso-
ciation and the Council. The impression seemed to prevail that
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, will be the place selected.
I spent some days at Normal Park, Illinois, at Col. Parker's
Institute. I find Col. Parker quite popular there. His Institute
represents twenty-six States. He is a leader in what is called the
" New Education," and while I do not endorse everything he says
and does, yet I am convinced he is doing a great work for the
teaching profession. He continuously opens up new lines of
thought, and a teacher spending some time in the class-room
with him, will go awav thiukino; more of his callinp;, and feelino;
able and determined to do better work than in the past.
I will say that Normal Park is a suburb of Chicago, and here
is located Cook County Normal School of which Col. Parker is
the Principal, at a salary, I learn, of five thousand dollars a year.
62 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
TESCH GOOD ENGLISH.
Train your pupils to use the English language correctly. No
part of your school work requires greater or more constant labor
than this. It seems as if this whole generation is given to the
careless use of English, and we find this habit prevailing in the
newspapers, magazines, books, hymns, and also in the conversation
and writings of the educated as well as among those who are not
expected to know better.
The remedy for this mortifying state of aifairs is in the hands
of our teachers, and it is to be applied in the school-room. The
same remedy is to be used with the primary classes as well as the
most advanced. If uecessaiy, let us leave oif some of the Latin
and Greek and give more time to teachino; our mother tongue,
which we are to use a thousand times more than any foreign or
dead language. We hold that North Carolina English is as good
as any to be found in the world ; but we also know that many of
our educated people write in a style so careless and confused that
their expressions are capable of all kinds of interpretation widely
different from those which the writer intended. This '^ pecu-
liarity " of style is the cause of numerous troubles, complications
and misunderstandings, and these same "peculiarities" must be
removed and correctness established in the education of the
present vast army of North Carolina school children.
To make the importance of the matter clearer by practical
illustration of the trouble which exists, we extract the following
specimens of bad English from a little book recently published
by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., under the odd title, " English as
She is Wrote":
" In an account of an inaugural ceremony it was asserted that
'the procession was very fine, aud nearly two miles long, as was
also the report of Dr. Perry, tlie chaplain.' "
"Wanted — A room by two gentlemen thirty feet long aud
twenty feet wide."
"A bill presented to a farmer ran thus : ' To hanging two barn
doors and myself, $1.50.'"
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 63
" Here is a curious evidence of philanthropy : 'A weakhy gen-
tleman will adopt a little boy with a small family.' "
" In the account of a shipwreck we find the following : ' The
captain swam ashore. So did the chambermaid ; she was insured
for a large sum and loaded with pig-iron.' "
''A Western paper says that 'a fine new school-house has just
been finished in that town capable of accommodating three hun-
dred students four stories high.'"
"A clergyman writes, 'A young woman died in my neighbor-
hood yesterday, while I was preaching the gospel in a beastly
state of intoxication.' "
" Wanted — K young man to take charge of horses of a religious
turn of mind."
'' In the far West a man advertises for a woman ' to wash, iron
and milk one or two cows.'"
" On a vacant lot back of Covington, Kentucky, is posted this
sign : ' No plane base Boll on these Primaces.' "
We know tliat you have smiled at these ridiculous blunders,
and perhaps you have doubted the genuineness of the " specimens,"
but such absurd constructions of the language may be found
every day in our own communities, both in print and in conver-
sation, and neither are they alone the errors of the most ignorant
people. We heard some time ago, one of the most prominent
ministers in the State make the following announcement from
his pulpit : " Much sickness is among the membership, and I
shall be glad to know of any cases." Whether any one made
the pastor glad by telling of some poor sister's or brother's sick-
ness, we did not learn.
One of the most familiar and orthodox hymns that Christians
sing has this line : " To redeem such a rebel as me." Perhaps
excuse will be made for this objective case on the ground that the
author was writing gospel and not grammar.
In a school catalogue, a short time ago, we read that "the
place is healthy, moral and social." Did the writer refer to the
town, as composed of houses and lots, to the climate or to the
people f Take any of these objects and apply the ternis " healthy.
64 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
moral and social" and see if the description is not absurd — and
the fault lies in the bad English. '
An intelligent correspondent of one of our State newspapers,
in describing a very pleasant dinner a few days ago, wrote : " The
menu included chicken, ham, butter, wild turkey, green corn,
tomatoes, beets, and pickles, all raised in his garden." We
frequently see neighbors' chickens and hams (hogs) raised in the
garden, much to the vexation of the owner of the garden, but
we hardly understand how the "' wild turkey " could be con-
veniently " raised in his garden " without a sacrifice either of the
turkey or the '' wild " characteristic.
Think about these things, teachers, and watch the daily
conversation of your pupils. Have them frequently to write
their thoughts upon some familiar topic, or compose a letter to
some friend, and use every means toward teaching them a clear
and correct use of the language, and they will be lastingly grate-
ful to you.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THROUGH THE CENTRE OF THE EIRTH.
BY " TRUTH."
The mistake which Professors Anderson, of New York, and
Mitchell, of Peace Institute, have made is due to their misunder-
standing the true meaning of the formula M=WXV.
"W" in this foi-mula is a constant quantity, and it means the
quantity of matter in the ball — its weight at the surflice of the
earth. The ball contains the same quantity at the centre as at
the surface of the earth, and this quantity is constantly repre-
sented by "W" in the formula.
The momentum of the ball is greatest at the centre of the
earth, and supposing there is no resisting medium, as air, &c., in
the hole, the ball will rise to the surfoce on the opposite side and
continue to vibrate forever through the centre of the earth from
one surface to the other.
THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER. 66
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THE FIRST GRADED SCHOOL IN NORTH CAROLINS.
BY ALEX. MCIVER, CARBONTON, N. C.
An article in the July number of The Teacher, intended to
be a compliment to Capt. John E. Dugger, says : " In 1876,
Capt. Dugger organized the first regular systematized graded school
in the State, " with printed course of study for each year, and
directions as to every particular for each grade."
If the writer intends to say that the Raleigh Graded School
was the first established in the State he is mistaken.
Many of the large schools established soon after the war for
the colored people, although at first but primary schools, in the
course of a few years became graded schools, organized and
taught by thoroughly trained teachers.
In 1865, Miss Amy Bradley, a Boston lady, brought money
and teachers from Boston and established a school in the city of
Wilmington, for white children. This school at first was not
patronized, but in the course of a few years was thronged with
pupils, and was known and recognized as the very best graded
school in the State. The Tileston school is an ornament to the
city of Wilmington.
The Baltimore Association of Friends for white children, and
the Philadelphia Association of Friends for colored children, soon
after the war also established and aided many graded schools in
the State.
As early as 1869, Rev. Dr. Sears, agent of the Peabody Edu-
cation Fund, aided the State Superintendent of Public Instruction
in organizing and supporting graded schools in the State. He
continued to do this till his death, as his successor now does —
sometimes aiding as many as twenty-five or thirty schools each
year.
It was the impulse given to popular sentiment partly by these
graded schools that led the good people of Raleigh to think
seriously of organizing the Raleigh Gh-aded School.
Q6 THE XORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
SECURING ATTENTION,
BY ALBERT P. SOTJTHWICK, ANSONIA, OHIO.
If we were asked what is the true secret of school government
we should reply, that it was the natural sequence of being able
to secure the attention of your pupils. Is that all? Yes, for if
yoTi have their attention you have their interest, and they have
no time to indulge any feeling of curiosity in matters foreign to
the class recitation, the study hour, or the general exercises of the
school-room.
How can this attention be secured? ''Ay! there's the rub."
It is not within the power of every one to gaiu even a slight hold
upon the pupil's affections, to be able to secure his cooperation
and to stimulate him to the proper development of his mental
and moral faculties.
First, the personal habits of the teacher have a strong influence
upon securing this most desirable quality from the school children,
or it aids in defeating and nullifying the strongest effort he may
make in earnestness of purpose. Have you not heard the oflt-
repeated but suggestive anecdote of the teacher who went his
daily " rounds " with his hands buried deep in his pockets — a
deplorable habit that is almost universal with young and old in
certain sections of western Pennsylvania — and was carefully and
conscientiously imitated by every male pupil under his charge?
Think of the evident laziness and inertness of purpose symbol-
ized in this action ! A man whose pockets are full (of money)
has no chance of thrusting his Jists into them ; if they are empty
he must keep his hands outside to gain the opportunity to fill
them. So we believe that in the most uncultivated families,
districts, and schools, the gentlemanly bearing and the lady-like
demeanor ivill have its effect upon the pupils, and that to their
advantage, and prove of benefit to the teacher. There are too
many clownish teachers in existence. AVe have seen in the
Southern States, more than once, a teacher dressed in home-made
THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER. 67
"jeans," whose bearing and actions were those of a gentleman.
With these was united an apparent firmness of purpose, a strong
evidence to us tliat he was able to secure the attention of his
pupils, and we were not surprised when told that he was a suc-
cessful teacher.
Pupils do like pleasant manners, kind words, cleanliness, and
brightness of life and action. Invest a dollar or two in decorat-
ing your school-room walls with chromos, engravings and mottoes.
Certainly an increased salary another year will amply repay the
investment, although that should not be your motive. Cheap
pictures of quiet, elegant taste are readily obtained by mail, if
not for sale in your neighborhood. A new bow, a bit of lace, a
clean collar of dazzling whiteness (though it may awe some), will
secure the interest and good will of the boys and girls, and when
they take an interest in you, you can most easily secure their
attention to the duties of the school-room.
It is true that the manner and impressment of some teachers is
largely in their favor — the well-bred tone, the deep, strong voice,
the promptness of movement, the erect, steady carriage will all
have their bearing upon obtaining this great desideratum.
No teacher that is so unfortunate as to be troubled with deaf-
ness, however slight, or near-sightedness, or myopia, or color-
blindness, or any other deficiency of the natural senses, will ever
be as successful as those who possess these "gifts" in their fullest
strength.
If we were asked to give explicit directions how to g-ain this
control, we should reply in a series of statements and cautions
similar to the following: "Don't look the pupil in the eye when
he is reciting. Don't point to him at any time. Don't ask in
rotation — 'skip' about the class. Don't ask only the 'bright
ones.' Question those most who appear inattentive, listless, or
indifferent. Make a statement and ask for a repetition of it
from the pupils. Keep your eyes on every member of the class.
Wholly and simply interest your pupils." How to do this in
various ways, by the use of suggestive means and methods, is
given in a little manual lately published by the " Modern Teacher's
3
68 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Supply Company/' Logansj)ort, Indiana, — "A Quiz Book on the
Theory and Practice of Teaching" — containing six hundred
queries and answers, and costs but a dollar. It has been prepared
especially for the common-school teacher, the class to whom the
educational interests of the country are almost wholly intrusted,
and in whose ranks are enrolled some of the best, most true-
hearted and earnest men and women of the country.
THE SPELLING CLASS.
Stand up, ye spellers, now and spell-
Since spelling matches are the rage,
Spell Phenakistoscope and Knell,
Diphtheria, Syzygy, and Gauge.
Or take some simple word as Chilly,
Or Willie, or the garden Lily.
To spell such words as Syllogism,
And Lachrymose and Synchronism,
And Pentateuch and Saccharine,
Apocrypha and Celeudine,
Lactiferous and Cecity,
Jejune and Homoeopathy,
Paralysis and Chloroform,
Rhinoceros and Pachyderm,
Metempsychosis, Gherkins, Basque,
It is certainly no easy task.
Kaleidoscope and Tennessee,
Kamtschatka and Dispensary,
Would make some spellere colicky.
Diphthong and Erysipelas,
And Etiquette and Sassafras,
Infallible and Ptyalism,
Allopathy and Rheumatism,
And Cataclysm and Beleaguer,
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 69
Twelfth, Eighteenth, Rendezvous, Intriguer,
And hosts of other words are found
On English and on Classic ground.
Thus Behring Straits and Michaelmas,
Thermopylae, Cordilleras,
Suite, Jalap, Hemorrhage, and Havana,
Ciuquefoil and Ipecacuanha,
And Rappahannock, Shenandoah,
And Schuylkill, and a thousand more,
Are words some first-rate spellers miss,
In Dictionary lauds like this,
IS^or need one think himself a Scroyle,
If some of these his efforts foil,
]Vor deem himself undone forever
To miss the name of either river ;
The Dnieper^ Seine, or Guadalquiver.
— Selected.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
HESLTH IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM,
BY D. L. ELLIS, PRINCIPAL FALLING CREEK ACADEMY.
NUMBER IV.
It would seem to a well-balanced mind that no argument
would be necessary to convince the most skeptical of the impor-
tance, yes, the pressing need, of physical exercise in the school-
room ; but, if we look at the facts in the case, we are constrained
to say that too much can hardly be said upon this important
topic — '' The Need of Physical Exercise as a Promoter of Health
in the School-room."
Man is a triune being — a creature .of complex attributes. He
has his spiritual, mental and physical natures, each entirely dis-
tinct, but all so perfectly in harmony with each other that any
70 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
neglect of one entails disease and suffering on the part of the
others. Now this must, in the very nature of things, be so; for,
owing to the peculiar yet wise provision of the Creator, one part
of our organism must receive its stimulus to action from its
accompanying organism — thus the mind furnishes the stimulus
to the physical part of our bodies, and vice versa.
We might, without much tension of the imagination, liken our
bodies to an engine, the physical part representing the outer
works of the engine, the intellect, the steam which gives power
to the machinery.
If the material of which the engine is constructed is weak,
the motive power is partly lost; or the engineer, aware of the
defects in his machine, dares not fill his furnaces with fuel, for
he knows that his boilers will not stand the pressure. So, if our
physical bodies, by neglect, are not properly develoj^ed, the intel-
lect— that grand motive power of the universe of matter — is, in
a great measure, . deprived of its energy ; or, if aware of our
ability, we are afraid to exert our minds to their full capacity
for fear of the consequences of such imprudence.
Intellectual training must not take precedence of physical
development. We lay this down as a physiological law, as fixed
as "the decree of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not."
All over our land we find schools of every grade, from the
"old field log school-house" to the grand university in which the
mind is to be trained; and every exertion is made — specialists
imported — methods are devised and improved — everything that
human ingenuity can do — to make the mind logical and sound.
We even go so far as to pass a national appropriation bill for the
education of the mind, but, mark you, not one cent is to be used
even for erecting buildings. But, on the other hand, what is
done for physical training? I may say, and not be going very
wide of the truth, nothing, with a big "N." How many schools
can you find in these United States where physical exercise is a
part of their curriculum? I venture to say that all could be
enumerated on the fingers of two hands, without repetition. Point
me to one where they have a complete gymnasium, and I will
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 71
show you five hundred where they have nothing but text-books,
to which the students stick like the grim tenacity of death to the
proverbial "' dead horse."
Why do we not have Normal Schools for the education of
physical as well as mental teachers? Simply because we Ameri-
cans, with all of our ingenuity and shrewdness, have not the
common sense to see the utilitv of the measure. Our colleges
and universities are every year flooding our land with intellectual
Solomons, who have just enough strength left to get to the station,
if they are carried in an omnibus, with their " hard-earned hon-
ors," take the train, get home and lie down to die. Why? Does
a fine intellect kill men ? If it does, may the Lord deliver us
from fine intellects ! Nay, verily ; but disregard of the plain
teachings of common sense does.
Does not every man or woman of any common sense at all know
that if he or she goes oflP to college and does nothing else but
study, that it will undermine the health ? Yes, they must know
it, they do know it; but they still do it. Why? Because no
provision is made by the colleges to cause them to take an inter-
est in physical exercise. Even in our common schools the same
state of things is noticeable. The boys and girls seem to vie
with each other as to who shall be the first to swallow their din-
ners— as the Latin has it, more cams — and run for a book, and
never think of such a thing as playing at recess. This thing is
kept up from the time the boy enters school till he steps oif the
stage with his collegiate degree, by which time, if he has not a
constitution of iron, he is a fit subject for the invalid's hotel, or
the grave-yard — most frecpieutly the latter.
There is a remedy — sure and simple — the only one that can be
effective. It is this : Every school must have a regular physical
department, and a fixed course of study in that department, con-
nected with it. The course of training must be obligatory, not
optional. The fully equipped gymnasium is just as much a
necessity in every college or university as the laboratory oi
museum. But some one rises to observe that in our commor
schools we cannot have a gymnasium. Well, my dear objector
72 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
if you can't have a full-fledged Olympus, you can have a race
track, on which you can require your boys to run at recess, or at
some special time during the daily session. If you can't do that,
get some man in the community to allow you to clear some of
his land, and I will wager that, by the time you have cleared a
few acres of rough land, your mind will devise some way of
furnishing exercise for your pupils, which, if it be not so eifect-
ive, will at least have more pleasant features connected with it
than felling trees, rolling logs and shrubl>ing.
But any sensible teacher will find no trouble in devising means
for physical exercise for his pupils. A few 8X10 scantling,
some iron rings, iron rods, and a few yards of strong hemp rope
are ample for making horizontal bars, swinging rings, jumping
posts, &c. This takes some money, it is true, but everyboy in
a school will help pay for the material, and any teacher ought to
be able to direct and help to put u]3 these aids to physical exercise.
For girls, in our country schools, any light calisthenic exercises
with wands or dumb-bells will prove very beneficial. Where we
need physical training most is in city schools and colleges, both
male and female; for when young ladies and gentlemen board
out they have nothing to do except study, and consequently they
get no exercise worth speaking of; while their ''country cousins,"
staying at home, usually have a good many chores to do after
school hours, furnishing abundant exercise.
We have spoken thus far of exercise for pupils, but the pupils
are not all that need exercise — our teachers are even more remiss,
as a rule, than their pupils. When one teaches all day, he is not
likely to feel very much disposed to exercise further; but it will
not do to let fatigue of the brain lead us to neglect our health.
When a teacher comes from his school-room, almost exhausted,
if he would take some vigorous exercise for an hour or so, he
would feel refreshed far more than if he had sat down and rested
for the same length of time. It matters little what kind of
exercise it is, just so it is a change from mental to physical.
Many teachers will buy clubs, dumb-bells, c'ec, with which to
exercise. That A^•ill do verv well, but in manv cases somethino-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 73
more profitable might be done; for instance, a good axe and a
large pile of good, hard wood will furnish profitable recreation
for the winter evenings ; and in summer the hoe is a good instru-
ment to while away — "stave off" — an hour or two.
We venture to say that an hour's vigorous practice with a four
pound axe will develop more muscle than two hours' play with
dumb-bells or Indian clubs, and also result in some good.
Of whatever kind it may be, physical exercise should take
place in the open air, so far as practicable; for fresh air is very
necessary, for w'hich reason walking is one of the best and most
convenient modes of exercising, provided we know how to walk.
No "snail pace" will do, if we wish to exercise by walking, but
instead, a good round gait of four or five miles an hour, to be
kept up as long as agreeable. For lady teachers, nothing can be
better tlian a brisk walk for an hour — throwing aside the
"mincing" gait of the city belles, who would think it a crime to
step further than six inches at a stride, and taking a bold step,
arms swinging and head erect.
The limits of an article of this kind forbid more than a bare
sketch of the principles involved, but it is to be hoped that "a
word to the wise is sufficient," and that it will not be long before
every school "in this fair land of ours" will have made some
provision for physical exercise, so that our schools may turn out
intellects of a high order of merit, and that these brilliant minds
may be held within physical bodies which shall have the strength
to support the workings of such great intellects.
This paper closes the series of articles. It is for the reader to
say whether any good has been accomplished. As was stated at
the outset, the object in writing the articles w^as not to invite
criticism, but that some good might be done thereby.
The writer hopes that these feeble efforts of his may lead some
more able champion to take up the pen in defence of " Health in
the School-room."
It is but justice to the writer to say that all the articles except
the last were written amid the stirring scenes of active school-
work, so that nothing elaborate has been attempted, either in
subject-matter or rhetoric.
74 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
SCHOOL OPENINGS.
Graham Normal College will open its fall session in a
spacious new building.
Shelby Female College, Rev. R. D. Mallaiy, Principal,
begins its fall term September 2.
Milton Female Seminary begins its fall session August
18th. Rev. T. U. Faucett is Principal.
Laurinburg High School, Prof, W. G. Quakenbush,
Principal, begins its eleventh session August 25.
LiNCOLNTON Graded and High School, Prof. D. Matt.
Thompson, opens the first Tuesday in September.
Greenville Male Academy will open September 1, under
the management of Mr. W. H. Ragsdale, Principal.
Monroe High School, under the principalship of Prof.
J. A. Monroe, A..M., opens its fall term September 1.
Hamilton Institute will open September 1, for male and
female, under the efficient management of Prof. John Duckett.
Miss W. M. Alexander will open the thirteenth session of
her High School for young ladies and girls at Lincolnton, Sep-
tember 1st.
Rev. S. R. Trawick, A. M., late of this State, will open a
high school for both sexes at Reedy Creek, Marion county, S.
C, September 1st.
Statesville Female College, Miss Fannie Everitt,
Principal, will begin its next session September 3, with a full
corps of able teachers in all departments.
Wilson Collegiate Institute, a strictly non-sectarian
school for young ladies, will open, under the skillful management
of Rev. S. Hassell, September 1st.
White Hall Seminary (three miles south of Concord)
will open October 1st, under the care of the Ladies' Board of
Missions of the Northern Presbyterian Church. Address J. B.
White, Concord.
THE NOETH CAEOLINA TEACHER, 75
Mrs. Gen. Wm. Pender will open the Pender School, at
Tarboro, September 12th.
Miss Bettie Warren will open the fall term of Greenville
Female School September 1st.
Pleasant Lodge Academy, in Alamance, has become such
an institution that a post-office has been established there. It is
called Pleasant Lodge.
Mt. St. Joseph's Female Academy at Hickory, Catawba
county, conducted by the Sisters of Mercy of the Catholic
Church, will open September 1st.
The Trustees of Farmington Academy, in l)avie county,
have enlarged their building. It is now 36 X 76, and will com-
fortably seat 150 pupils. Prof. Finch continues as principal of
the school.
Prof. B. W. Ray announces that the Louisburg High School
will open for male and female on September 8th. The college
buildings will be refurnished, and a full corps of highly accom-
plished teachers have been engaged.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS' ISSOCIITION.
The State Association of County Superintendents met at
Chapel Hill, July 2, 1884, and was in session two days. In the
absence of the President and Vice-Presidents, the Association
was called to order by Isham Royal, Secretary, who called
Superintendent A. L. Rucker to the chair.
There being but few members present, there was no election of
officers. Rev. J. L. Currie, 1st Vice-President, came in during
the meeting and took the chair.
Superintendent jS^. S. Smith, Corresponding Secretary, read
the answers from Superintendents and other educators to the cir-
ular-letter sent out by order of the last meeting.
4
76 THE ]S"ORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Superintendent N. S. Smith read a paper on the " School Law,
its Defects and Remedies."
Superintendent Isham Royal read a paper on "School Organ-
ization."
Superintendents B. F. Grady, Jr., N. S. Smith and Isham
Royal were appointed a committee to issue a circular to the County
Superintendents of the State, urging them to attend a called
meeting by the President.
The various subjects were discussed by the Superintendents
and visitors jjresent.
The Association adjourned to meet in Raleigh at the call of
the President.
Isham Royal, Secretary.
PRONOUNCING PUZZLE.
A western reading-room is I'esponsible for the following pro-
nunciation problem, which has puzzled every one trying it thus
far. Of twenty ministers and scholars to whom it was submitted
one day, not one read it correctly, the mistakes ranging from
seven to twenty-one. Try it.
"A sacrilegious son of Belial, who suifered from bronchitis,
having; exhausted his finances, in order to make good the deficit,
resolved to ally himself to a comely, lenient, and docile young
lady of the Malay or Caucasian race. He accordingly purchased
a calliope and a necklace of chameleon hue, and securing a suite
of rooms at a principal hotel, he engaged the head waiter as his
coadjutor. He then dispatched a letter of the most unexception-
able calligraphy extant inviting the young lady to a matinee.
She revolted at the idea, refusing to consider herself as sacrificable
to his wishes, and sent a polite note of refusal ; on receiving
which he procured a carbine and bowie-knife, saying that he
would not now forge letters hymeneal with the queen, went to au
isolated spot, severed his jugular vein and discharged the contents
of his carbine into his head, shattering the parietal bone. The
debris was removed by the coroner."
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 77
NE¥S AND NOTES.
The Edenton Academy was imroofed by a cyclone on the
26th of July.
Our neighbor, Spartanburg, S. C, is to have a graded school.
Congratulations.
An excellent academy building is being erected at Williams-
ton, to be in charge of Rev. Oscar Hightower.
The new recitation-room at Peace Institute has been
elegantly furnished with the "'New Fashion School Desk."
The Public School at Clayton, conducted by Rev. W. C.
Nowell and Mr. G. W. Jones, has an attendance of near one
hundred and fifty.
Next regular meeting of Lenoir County Teachers' Asso-
ciation meets at Kinston — in Kinston College — on Saturday,
September 14tli. Dr. R. H. Lewis, President.
Peace Institute, of Raleigh, is preparing to erect an observa-
tory upon the tojD of the building, and provide it with a $1,500
telescope.
Prof. A, H. Merritt has become editor of the Pittsboro
Home. Rev. P. R. Law, Superintendent of Public Instruction
for Chatham, will continue as assistant editor.
Elizabeth City has just erected a new academy building
with seating capacity for -four hundred. Prof. S. L. Sheep is
Principal of the school, and is now engaged in selecting a corps
of able assistants.
The Institute for the colored teachers of Pasquotank
county had an attendance of over forty teachers. Prof. Rooks
Turner, of Elizabeth City, and Prof. Wiley Lane, of Howard
University, were in charge.
The recent Guilford County Institute was the best ever held
in that county, and show^ed evidences of an educational "boom."
We congratulate friend Wharton, the enthusiastic County Super-
intendent, upon his success.
78 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The " Xew East Building " of St. Mary's School, designed
specially for the Kindergarten and Preparatory Department, is in
every way one of the best in the State. The elegant new cata-.
logue of this favorite institution is a model of beauty.
Rev. Drury Lacy, D. D., formerly President of Davidson
College, died suddenly at Jonesboro, August 1st. Like Enoch of
old, " he walked with God and was not, for God took him." He
was a ripe scholar, an eminent minister and a noble man —
"Whose footsteps seemed to touch the eartli
Only to mark the track that leads to Heaven."
A PROMINENT North Carolina school, in its Fall announce-
ment, says : " The system of instruction will be in harmony with
the plans and methods developed, with approval, at the Xorth
Carolina Teachers' Chautauqua, recently held at Hayw6od White
Sulphur Springs, and, as may be expedient, will be adopted by
the Principal, who was a member of that assembly." Thus it is
that the admirable work of the Assembly is to find its way into
every live school throughout the State.
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS.
Three of the women of the White House were graduated at
Salem Academy. Who were they?
Nine-tenths of the world's supply of mica comes from the
intermontane counties of North Carolina.
The first mail route established in the State was from Eden-
ton to Wilmington, via Bath and Newbern.
The highest town east of the Rocky Mountains is High-
lands— a neat little villao'e on the very crest of the Blue Rido-e —
in Macon county. Altitude 4,200 feet.
The first sermon preached in North Carolina (of which we
have a record) was in 1672, at Jonathan Phelps' house — where
the town of Hertford now stands — by George Fox, the founder
of Quakerism.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY,
PROCEEDINGS,
Haywood White Sulphur Springs (Near Waynesville),
Wednesday, June 18, 1884.
FIRST DAY MORNING SESSION.
At 3 P. M. yesterday over three himdred teachers and friends
of education arrived at the Haywood, White Sulphur Springs,
the place selected for the "Chautauqua" meeting. After a good
night's rest, which thoroughly refreshed the visitors, at 11 o'clock
this morning the party assembled in the dining-room of the
hotel for the purpose of organizing.
Some introductory remarks upon the great success of the enter-
prise and the nature of the gathering were offered by the editor
of the Teacher, after which, upon motion. Prof. J. J. Fray,
of Raleigh, was selected as temporary chairman.
The chairman called the assembly to order, and stated that the
next step towards organization was the appointment of tempo-
rary secretary, whereupon Eugene G. Harrell, of Raleigh, was
chosen for the position.
Prof. Alex. Mclver, of Carbonton, by request, stated the
object of this great meeting of North Carolina educators. The
speaker ,said :
Mr. Chairman: — I thank you for the honor which you do me in asking me to
explain the object of this meeting. I can but regret, however, that you had not
conferred that honor upon some one more competent to the task. I accidentally
heard of the meeting only two or three weeks ago, and understood that it was an
educational meeting in the mountain section of the State, so that the teachers
might enjoy the mountain scenery and recupei-ate their energies with mountain
air, water and exercise, and thus add pleasure to business. The object of the
meeting, so far as it is educational, is to promote the best and highest interests of
North Carolina. It can be nothing less than this. It is not the mountains of
Western North Carolina, with all their glory and splendor, that constitute the
State — it is not the plain nor the hill land — the climate, the soil, the mineral
wealth, nor other natural resources — all these were here centuries ago. It is
80 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
men — high minded men and women — that constitute the State. Whatever tends
to ennoble the character, to inculcate higher views of life and duty, must tend to
promote the best interest of the State. The fact is fully recognized that educa-
tion lies at the foundation of the material prosperity and welfare of every com-
munity. The educational system of a community is a fair exponent of what that
community will be. Not only so, but intelligence is the condition of freedom.
Unless the people who vote are educated, they will become the dupes and the
victims of demagogues and unprincipled ambition.
I think it was in the latter part of the seventeenth centui-y that the Scotch
patriot, Fletcher, of Saltoun, was so overwhelmed with the spectacle of the
misery and wretchedness of his countrymen that he wrote a pamphlet in which
he recommended personal slaverj' as the only way to compel the common people
to go to work.
A short time after the appearance of this pamphlet the Scotch Parliament
passed the act to establish schools. The history of the vyorld does not furnish
an instance of greater improvement in the condition of a people than took place
in Scotland under the influence of these schools. In spite of the sterile soil and
inclement air, Scotland became a prosperous and thrifty country. Wherever the
Scotchman went he carried with him signs of intellectual improvement ; in what-
ever business he engaged he was found among the foremost ; mix him up as you
might with other people, he would rise to the top. No one now denies that the
prosperity of Scotland is due to her system of public education.
The history of Prussia furnishes another instance of the influence of education
in developing the material prosperity of a people. That country was reduced to
the greatest extremity by the wars of the First Napoleon. At the battle of
Jena her whole military force was annihilated. Napoleon took up his quarters in
Berlin, emptied the arsenal and stripped the capital of all the works of art which
had been collected there, and the King of Prussia was deprived of one-half of
his dominions. A French army of 200,000 men was quartered upon the Prus-
sians. Prussia had to pay to France one hundred and twenty millions of francs
after her principal sources of income had been taken from her bj' the con-
queror. In addition an army had to be created by Prussia, bridges were to be
rebuilt and ruined fortifications in everj' quarter repaired. So great was the
public calamity that the Prussian ladies, with noble generosity, sent their orna-
ments and jewels to supply the royal treasury. But it is the pride of Prussia
that at the time of her greatest distress she never for a moment lost of the work
of education.
The Minister of Public Instruction on one occasion wrote to some teachers
who were in Switzerland attending a teachers' school under Pestalozzr, and said:
"I beg you to believe, and to assure Mr. Pestalozzi, that the cause of education is
the interest of the government, and of His Majesty the King personally, who
are convinced that liberation from extraordinary calamities is to be effected only
by a thorough improvement in the education of the people."
I think the teachers assembled here can do much to promote the cause of edu-
cation in this State. The impulse which that cause has already received is due
largely to the influence of teachers. Eight years ago the Commissioners of
Guilford coimty, at the request of the County Examiner, made an appropriation
and appointed a Superintendent for a Normal to be held in trreensboro. Seventy-
five teachers or more attended that Normal. They organized themselves into a
Teachers' Association. That Teachers' Association appointed a committee to
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 81
memorialize the Legislature to make some provision for the education and training
of teachers in the State. The committee corresponded with President Battle, of
the State University, in reference to organizing a Normal Department in the
University. He approved the plan. The committee then drew up their memo-
rial to the General Assembly. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction
(Scarborough) and Governor "Vance gave it their most hearty approval. The
Legislature passed the act making an appropriation of two thousand dollars a
year for a Normal Dejtartment in the University, and a similar appropriation for
establishing a Normal School for colored teachers.
President Battle and the State Board of Education, in pursuance of this act,
established a Summer Normal School at Chapel Hill for the education of all
engaged in teaching or intending to teach.
The three or four hundred teachers collected every year in this school from all
parts of the State organized themselves into the North Carolina Teachers' Asso-
ciation, and from time to time appointed committees to memorialize the Legislature
on the subject of improving the public school system in North Carolina. Public
sentiment has been moulded by these appeals from the teachers ; education,
public and private, has advanced and will advance ; the work will go on till
North Carolina, redeemed and regenerated, will be found doing for her children
as much as any State in the Union. Nothing that has occurred in the recent
legislation in the State can be regarded as reactionary or adverse. The teachers
have abundant reason to take courage and go on. I thank you for your attention.
Maj. W. W. Stringfield, owner of the Springs, then addressed
the Assembly in stirring and hearty words of welcome. He said :
J/r. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: — It affords me very great pleasure to
meet you here to-day, to greet you, and to bid you welcome to this, our beautiful
land of the sky.
In my own behalf as a citizen — and as a representative man of the mountains —
as the Principal of the Waynesville High School, and in behalf of this place,
the "Haywood White Sulphur Springs," in fact in behalf of everybody and
everything around us, I bid you a hearty, earnest and joyous welcome.
It is indeed a happy and fortunate day for us here, that brings such a company
of cultivated Christian educators to our midst. It is an honor and a compliment
that we will try to duly appreciate.
W^e regret our inability to make your stay among us as pleasant and comfortable
in many respects as some of our older and more fortunate neighboring towns
could have done, as we are now just getting " out of the woods."
We quite recently welcomed the "iron horse" to our midst, and we now feel
prouder than ever of our " grand old North State," bound together as we are by
those great iron bands of social and commercial intercourse. Let us, therefore,
as sons and daughters of a grand old State, pledge ourselves, now and hereafter,
to double our diligence, renew our vows and in every proper and honorable way
work with and for each other, and for our common countrj', and to blot from the
records of the day those humiliating marks of illiteracy against us as a State.
Please excuse me for referring to myself personally. As a member of the last
Legislature of North Carolina, I felt in honor bound to advocate every reasona-
ble and just measure looking to the expurgation of those humiliating tokens of
82 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
ignorance and vice. I felt it my dutj' then, as I shall hereafter, to use every
reasonable effort to bring the State up to a higher plane and standard of educa-
tion. You, my friends ; you, the teachers of North Carolina youth ; you who
have the moulding of character, who to a very gi-eat extent control the desti-
nies of the children and the entire citizenship of our State, I say that you have a
care and responsibility upon your shoulders that you cannot, j'ou dare not ignore.
The times demand advanced steps in all our educational matters. Let this
convention send forth no uncertain sound ; take no step backward ; ' ' forward, ' ' all
along the line, is the command of gallant officers, and will be the watch-word of
the brave, self-denying and conscientious teachers of North Carolina, three
hundred of whose faces are nodding assent to the sentiment here to-day.
As I propose to make you a very witty speech to-day, from the stand-point that
" brevity is the soul of wit," I will close by again bidding you all, individually
and collectivelj', a hearty welcome to our mountain home.
Prof. H. W. Reinhart, of Thomasville, in behalf of these gath-
ered representatives of one of North Carolina's clearest interests
(education), replied most feelingly and happily to the welcome
which had just been extended. The speaker's pleasant, sincere
and enthusiastic words elicited frequent outbursts of heartiest
apj)lause. He spoke in most complimentary terms of the great
dignity of the teachers' calling, and of the many opportunities
which the school-room presented for imparting to their pupils
the foundations of moral and intellectual excellence which should
stand firm throughout eternity. His gallant and tender allusion
to the great pride which North Carolina feels, particularly in
regard to her noble female teachers, was exceedingly appropriate
to the time and occasion; and found ready endorsement in every
manly heart. He returned thanks for the cordial ^velcome
which had been extended.
On motion, the following committees were appointed :
PERMANENT ORGANIZATION.
H. W. Reinhart, Thomasville; H. L. Smith, Selma; H. H.
Williams, LaGrange; J. W. Starnes, Asheville; J. M. Weath-
erly, Salisbury.
CONSTITUTION AND LA^VS.
E. G. Harrell, Raleigh; Hugh Morson, Raleigh; R. S.
Arrowood, Concord.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. » 83
PROGRAMME,
I. L. Wright, Thomasville; Ira Turlingtou, Elevation; E.
C. Branson, Mnrfreesboro, Tenn. ; Miss Laurali A¥ood, La-
Grange; Miss Nina McDowell, Toisnot.
The Secretary then called the roll as far as made, for the pur-
pose of additions and corrections; after which a Committee on
Enrollment was appointed, consisting of Will H. Sanborn,
Lenoir ; C. P. Frazier, Bush Hill ; Miss Jennie Faison, Raleigh.
This committee was to assist the Secretary in perfecting the list of
attendants.
At this stage of the proceedings the Secretary stated that one
of the most desirable objects to be attained by this meeting was
that all these teachers should become well acquainted with one
another, so that the other business might be attended to in a
familiar and social manner. He therefore hoped that all farther
formalities and unnecessary ceremonies of introduction would be
at once waived, and that each one would take advantage of this
general introduction.
Rev. N. B. Cobb, of Ne^vton, cordially endorsed this general
introduction arrangement, " for we are here to get acquainted, so
let it be done at once and we will all be greatly pleased." He
added some humorous remarks concerning a " committee of the
whole upon introductiou," which were received with hearty
laughter.
The assembly then adjourned to meet at 4 o'clock P. M., in the
Baptist Church at Waynesville. Immediately after adjournment
the business of general acquaintance begun and succeeded so
admirably that in a few hours the assembly had the appearance
of a great, pleasant family of brothers and sisters, each ready and
willing to contribute to the utmost towards the enjoyment and
profit of all others.
5
84 THE NOETH CAEOLINA TEACHER.
FIEST DAY AFTERNOON SESSION,
At 4 o'clock the assembly met in the Baptist Church at
Waynesvillg. The large attendance of teachers was supplemented
by a fine turnout on the part of the citizens of the town.
The meeting was called to order by the Chairman, and prayer
was offered by Rev. W. E. Mcllwaine, pastor of the Presbyterian
Church at Waynesville. The prayer was exceedingly appro-
priate to the objects of the meeting, and the sincere and fervent
utterances in behalf of the teachers and pupils in the State found
an echo in every heart.
The Committee on organization reported in favor of the fol-
lowing permanent officers :
President, John J. Fray, of Raleigh ; Secretary, Eugene G.
Harrell, of Raleigh ; Assistant Secretary, W. W. Stringfield, of
Waynesville; Treasurer, R, S. Arrowood, of Concord,
The report was unanimously adopted and the committee con-
tinued for selecting Vice-Presidents and Executive Committee.
Each of the officers elected offered a few brief and appropriate
remarks of acceptance.
The Committee on Constitution submitted a partial report,
embracing three articles of a constitution. The first article
reconmiended a name for the organization as follows: "The
North Carolina Teachers' Mont Repose Assembly." This
name was suggestive of permanently locating the Assembly at
White Sulphur Springs and improving property for uses of the
annual sessions. Objection was made as to fixing a location
thus early in the session, and an interesting discusssion of the
question then followed. Prof. H. W, Reinhart earnestly urged
the importance of leaving the matter of permanent location open
until the next annual meeting, in t)rder that all the advantages
of other points might be duly considered. He moved to strike
out " IN-tont Repose " from the name. The committee accepted
the amendment. Upon ballot, it M^as carried by a vote of 38 to
18, and the organization will henceforth be known as the "North
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 85
Carolina Teachers' Assembly." The remaining articles of the
constitution were then referred to the committee for the purpose
of making them conform to the new name.
Upon report of the Committee on Programme, it was decided
to hold one session each day (except Sundays) from 10 a. ^r. to
1 o'clock p. M., with two topics for discussion at each meeting,
and the debate to be opened by two appointed speakers. The
afternoons to be given to rest, recreation and sight-seeing, and
the evenings to musical and literary exercises. Upon the adop-
tion of this order of exercises, a very spirited discussion fol-
lowed upon "time to be allowed each speaker." Remarks were
offered by H. H. Williams, G. D. Ellsworth, H. W. Reinhart,
Alex. IMcIver, I. L. Wright and E. C. Branson, and a compro-
mise motion was adopted fixing the time for opening speeches at
twenty minutes, and those following at ten minutes.
By request, Mr. J. W. Starnes, County Superintendent of
Buncombe, then addressed the Assembly upon the educational
status of the western portion of the State. He hailed this grand
gathering of teachers with delight, and welcomed them cordially
to the western country of North Carolina. "I know that each
one here feels a deep interest in the welfare of his fellow-teachers,
and for the glorious work in which we are engaged. From the
many cheerful faces of North Carolina's literati, I feel that the
proverbial ' Rip Van Winkle ' has been taken with a mighty
waking up, and not among the "moonshiners" of the Catskill
Mountains, but by the rippling brooks beneath the shadows and
in the wholesome air of our proud old Pisgah." He stated that
the entire western country was making rapid strides onward in
this cause, and that his county had specially made many advances
in school matters during recent years. The motto seemed to be
" Good schools and good teachers," and every teacher was striving
to attain this.
The Assembly then adjourned till 10 o'clock to-morrow.
86
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY.
John J. Fray, Raleigh.
v'^. G. Harrell, Raleigh.
Hugh Morson, Raleigh.
H. A. Latham, Chapel Hill.
J. F. PaiTott, Kinston.
I. L. Chestnutt. Farmville.
W. T. Lyon, Berea.
L. Woodleaf, Raleigh.
R. D. Blacknall, Durham.
Nathan Stanly, Goldsboro.
A. W. Long, Chapel Hill.
D. A. Sugg, Snow Hill.
David M. Vernon, Leaksville.
Owen Dale, Snow Hill.
Charles M. Sugg, Snow Hill.
J. H. Hamilton, Waynesville.
George A. Grimsley, Kinston.
L. L. Hargrave, Snow Hill.
R. A. P. Cooley, Raleigh.
E. L. Miller, Kinston.
Collier Cobb, Wilson,
W. H. Cobb, Goldsboro.
Reese Barham, Hicksford, Va.
H. M. Gates, Williams' Mill.
H. L. Smith, Selma.
Z. V. Peed, Rogers' Store.
Ira T. Turlington, Elevation.
L. H. Ross, Edwards' Mill.
C. W. Corriher, Glenwood.
T. W. Woodall, Elevation.
H. W. Foltz, Winston.
J. D. Winston, Nashville.
E. C. Branson, Wilson.
A. L. Betts, Winslow.
Rev. W. B. Harrell, Big Lick. ^
J. A. Campbell, Winslow.
J. C. Taylor, Toisnot.
Albert Horton, Farmville.
R. L. Davis, Farmville.
S. E. Eure, Black Creek.
J. R. Hicks, Eagle Rock.
H. J. Stockard, Graham.
S. A. Holleman, Elm Grove.
Z. D. McWhorter, Greenville.
G. D. Ellsworth, Henderson.
J. W. Gilliam, Morton's Store.
F. P. Wyche, Laurel Hill.
^ William T. Gray, Tarboro.
^ C. P. Frazier, Bush Hill.
W. H. Dixon, Toisnot.
William Bobbins, Trinity College.
Theodoi-e Hobgood, Asheville.
R. L. DeLea, Atlanta, Ga.
Leon H, Pender, Tarboro.
J. M. Weatherly, Salisbury.
Rev. J. W. Starnes, Asheville
Rev. R. A. Sentell, Waynesville.
W. W. Stringfield, Waynesville.
W. L. Norwood, Waj'nesville.
Rev. N. B. Cobb, Hickory.
S. C. Vann, Franklinton.
Will H. Sanborn, Lenoir.
C. W. Smedes, Raleigh.
J. W. Thackston, Raleigh.
Rev. T. U. Faucett, Milton.
S. J. Shelton, Waynesville.
J. M. Moody, Waynesville,
W. A. Herren, Waynesville.
F. M. Messer, Fines Creek.
M. L. Rickman, West's Mill.
W. H. Osboi-ne, Asheville.
J. M. Hill, Salisbury.
J. N. Benners, Waynesville.
James M. Gwyu, Springdale.
W. L. Seacrest, Waynesville.
W. B. Phillips, Norwood.
J. B. Flora, Elizabeth City.
W. G. Sharp, Toisnot.
W. S. Ferguson, Waynesville.
Rev. G. D. French, Waynesville.
Rev. W. E. Mcllwaine, Waynesville.
Rev. E. Allison, Brevard.
G. W. Sparger, Mt, Airy.
H. H. Williams, LaGrange.
T. C. Buchanan, Charleston.
J. C. L. Gudger, Waynesville.
G. M. Whitson, Asheville.
J. R. Rust, Raleigh.
D. A. McGregor, Wadesboro.
, R. A. L. Hyatt, Waynesville.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
87
M. VVoodleaf, Youngsville.
W. D. Ray, New Light.
W. E. Cannaday, Wilton.
W. J. Ferrell, AVakefield.
Dr. W. I. Royster, Raleigh.
S. H. Cannaday, Wilton.
Oscar T. Smith, Durham.
Charles L. Smith, Durham.
Albert Anderson, Middleburg.
D. S. Waitt, Raleigh.
John Purefoy, Wake Forest.
C. S. Cashwell, Kinston.
T. J. Hadley, Wilson.
B. F. Nunn, Kinston.
B. W. Ray, Louisburg.
Samuel Herring, Asheville.
George E. Leonard, Lexington.
W. C. Winkle, Wilkesboro.
I. L. Wright, Thomasville.
H. W. Reinhart, Thomasville.
R. S. Arrowood, Concord
R. O. Holt, Oak Ridge.
Alexander Mclver, Corbonton.
Rev. J. E. Osborne, Statesville.
N. R. Strickland, Wilson.
A. R. Johnson, Marion.
H. W. Spinks, Albemarle.
C. B. Denson, Pittsboro.
E. M. Goodwin, Kinston.
C. M. Carpenter, Tito.
H. T. Farmer, Franklin.
D. T. Towles, Crabtree.
D. H. Pless, Springdale.
Rev. P. R. Law, Pittsboro.
R. Bingham, Bingham School.
J. L. Tomlinson, Winston.
Dr. R. H. Lewis, Kinston.
E. P. Moses, Goldsboro.
J. B. Neathery, Raleigh.
Rev. John E. Kelly, Union Church.
I. C. Blair, Raleigh.
JohnE. Dugger, Warrentou.
J. A. Monroe, Monroe.
Rev. R. L. Abernethy, Rutherf d College.
Washington Catlett, Wilmington.
F. P. Hobgood, Oxford.
L. W. Bagiey, Wake Forest.
S. P. Tharpe, Smithville.
Rev. B. Smedes, Raleigh.
John B. Burwell, Raleigh.
W. J. Young, Raleigh.
A. Baumann, Raleigh.
George O. Mitchell, Raleigh.
F. H. Busbee, Raleigh.
Eugene L. Harris, Raleigh.
Rev. B. G. Marsh, Troy.
W. H. Page, Raleigh.
Charles D. Mclver, Winston.
W. D. Mclver, LaGrange.
Mrs.
Gen. Wm. Pender, Tarboro.
K. M. Erwin, Morganton.
J. E. Osborne, Statesville.
J. B. Williams, Durham.
J. B. Flora, Elizabeth City.
Laura A. Weatherly, Salisbury.
Nannie Weatherly, Greensboro.
Lucy H. Robertson, Greensboro.
Lil}' Hyatt, Waynesville.
E. C. Chastian, Waynesville.
L. J. RatelilT, Waynesville.
Mary A. Faucett, Milton.
A. A. Howell, Waynesville.
L. J. Holt, Oak Ridge.
Sam. Herring, Asheville.
Mrs. Nathan Stanly, Goldsboro.
" T. J. Hadley, Wilson.
" Hugh Morson, Raleigh.
" D. S. Waitt, Raleigh.
" Sallie Wood, LaGrange.
" A. R. Wortham, Henderson.
" W. I. Royster, Raleigh.
" T. J. Ogburn, Winston.
" H. W. Foltz, Winston.
" A. M. Zimmerman, Pittsboro.
" William Pennell, New Berne.
" Joel Kinsey, New Berne.
" L. W. Norwood, Chapel Hill.
" Sadie F. Blacknall, Durham.
" Will H. Sanborn, Lenoir.
Mrs. F. P. Hobgood, Oxford.
Miss M. Addie Kirkpatrick, LaGrange. Miss Fannie D. Wooten, Kinston.
Eunice McDowell, Scotland Neck.
Sallie Speed, Scotland Neck.
Mary F. Dickson, Morganton.
Lizzie Moore, Morganton.
88
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Miss Lena Smith, Scotland Neck.
" .Rebecca Shields, Scotland Neck.
" Lula A. Speed, Laurel.
" Bessie T. Fanning, Durham.
" Dora T. Fanning, Durham.
" Eva E. Cos, Durham.
" Annie J. Speed, Laurel.
" Bettie F. Blacknall, Kittrell.
" Hattie Cousins, Oxford.
" Annie L. Smith, Leaksville.
" Lizzie Biddle, New Berne.
" Annie E. Johns, Leaksville.
" Annie L. McDougald, Snow Hill.
" Sallie A. Grimsley, Snow Hill.
" Laura Bryan, Kinston.
" E. V. Carter, Murfreesboro.
" Anna H. Darden, Murfreesboro.
" Annie E. Thompson, Pittsboro.
" Carrie H. Ihrie, Pittsboro.
" Fannie E. Thompson, Pittsboro.
" Carrie M. Jackson, Pittsboro.
" Daisj' Denson, Pittsboro.
" Sallie J. Hill, Pittsboro.
" Emma Y. Welsh, 'Kinston.
" Lula Pittman, Kinston.
" Fannie Cobb, Chapel Hill.
" Mary Cobb, Goldsboro.
" Lillian Branson, Raleigh.
" Jennie Faison, Raleigh.
" Nettie Marshall, Raleigh
" Kate McKimmon, Raleigh.
" M. Florence Slater, Raleigh.
" Pattie Litchford, Raleigh.
" Lula Riddle, Raleigh.
" Grace Bates, Raleigh.
" Juliett Sutton, Raleigh.
" Kate Sutton, Raleigh.
" Lelia Belcher, Raleigh.
" Laurah Wood, LaGrange.
" Mary T. Pescud, Nashville, Tenn.
" Cynthia D. TuU, Kinston.
" Amelia A. Hardie, Kinston.
" Emma Blacknall, Kittrell.
Miss Mary R. Goodloe, Asheville.
" Addie V. Marsh, Wilson.
" M. Helen Betfs, Morrisville,
" Eva C. Puett, Lenoir.
" Clara Ivey, Lenoir.
" S. C. Anderson, Springdale.
" N. DeLuke Blair, Monroe.
" Annie Moore, Goldsboro.
" Ella Sherrod, Goldsboro.
" Maggie Smith, Goldsboro.
" Maggie B. Strickland, Wilson.
" Nina McDowell, Toisnot.
" Ella Ross, Albemarle,
" Eva Price, Albemarle.
" Lillian Lea, Rocky Mount.
" Fannie Ferguson, Waynesville.
•' Inez Gudger, Waynesville.
" MoUie Ector, Waynesville.
" Eugenia H. Bumpass, Greensboro.
" Emma Baj'nes, Greensboro.
" Mamie Sherwood, Greenboro.
" Laura Clement, Mocksville.
" Eliza Pool, Oxford.
" Mary Peters, Portsmouth, Va.
" TemiDy Williams, Oxford.
" M. V. Woodward, Spartanb'g, S. C.
" V. M. Woodward, Spartanb'g, S. C.
" Lou Morgan, Asheville.
'' Nannie Davis, Newport, Tenn.
" Mary Hyatt, Quallatown.
" Roxie Allen, Waynesville.
" Mary Rogers, Waynesville.
" Annie Ferguson, Sandy Mush.
" MoUie Gillespie, Elizabethtown.
'• Jane C. Wade, Rutherford College.
" Lucy Jurney, Mooresville.
" Annie J. Goodloe, Marion.
" Fannie Everitt, StatesviUe.
" Maria Nash, Hiilsboro.
" Emma Scales, Greensboro.
" Fannie S. Myi'ick, Murfreesboro.
" Annie Blacknall, Kittrell.
" Lucy Blacknall, Kittrell.
The list will be completed in uext issue.
All teachers and friends of eductition who desire to become
members of the Assembly should send their names to the Secre-
tary at Raleigh. The benefits of the uext session, as well as the
enjoyment, wall be great, and ever}' teacher ought to attend.
EDITORIAL.
IN EDUCfiTIONSL CAPITAL,
When the Teachers' Assembly fixes upon a place of permanent
location at some beautiful and healthful mountain spot, and erects
commodious and convenient buildings for its uses, its grounds
will then become the eclucational capital of North Carolina.
Year by year its privileges and influences will widen ; its attend-
ance will STOW from hundreds into thousands and the work of
this annual gathering of the foremost teachers of the State will
make our beloved North Carolina foremost of all the Southern
States in educational progress. We have in our State many great
minds and willing hands that are anxious to aid in building up
their State's educational resources, and with this hearty co-opera-
tiou in the grand work, there is no reason wdiy our teachers'
delightful mountain park should not become as well-known,
popular and useful as the famous Chautauqua of the North.
We want the catalogue of every school in North Carolina.
Teachers desiring positions will please notify the editor of
The Noeth Carolina Teacher.
Several excellent articles were received too late for this
issue, and they will appear in the next.
Teachers will please notify us of all changes, and keep us
posted as to the progress of their schools.
The Teacher tenders its sympathy to Hon. J. C. Scarborough,
State Superintendent of Instruction, on the death of his infant
daughter, Mamie Leone. ''It is well with the child."
90 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
We need a few. copies of the July number of The Teacher
to supply the clemaud, and we will extend two months the sub-
scriptions of all who will send us a copy of the July number.
Write your name on the wrapper when you mail the magazine.
The friends of education in Franklin county held an '' Edu-
cational Pic Nic" at Louisburg on the 7th of August. Addresses
were delivered by Capt. C. B. Densou, and Hon. J. C. Scarborough,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction. A bountiful dinner
was spread in the Academy grove by the ladies, and the good
people of the county spent a pleasant and profitable day.
What is the matter with the boys and girls? Not a single
one has sent us a correct solution to the mathematical problem
published in the July Teacher. Several solutions have been
received and all show careful work, but we are sorry to say that
not one was correct. We will extend the time for winning the
prize for another month, and will give a nice box of stationery
to each boy and girl under fifteen years old, who will send the
first correct answers.
Shaffer's New Township Map of North Carolina has been
sent to the engraver. The following five counties have filled to
send their township lines — Macon, Buncombe, Madison, Duplin
and Tyrrell. It will be too bad for these important counties to
be simply outlined on the map when all the other counties are so
perfect, but such will certainly be the case unless some person in
each of the delinquent counties will see that the township bound-
aries are forwarded at once. Will not the County Superintend-
ents attend to this matter in the interest of their counties?
One of the greatest needs in our school system is a '' County
Board of Education," which shall be separate and distinct from
the board of County Commissioners. It is hardly to be expected
that the Commissioners, who have to levy taxes, build bridges,
feed the poor, keep up the roads, etc., should have much time to
give to educational matters. This important duty ought ther-e-
fore to be assigned to a special board, composed of the most prom-
inent and intelligent citizens of the county, who shall hold regular
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 91
niontlilv meetiuo-s aud transact all business tending: toward the
advancement of education in the county. Will not our next
Legislature give us this special "Board of Education."
Mr. J. R. Wharton, Superintendent of Public Instruction
for Guilford county, has just closed a highly successful County
Institute. During the session seventy-five public school teachers
were j^resent, and the daily average was about fifty. Lectures
were delivered by Prof. Woody, of IN^ew Garden, on Teaching;
Prof. Oscar Holt, on the Advantages of the Study of the Classics ;
Prof. H. L. Smith, on Winds, Ocean Currents, Coral Islands,
<tc. ; Prof. Martin Holt, on Astronomy and Mathematical Astron-
omy ; Judge R. P. Dick, on the " Foundation Building." There
were also readings Ijy Prof. Doub, Prof. Holt, Miss Reynolds, a
graduate of Nashville Normal College, and recitations by Miss
Johnson and Miss Bettie Ball.
School Committeemen should see that the Public School-
houses are put in thorough repair for the winter schools. See
that the floors are made tight; the window glass put in; that the
stove is all right, that the pipe does not smoke, and a supply of
wood is in place and cut. See that the old blackboard is
repainted aud new ones put in, if necessary. You can't have
too much blackboard space. If there are any leaks in the roof
of the building, have them stopped. If the seats are broken,
have them mended or new ones made. See that the small chil-
dren have low seats, so they can rest their feet on the floor. If
you want a good school, have all these little things attended to,
then get a good, live teacher, and you will be surprised at the
progress of the children. Try it.
At the Chapel Hill Normal School a "Teachers' Reading
Circle" was organized through the efforts of our friend W. H.
Page, editor of the State Chronicle. A large number of teachers
have joined the circle, which has been named the "Chronicle" in
compliment to its originator, and we desire to specially commend
this organization to all our readers, as a most valuable aid in a
6
92 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
systematic search for literary information. The first year's
course comprises the following publications :
NordhafF's Politics for Young Americans 75 cts.
McCarthy's History of Oui' Own Times, 2 vols 40 "
Smiles' Self-Help 20 "
Lamb's Tales from Shakspeare, 2 vols 50 "
Buckley's Fairy Land of Science SI 25
Ruskin's Frondes Agrestes 15 cts.
Shairp's Life of Robert Burns 20 "
Thackery's Henry Esmond 15 "
Hughes' Manliness of Christ 10 "
They can all be purchased at Messrs. Alfred Williams & Co.'s
Bookstore, and will be sent by mail, post-paid, at the prices men-
tioned. Join the Reading Circle and send your name to Mr. W.
H. Page, of Raleigh, who is secretary, and he will send y(»u a
certificate of membership.
PERSONS! MENTION.
Rev. R. E. Peelk will teach at Sutton.
Mr. a. R. Morgan has a first rate school at Troyville.
Prof. W. A. Flynt has a flourishing school at Dalton.
Mr. R. J. Davis is Principal of Jonesboro High School.
Miss Mary Blair is teaching a public school at Monroe.
Mr. G. W. Belk is teaching at Oak Forest, Union county.
Mr. T. Spencer is teaching near Middleton, Hyde county.
Col. G. G. Luke is teaching school at Camden Court House.
Mr. Emmett Sadler is teaching at Nebraska, Hyde county.
Mr. Len. Henderson has opened a school for boys at Oxford.
Miss N. De Luke Blair is teaching at Monroe, Union county.
Mr. Hardy H. Phelps is Assistant Principal of Trinity Sciiool.
Mrs. W. p. Midgett is teaching at Lake Landing, Hyde county.
Mr. L. E. Quinn is Assistant Principal of Gastonia High School.
Mrs. Saras Russell is teaching at Swan Quarter, Hyde county.
Miss Kate Hanks, of Pittsburo, will continue her primary school.
Mr. S. W. Outerbridge is Assistant Principal of Hamilton Institute.
Miss Thenie Williams is Assistant Principal of Farmville Academy.
Mr. S. C. Lindsay is building up an admirable school at Kernersville.
Miss Esther Bolick teaches the Primarv Class in Gaston Hig-h School.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 93
Rev. N. C. Hughes, Jr., is Vice-Principal of Trinity School, Beaufort Co.
Miss Lucy Jurney, of Mooresville, is spending her vacation at Beaufort.
Mrs. a. E. Bell is teaching at Sawyer's Creek Academy, Camden county.
Prof. T. P. Wynn has been re-elected Principal of Polloksville Academy.
Miss Laura Belle Clarke has opened a school at Horse Cove, Macon
county.
Miss Sallie A. Grimsley has a good sciiool at "Grimsley Park," near
Snow Hill.
Mr. J. H. Hamilton will become a student at Nashville Normal College
in October.
Miss Molly Hadly cf)ntemplates opening a school at Cerro Gordo, Colum-
bus county.
Miss Mary Goodloe, of Asheville, is summering at Blowing Rock, Wa-
tauga county.
Mrs. Preyo and daughter, of Petersburg, propose to open a female school
at Garysburg.
Miss Lou Purcell will open her school at Laurinburg, Richmond county,
September 1st.
Prof. Henry E. Shepherd, of Charleston, S. C, is spending the summer
at Chapel Hill.
Miss Mary Belle McKoy, a graduate of Peace Institute, is teaching in
Harnett county.
Prof. T. S. "Whittington is Principal of Union''High School, East Bend,
Yadkin county.
Miss Amaxda Green, of Caldwell county, is one of the faculty of Moravian
Falls Academy.
Mr. E. F. Atkinson, of Wayne county, has charge of Bethel Academy,
near Kenansville.
Prof. J. F. Broaver, A. M., is Principal of Rock Spring Seminary, Den-
ver, Lincoln county.
Miss Hattie Parker, of Raleigh, has just opened a piromising school at
Varina, Wake county.
Mrs. L. E. Duncan assumes charge of the Art Department in the Southern
Normal at Lexington.
Miss Fannie E. Thompson, of Pitlsboro, has a good school rear Chalk
Level, Harnett county.
Mr. E. Y. Perry, late of Franklin county, is Principal of Trenton Male
Academy, Jones county.
Prof. M. H. Moore, A. B., of Wcffcrd College, is Principal of Long Pine
Academy, Anson county.
Miss Bessie Martin, of Shoe Heel, is Assistant Principal of Long Pine
Academy, Anson county.
Miss S. A. Barrow, a graduate of St. Mary's, New Jersey, is second assist-
ant in Hamilton Institute.
94 THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Mrs. F. Morrow will open her Home S'ciiqo! for young ladies and children
at Statesville, Augnst 27th.
Miss Mary B. Seavey will take charge of the intermediate grades in
Clinton Collegiate Institute.
Miss Florence L. Chase, for two years music teacher in Claremont Col-
lege, Hickory, has resigned.
Rev. Wm. Brunt, A. M., and wife, will open the White Oak Academy in
Bladen county, September 1st.
Mrs. Parker and Miss Armpield will re-open their school for boys and
girls at Laurinburg, vVugust 25.
Mrs. W. F. Eowlaxd is conducting a very successful select home-school
for young ladies at Henderson.
Miss Helen Betts, of Morrisville, has accepted a position as assistant
teacher in Louisburg Academy.
Miss Mattie Palmer will teach vocal and instrumental music in the
Southern Normal at Lexington.
Mr. J. B. Hands has accepted the principalship of Liberty Hill Academy
at Nathan's Creek, Ashe county.
Miss Lillie Whitehurst, of the Kinston Graded School, was married,
July 31st, to Mr. Henry Archbell.
Miss May Templeton has charge of the Vocal and Instrumental Music
Department in Gaston High School.
Miss Kate Sutton, a graduate of St. Mary's School, has taken charge of
Penny's School at Hutchinson's Store.
Rev. B. G. Marsh, a graduate of Trinity College, in the class of '84, is
teaching at Troy, Montgomery county.
Mr. D. F. Sinclair, a graduate of Davidson College, is Principal of Pleas-
ant Garden Academy, Guilford county.
Mr. Isham Royal, County Superintendent of Sampson, is teaching a school
of Grammar and Arithmetic at Huntley.
Mr. T. W. Noland, a graduate of the University of Nashville, will lake
charge of the Waynesville High School.
Prof. F. P. Hobgood was recently honored by the Baptist Sunday-school
Convention by being chosen its President.
Prof. W. Junius Scroggs, Principal of Sinithville High School, is visit-
ing his father in Lenoir, Caldwell county.
Prof. J. C. F. Rupp, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, has been elected to the
Chair of Languages in North Carolina College.
Miss Lessie Southgate, of Durham Graded School, was one of the sing-
ers in the concert of the Goldsboro Fruit Fair.
Miss Clara E. Dixon, of the Kinston Graded School, was married on the
5th inst. to Mr. Jesse W. Grainger, of Kinston.
Mr. S. a. Holleman has resigned as Principal of Pleasant Union Acad-
emy, and will complete his course at Chapel Hill.
thp: nopvTh oaroi.ina teacher. 95
Miss Jennie Royal, of tlie Golflsboro Graded School, is .spending a montii
in the Peabody Normal School of Wytheville, Virginia.
Rev. Dr. J. C. Clapp reports that his recent trip North to secure funds for
the endowment of Catawba College was highly successful.
Rev. N. Collin Hughes, A. M., D. D., will open Trinity School for boys
and girls at Chocowinity, Beaufort county, September 10th.
Mr. W. G. Randall, a graduate of our University, in the class of '84,
takes charge of the Academy at Marion, McDowell county.
Prof. Jean Holtbner, a graduate of Berlin and Leipsic Universities, is
engaged as teacher of music in Clinton Collegiate Institute.
Mr. Thos. R. Rouse, a graduate of our University, will occupy the Chairs
of Mathematics and Modern Languages in Kinston College.
Mr. R. S. Green, who recently graduated from Wake Forest College, will
open a male and female school at Smith Grove, Davie county.
Mr. a. R. Johnson, Superintendent of Public Instruction for McDowell
county, will abandon teaching and enter the profession of the law.
Miss Fannie Evekitt, much to the pleasure of her many friends, is suc-
ceeding finely in building up a female college of high grade at Statesville.
Mr. \V. E. Young, of Cary, Wake county, who has been teaching for some
time, goes to the Southern Normal at Lexington to complete his education.
Miss Nettie A. Farnsworth, a graduate of the Conservatory of Music of
Pennsylvania, takes charge of the music department of Hamilton Institute.
Mrs. Mahoney, of Durham Graded School, after adding to her laurels as
a Kindergarten teacher in the Elizabeth City Normal, has gone to Florida.
Mrs. J. M. Barbee, of Raleigh Graded School, has been offered the prin-
cipalship of Durham Female Seminary, and it is thought that she will accept.
Prof. John W. McLeod, a "tar heel" teacher, now of Huttonville, West
Virginia, was married at Huntersville, N. C, August 6th, to Miss Willie
Watson.
Mr. C. N. a. Yonce, a graduate of Roanoke College, Virginia, has been
engaged as Principal of Pantego Academy, Pitt county. He comes highly
recommended.
Prof. J. M. Weatherly, of the Salisbury Graded School, and Prof. J. W.
Woody, of New Garden, assisted Rev. W. S. Long, in his Teachers' Institute
for Alamance.
Mr. G. W. Mewborn, formerly Cadet Captain of Company A, and student
of Davis School, at LaGrange, has been elected Principal of Lenoir Institute,
Lenoir county.
Miss Florence Slater's elegant exhibition in improved Calisthenics at
the Teachers' Assembly places her in the front rank as a teacher of this beau-
tiful and graceful art.
Prof. N. C. English has become associated with Prof. C. P. Frazier in the
principalship of Bush Hill High School. This is a strong combination of
very popular teachers.
f)(3 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
Capt. JoHiv E. DuGGER, witli Prof. L. a. Williams, opened the Warren-
ton Academy on July 30tb, with flattering prospects of a very successful term.
Prof. Will H. Sanborn reports that applications are pouring in on him,
and we predict that Davenport Female College, under its new auspices, bids
fair to eclipse its old fame.
Mr. John A. Hall, who had been teaching at East Bend, Yadkin county,
died there a few weeks ago, of typhoid fever. He was highly esteemed as a
teacher and as an exemplary young man.
Mr. John S. Smiley, the efficient Secretary of the Franklin Normal School,
was presented by the Board of Managers with a handsome wall map of North
Carolina, in appreciation of his very faithful services.
Miss Annie Fairfax, who has achieved such a success as a thorough
teacher in the schools of Virginia and Maryland, will have charge of the Pre-
paratory Department of St. Mary's School during the next term.
Prof. Julixts L. Tomlinson, Superintendent of Winston Graded Schools,
and Miss Mamie S. Adams, of the Wilson Graded School, were married by
Rev. Dr. Brooks at Wilson, on 5th inst. The Teacher's best wishes attend
them.
We were pleased to receive a few days ago a visit from Rev. J. M. Rho-
des, A. M., Principal of Central Institute for yoimg ladies at Littleton. We
are glad to learn that the Central Institute is in a more prosperous condi-
tion than ever before.
Prof. Charles D. McIver is spending his vacation at Sanford in prac-
ticing and extending his knowledge of " Primary Teaching" with a picked-up
class of little boys, who have never been to school. An excellent idea, and we
commend it to other teachers.
Mr. J. H. Mills, Principal of the Thomasville Male Academy, has opened
with flattering prospects. Everybody expects him to succeed, and we are not
surprised to learn that a number of young men have come from a distance to
avail themselves of his methods.
Mr. a. D. Farmer, Superintendent of Public Instruction for Macon county,
tendered his resignation, but the Justices and Board of Education showed
their appreciation of his valuable services by refusing to accept the resigna-
tion, and gave him authority to visit all the public schools of that county.
Mr. John W. Fleetwood, a graduate of Wake Forest College, in the Class
of '82, is Principal of Grange High School, Woodland, Northampton county.
He is a young man who will command success, and we predict that at no dis-
tant day he will make his mark among the foremost educators of the State.
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 97
TEICHERS' BUREAU.
[fl®=TnE North Cakolina Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned in this
department, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
Teacheb and they will be promptly forwarded.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
24. A lady desires a position as music teacher in a school. Thoroughly
qualified.
25. A lady who has had several years' experience, and can give good ref-
erences, desires to teach in a school.
26. A young lady who has experience in primary teaching, desires a
position in a school.
27. A young lady graduate of Wesleyan Female College, Murfreesboro,
qualified to teach Musiq, Latin, English, French and Elementary (xerman.
Best of references given.
28. A young lady who is a full graduate and has had three years' experi-
ence in teaching, desires a position in a school. Latin and Mathematics are
specialties.
M
. S- B.A.I?,2srES Sc CO-3
EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS,
l^ew York and Cliicago.
Latest Booths of the National Series.
Barnes' New National Readers.
BARNES' GENERAL HISTORY.
A Brief History of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Peoples in one volume.
The most faseinatina; and complete General History published. Sample copv
fl-.fiO.
BARDEEN'S COMPLETE RHETORIC. J
Treats all subjef^ts fully and practically. Enforces all principles by practi-,
cal exercises. Most comprehensive and most interesting treatise on the j
subject. Sample copy |1..50. ]
HYGIENIC PHYSIOLOGY, (roii schools).
With special reference to the use and effects of Alcoholic Drinks and Nar-
cotics. Edited and endorsed by the W. C. T. LT., of the United States. Sam-
ple copy $1.00.
PECK'S POPULAR ASTRONOMY.
Presents in a compact and practical form all the facts and principles of the
science that are needed in a general course of collegiate education. Sample
copy $1.20. 1
BARNES' BRIEF U. S. HISTORY. \
One of the most remarkable text-books ever issued. It is the standard in
Chicago, St. Louis, Louisville, R^ihvaakee, Detroit, and more than a thousand
other leading Western cities and towns. Sample copy Sl-OO. i
PECK'S GANOT'S PHYSICS, (revised edition). j
Many parts have been re-written. Much new matter added, a large num- j
ber of new cuts introduced and the whole treatise thoroughly revised and I
brought into harmony with the present advanced stage of scientific discovery.
Sample copy $1.00.
BARNES' NEW ARITHMETICS. |
Present a minimum of theory with a maximum of practice. Adopt the |
shortest and best methods, language clear and exact. i
MONTEITH'S NEW GEOGRAPHIES.
Complete two-ljook sei'ies, with latest data, beautiful maps, new standard
time, and all other " modern improvements."
SILLS'S LESSONS IN ENGLISH.
Practical, systematic and complete. Useless verbiage eliminated, and
English Grammar treated comprehensively in one convenient sized volume
at small cost. Sample copy 60e.
STEELE'S 14 WEEKS IN EACH SCIENCE.
Embracing Pliiiosophy, Physiology, Chemistry, Zoology, Geology, .^stron-
om3' and Botany. Present the cream of the respective studies;" and the
treatment of the subjects is not only exceedingly practical but always re-
markably interesting to the pupils. Sample copies $1.00 each.
' MONTEITH'S POPULAR SCIENCE READER
Contains lessons and selections in Natural Philosophy, Botany, Natural
History. All copiously illustrated by cuts and diagrams' Sample copy 75c.
McNALLY'S GEOGRAPHY. (Revised).
A striking new feature Geography outside the text-books has been added
in foot notes on a plan similar to Steele's Scientific Series. .\lso searcli ques-
tions on the plan of Historical Rcci-eations in Barnes" Brief U. S. History.
Sample copj' $1.2.5.
The Nation.\i, Series comprises more than three hundred publications, pre-
senting text-books adapted to 'every grade of common school and college
classes, all of which will be found fully described in our new Des<'riptive
Catalogue, mailed free on application.
Cori'espondence cordially invited, .\ddress
A.. S. KAKNKS & (X)..
Ill A- 113 William Street, NewY
A. P. ^1.1]^^% G-en Aceial,
lo-.'ij Arch St., Philadelphia. Pa.
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, September. 1884. No. 3.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THEN, Am N0¥,
BY IDA HARRELL HORNE.
Away back iii the olden times,
When schools were very few,
And books were rare.
With none to spare,
What did the children do ?
In some lone "settlements," for miles
No teacher's voice was heard ;
Nor papers came.
News to proclaim.
With many a thrilling word.
But did our fathers rest content,
To live in ignorance; —
With mute resign?
Men born to shine,
Trust life to fate and chance?
No; with a will and might unseen,
Rarely at this day.
They dug to own
The rich gems strown
Along the toilsome way.
100 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Now, scattered o'er the path of youth.
The pearls of knowledge lie ;
And he who will,
May take his fill,
And scarcely seem to try.
And oh, if in that darkened age.
Great minds shone from the gloom ;
Our youth to-day,
With brighter ray.
Should burst the shades which loom.
So let our boys and girls resolve
To gather every gem ;
And when complete,
They all shall meet,
In one rich diadem.
[For the North C^arolina Teacher.]
PRACTICAL METHODS OF TEACHING LITERATURE.
BY AI.BERT P. SOUTHWICK, ANSONIA, OHIO.
In response to a continuous demand from the teachers of Vir-
ginia, the Carolinas, Florida, and even as far to the south-west as
Louisiana and Texas, for some further practical information as
to methods of teaching the subject of the little manual,* to which
reference has previously been made, and believing this monthly
to be a valuable medium for answering these queries, we respect-
fully submit the following :
It is (juite impossible to inculcate in the minds of cliildren,
boys and girls from six to eighteen, a direct love of literature,
per se. The elegance of diction, the perspicuity of thought, the
well-rounded phrase, are matters to them of trifling import, and
of which they can have no conception, while the "jingle" of the
rhyme, the crystallization of some couunou expression or wcll-
*Shoi-t Studies in Literature. Price, 60 eeiits.
THE NORTH OAllOLINA TEACHP^i;. , 101
known tact, entering into the knowledge and routine of" their
daily liv^es, is everything.
The first step then, would be for the teacher to write upon the
blackboard some three or four verses of simple, childish poetry,
have the school as a class recite them in concert, call upon some
individual pupil to recite one verse at a time, repeat this morning
and night for tw^o or three days, and then ask if any one can
repeat one or more of the verses without looking at the black-
board, you will find that some of the pupils have unconsciously
memorized these " gems."
This is the introductory lessou. We have mentioned practical
selections only, but there are many "golden thoughts" given in
prose ; in fact, the true embodiment of thought is to be found in
such, in its greatest strength and beauty, and these should be
given in the earlier lessons.
After a few weeks drill of this nature, you will find that cer-
tain verses are the more popular, and then it is time to tell them
of the author. A postal card addressed to Houghton, Mifflin &
Co., of Boston, will bring you a cataloguef of the books of that
publishing house, and in it are about twenty-five or thirty wood
cuts of the noted English and American writers of the present
century. You have provided yourself with a portrait gallery at
the expense of just one cent, for these "cuts" can be removed
from the pamphlet and tacked or pasted upon the school-room
wall. They additionally serve as a decoration. Then supple-
ment what they have learned and what they can see by such terse
anecdotes of the authors' lives and habits as may be known to
you. Your pupils have now begun the study of literature. To
dwell on the beauties of a single line, of the accuracy of poetical
and natural description, of the grammatical correctness and
rhetorical force of an author's writings, is a study for the most
advanced pupils — to some it will never become a matter of idle
curiosity even.
+Messrs. Alfred Williams & Cc, of Raleigh, will also send a copy of this cata-
logue upon application.
102 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
You have uow prepared your school, the class or classes for an
introductiou to the text-book. With the book in their possession,
you will only succeed by maintaining a constant interest in the
study. How is this to be done? No work upon the subject is
wholly adequate for this purpose, and one of your first eiforts
should be to prepare for your own benefit, and ultimately obtain
the aid of the pupils for their own benefit — a "literary scrap-
book." Any old memorandum or ledgei- will do if it is not
(ionvenient to have a book especially prepared, and flour and
water will form a cheap paste.
From the cohmms of your county or city weekly, or local
paper, clip all the poetical and prose selections of any merit, and
"literary items," and arrange them under their respective head-
ings. Many of your pupils can ultimately be induced to prepare
a similar reference-book. What is its use? To supplement the
text-matter and selections of the daily lesson, and give length,
force and interest to the " Topical Outline."
Individual requisites can be made upon members of the class
in having them arrange some literary specialty. We once had a
bright boy of twelve collect a list of the noted "Rides" whose
praise has been given in poetical numbers. He had the complete
words of more than twenty, such as Tom C/Shantev's Ride, The
Ride of Collin Graves, Kit Carson's Ride, etc., etc. It was a
literary treasure, of great interest and benefit to us as a teacher,
and of infinite worth as a praiseworthy testimonial to the research
and energy of the pupil. What are the benefits of this branch
of study ? It fills the child's mind with pure thoughts and gentle
words, and, in after years, it will give him the faculty of ending
a 'line of argument or simple statement even, with some apt
expression or pointed quotation that is in itself conclusive, for
these "choice sayings" are pithy, and convey a world of mean-
ing in themselves. It is'inforniatioii in its fullest sense, and, next
to a knowledge of science, makes the man or woman who is the
possessor of its beauties, of use to scx^iety, of benefit to mankind,
and an ornament at home. Above all else it furnishes that great
desideratum of a complete education — cnlturc.
THE NORTH CAROT.INA TEACHER. 108
THE MISSING CENT,
Submit the following question to your school, and we will give
a nice book-strap to the first boy under twelve years of age who
finds the " missing cent." To the first girl under twelve years of
age who gives a solution, we will send a neat book-bag :
Two boys together sell sixty apples, each one selling thirty.
One boy sells his apples two for one cent, and receives fifteen cents.
The other boy sells his three for one cent, and recei ves ten cents.
Both together receive twenty-five cents.
The next day one boy says he alone will sell sixty apples at
the same rate as they both did the day before, viz : five apples
for two cents, and he does so, but receives only twenty-four cenh.
What becomes of the missing cent?
[For tlie North Carolina Teacher.]
TEACHING, 1 PROFESSION.
BY E. W. WILCOX, HOOKERTON, N. C.
Were I to cast the horoscope of the "North Carolina
Teacher," I should foretell for it a long life of honor and use-
fulness. But if its existence had begun and ended with the July
number, it would by no means have lived in vain, inasmuch as
the demand uttered by its editor for a State Normal School, issu-
ing diploma and license, must eventually become the corner-stone
of our true educational progress. The best interests of teacher
and pupil require that both should be protected from ignorance,
general or special unfitness, '' paujjer labor," competition and
caprice, by a stringent requirement of this character. Teaching,
as a profession, can no more be left to the operation of the law
of demand and supply than can law or medicine. These pro-
104 THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
fessions are not so left. The State steps in aud says to each,
"The people must be protected from iguorance, chicanerv and
quackery by a fixed standard of qualifications. This is the pri-
mary object, but if you lawyers^ aud doctors are incidentally pro-
tected against unworthy competition, all the better." .
If education is the only sure foundation for a republic, if the edu-
cator is to be, more than all others, instrumental in shaping the
physical , mental and moral being of its future citizen^s, surely there
is equal, if not greater, need of kindred legislation. Let us have
the Normal School, the examining board and the license. The
Normal should teach the laws of education in their connection
with the doctrines of mental science. It should teach school
management, that is, organization, discipline and the art of teach-
ing. It should further teach method, or the application of teach-
ing as an art to all branches which form part of a common school
education.
An institution of this kind, demanding, of course, a suitable
acq.uaiutance with the common school branches as a condition for
matriculation, would oive to North Carolina what she has never
had — a class of common school teachers bred to the profession,
set apart for it, and better fitted for it than for anything else.
Then teaching would be really a profession, instead of the hum-
bug and make-shift it too often is. Then teachers themselves
would not ask: "Is there really such a thing as the 'Princi-
ples of Teaching'?" "Is it not, after all that is said, mere
empiricism and groping in the dark ? "
In the new order of things which your editorial foreshadows, we
should n(jt find the minister, the lawyer and the doctor holding forth
at teachers' meetings, school closings, etc., on the subject of educa-
tion. Fancy a convention of wool-growers, carpenters or black-
smiths inviting the doctor or the lawyer to tell them about the
peculiar business which had brought them together. In that "Bet-
ter Day" school committees will not hunt for fweiifi/ dollar teach-
ers. Not so many years ago we had a breed of " Twenty Dollar"
lawyers, but the ridicule of the bar and returning common sense
of the people soon stamped them out. When our fellow-citizens
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 105
reach somethiug like an adequate notion of what teaching really
is, they will not imperil their children by employing " Cheap-
John" teachers.
But it is equally certain that the people will not reach this
point till they are educated up to it by good teachers. Hence
the State should take an advanced step and say, ''What you ivant
will be hurtful to you; I wall give you what you needJ' If we
are ever blessed with a Legislature having firmness, moral cour-
age and prescience to pass a school law of the right sort, teaching
will raise its head — a grand, noble and honored profession. Until
then, it will labor under that popular misconception which applies
the once classic and dignified term "Professor" to any and every
person of the male persuasion who happens to "keep" a school
in an eio;ht bv ten school-house at some PTass-grown cross-road.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
R TALK ¥ITH FELLOW-TEICHERS,
BY CARRIE WARREN, OF NORTH CAROLINA.
To a looker-on, the machinery of Normal Schools is full of
interest. It is well for teachers, occasionally, to come out and
"watch the wheels go round" in the same spirit that actuates
other visitors to these factories of educational methods. The
"methods" are many. They are not various. Some are not
beautiful. All may be useful if properly applied. What a
mighty deep that mute "if" bridges! Let us not look into it.
We cannot see the bottom. We may not even sound it with the
lines of ordinary capacity. We hear so much of "methods."
The young teacher thinks : " If I can but get his methods, I can
have no more weary days or wakeftil nights. All will be well.
My poor, stupid Ichabod will learn rapid calculation by collect-
ing the tens, and he cap learn grammar because the diagrams are
106 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
SO plain, aucl he just can't help seeing at a glance how to pronounce
the words which are so plainly marked."
The tendency is to trust too much to methods. Young girls
and boys enter ujDon the duties of teaching, fresh from the graded
school, fully convinced that, having been drilled and intending
" to keep up with the times " by means of educati(jnal books and
papers, they are prepared to roll the stone of ignorance from their
fields. As teachers, our education is too apt to be " shoppy."
We can read, write, spell, parse, diagram, draw, sing, lead in calis-
thenics, are versed in mathematics, ( ! ) can even teach French and
Latin ; but how reticent, how dumb are these dear ladies and gal-
lant gentlemen, during a conversation, on the men and thought of
past ages. How little do we know of what is not now — of what
is not tangible and visible to our physical senses.
It is true that scholarship is lauded, that it is advised ; but
pupil-teachers at our Normals do not find evidence of learning in
the lectures of all the instructors. They do not always see illus-
trated that historit" and scientific knowledge of subjects which is
the only true basis upon which " methods " can rest. All honor
and gratitude are due a Normal superintendent who furnishes his
teachers the opportunity of sitting at the feet of a scholar. One
man of true culture will lift the burden of illiteracy more steadily
and surely than a multitude of sticklers for " methods." AYe are
too well contented in our present condition. Y^e must raise the
standard. Point the teachers to the grandest heights. They will
climb, and in ascending they will find the stepping-stones over
which they will guide the little feet which tread just behind them.
Let us aim at scholarship. Let us take for models such men
as Gildersleeve, Arnold, Macaulay, even Milton, by whom the
most secret paths of knowledge were well trodden. Y"e think
we can never reach such heights. Perhaps not ; but we can con-
tinue to ascend, and each upward step spreads before us more of
God's beautiful world of thought. Our Saviour savs : " Be ye
also perfect." We know it is impossible to be perfect, bat the
command is right, for he who aims at anything short of perfec-
tion will aim to be something: less than honest and true.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 107
AVe are at work again hi the school-room. Let us not desert
the study. In teaching the little ones, let us not neglect our own
training. We are apt to think that our health will not permit
mental exertion after the six hours' work. There are very few
who cannot find strength for two hours' study out of the eighteen
which are our own property. We, lady teachers, must sew less.
Calculate, girls, the price of materials which we work up into
mulfs, ruffles, etc., then examine some reliable catalogue of ready-
made dresses. The latter are cheaper, the work is just as nice,
and we have escaped the pain and injury which sewing-machines
are apt to inflict. Lady teachers must not aspire to the position of
society queens in the village or neighborhood. I said "aspire " —
a word out of place. The wish to reign there would be no look-
ing up, but the opposite — at least from a teacher's stand-poiut.
We must be social ; we must seek recreation if it does not come
to us ; but let us all promise ourselves at least two hours each day
for five days in the week for earnest, systematic study. Most of
us have united wath the " Chronicle Keading Circle." Let us not
be content with the "thirty minutes." Mr. Page, Prof. Shep-
herd, Mrs. Spencer — any of the ladies or gentlemen who have
kindly promised advice in that — will assist us in our private read-
ing. If you have no judicious literary friend who can advise a
course of reading on any subject, a note addressed to any of these
friends to teachers and literature, stating your wish, will be
responded to in a spirit so cheerful that the girl or boy who asks
aid will find that he or she will have granted a favor. It seems
to me that it is better to take up a subject. Master it, write about
it. Put your writing aside. Study the same or other authors
who have treated it. Write again, and so on, till you feel able to
discuss it without fearing a display of ignorance. Or follow^ the
suggestion which Prof. Shepherd has so often and so faithfully
presented to us in years gone by, at Chapel Hill, in 1880, '81
and '84, and which was also made by Prof Myers. It is to study
history by learning biographies. Select your hero ; collect all the
sketches which have been made of him ; learn what other heroes
think of him ; decide what vou think ; put all the books away
9
108 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
and write his life. Or take an epoch and make yourself at home.
You will find a welcome, and you will be happy.
Fellow-teachers, let us determine that we vn\\ stand upon a
higher plane ; that each one of us, in our own efforts to rise, will
lead those about us who are less capable.
THE FIRST ENGLISH GRIMMSR.
To William Bullokar, a school-master in the reign of Eliza-
beth, must be ascribed the honor of writing the first work on
English Grammar. It was modestly entitled, "A Treatise of
Orthographia in English, by William Bullokar, London, 1580."
As everybody in those days wrote poetry, most of the rules and
definitions in this book, as well as the preface, were deliyered in
metre. In 1586 was published "W. Bullokar's abbreviation of
his Grammar for English, extracted out of his Grammar at large,
for the speedy parsing of English speech, and the easier coming
to the knowledge of Grammar for other languages. Imprinted
at London by Edmund Bollifant, MDLXXXVI." Both books
were printed in black letter, Old English, with many curious
aifectations of spelling, and novelties in type.
Ben Johnson's Grammar was not written until about forty
years later, and was not published until after his death in 1637.
It is entitled, ''The English Grammar made by Ben Johnsou, for
the Benefit of all Strangers, out of his Observation of the Eng-
lish I^anguage, now Spoken and in I^se."
When the lesson is assigned, explain somewhat its more
difficult fetitures, and show pupils how to study it to advantage.
Lacking this preliminary aid, they will needlessly waste much
time and energy, and perhaps come to the recitation discouraged.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 109
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
"ENGLISH COMPOSITION,"
BY MISS ADA M. ELLIOTT, WESTMINSTER, N. C.
Little that has appearal iu The Teacher has come under
my observation, but my interest in the progress of education in
our State prompts me to advance a few ideas which might be
better said by some one else. Though I trust that the readers
will, with Carlyle, admit that " thought is thought, however it
may speak or spell itself."
This very inability to express thought satisfactorily has called
out this article from one out of the very large majority of people
who has had opportunities of what is generally denominated a
liberal education, and yet find themselves so illy prepared to do
what the first few years of school ought to prepare a child to do,
viz. : to write the English language. If what we are to ourselves
and to our fellow-man depends upon the development of our
mental capacities, then it seems to be a matter of the greatest
importance that opportunities which are offered to children and
to students generally should be turned to the greatest possible
account for them.
It does seem that entirely too much has been expected of chil-
dren in our common schools iu the way of committing to memory
(for much of it is nothing else) what is contained in text-books.
A little article in "The Teacher" in regard to the proper dis-
position of the spelling-books so much used, met with a hearty
approval in my mind; but, while this is true, I am far from
ignoring the use of text-books iu our common schools.
The prevailing opinion that the mind of a child should be
receptive only, and not productive iu the least degree, is certainly
a very erroneous idea. Notwithstanding I am aware tlftit many
steps have been taken among our educators to correct this opinion,
and to change in many particulars the mode of instruction so
prevalent in our country, originality of thought and expression
are certainly the most important parts of an education. Then
110 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
comes iu the mental discipline acquired by the use of text-books
within the comprehension of the student.
How many students there are who have regarded this exercise
with so much dread that what should have been the easiest task
iu the catagory of academic duties, by neglect became the hardest.
It is an appalling fact that scholars who have graduated from
the first colleges of America, and have devoted yeare to linquistic
study and foreign travel, but after returning to their native
country, have been compelled "■ ex necessitate rei " to turn to the
study of their own language. Every one must admit, therefore,
that the reformation needed in this state of affairs must necessa-
rily begin in the primary schools.
Many of us look back upon our school-days with but little
pleasure. Our very existence was rendered ungrateful by the
constant pushing forward the incessant ci-amming process, which
was practiced by many honest instructors, and which filled our
minds with much that will never be of any practical benefit to us
whatever. Very little natural development of our mental capa-
cities was possible — all orginality entirely excluded.
We, who attend to the elementary training of youthful minds,
should study to effect in the easiest possible way to the student,
that which will be of the greatest practical result in after years.
To do this I believe that three-fourths of the first ten years of a
child's school-life should be devoted to learning the correct and
original use of English composition.
[For the North Carolina 'J'eaeher.]
R FEW COMMON WORDS, THEIR PRONUNCIATION
AND DERIYATION.
BY ROBERT G. SPARROW, DAVIDSON COLLEGE, N. C.
One of the words most frequently mispronounced, even by per-
sons of education, is of-tex. The correct way is of-f)i, or cnr-fn,
yet this word is often pronounced as spelled, qf-ten. This has no
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. ^ 111
authority. Suffice and Sacrifice are almost as common.
The great majority of authorities give tliese sujfiz and sacrijiz,
while only one or two pronounce them sujfis and sacrifis.
Seldomly is sometimes heard. This has no place in the dic-
tionaries, "seldom" itself being an adverb. The derivation of
the two following words is peculiar :
Ounce as applied to the animal of that name was originally
spelled lounce in French, from the Greek lugx, and Latin, lyyix.
The I was afterward mistaken for the article and dropped.
The Avord Quiz was made by Daly, a Dublin play-house
keeper, who wagered that a word of no meaning whatever would
be the common talk and puzzle of the town within twenty-four
hours. The wager was accepted, and Daly had the letters Q-u-i-z
chalked on the walls, and won the wager.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
FIRST EVENTS IN NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY.
BY EUGENE CUNNINGGIM.
1. First voyage of exploration — Amadas and Barlowe, 1584.
2. First attempted settlement — Lane and colony on Roanoke
Island, 1585.
3. First white child born of English parents in America —
Virginia Dare, 1587.
4. First title of nobility conferred upon a native American —
Manteo made "Lord of Roanoke," 1587.
5. First permanent colony (of which we have record) — be-
tween Roanoke and Chowan rivers, 1653.
6. First preacher resident in the State — Roger Green, Baptist,
1653.
7. First Governor of Albemarle — Wm. Drummond, 1663-'67.
8. First Legislative Assembly, 1665.
9. First recorded acts of legislation, 1669.
112 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
10. First sermou (of which we have record) — at Jonathan
Phelps' house, where Hertford now stands, by George Fox,
founder of Quakerism.
11. First popular rebellion — Culpepper's, 1667.
12. First Episcopal preacher — Kev. Mr. Blair, 1703.
13. First church building — in Chowan county, 1705.
14. First incorporated town — Bath, 1705.
15. First lawyer of note — Edward Moseley.
16. First issue of paper-money, 1712.
17. First Baptist church — Shiloh, Pasquotank county, 1729.
18. First printing press at New Berne, James Davis, 1749.
19. First book published — ''The Yellow Jacket," a code of
State Laws, 1752.
20. First newspaper — "North Carolina Magazine, or Univer-
sal Intelligencer," 1765.
21. First capital of State— Tower Hill (Snow Hill), 1758.
22. First mail route — from Suffolk, Va., to Wilmington, via
Edenton and New Berne, 1758.
23. First public school-house — at New Berne, 1764.
Corrections solicited.
[to be continued.]
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS ELECTED IN JUNE, 1884.
Alamance, Rev. ^V. S. Long, Graham. Jackson, \V. H. H. Hughes, Webster.
Alexander, Prof. Theodore Bush, Tay- Johnston, Ira T. Turlington, Elevation.
lorsville. Jones, P. M. Pearsall, Treuton.
Alleghany, S. \V. Browne, Sparta. Lenoir, W. IS. Bird, Seven Springs.
Anson, W. D. Redfearn, Ansonville. Lincoln, D. Mat. Thompson, Lincolntou.
Ashe, Q. F. Neal, Jefferson. Macon, A. D. Farmer, Franklin.
Beaufort, Rev. Nat. Harding, Washing- Madison, J. F. Tilson, Halewood.
ton. Martin, Jesse A. B. Cooper, Hamilton.
Bertie, James R. White, Aulander. McDowell, A. R. Johnson, Marion.
Bladen, Rev. James Kelly, Clarkton. Mecklenburg, J. H. McCliutock, Hun-
Brunswick, George Leonard, Shallotte. tersville.
Buncombe, John W. Starns, Asheville. Mitchell, S. B. Garland, Red Hill.
Burke, Jordan N. Payne, Morgantou. Montgomery, Dr. J. W. Ewiug. Pekin.
Cabarrus, Rev. Thos.W. Smith, Concord. Moore, "W. J. Stuart, Carthage.
^'>'^rH CA^ou,,^ sr^TE UB^^^,
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
113
Caldwell, Rev. W. A. Pool, Lenoir.
Camden, G. D. B. Prlehard, Belcross.
Carteret, Levi C. Howland, Beaufort.
Caswell, G-eo. N. Thompson, Leasburg.
Catawba, Rev. R. A. Yoder, Newton.
Chatham, Rev. P. R. Law, Pittsboro.
Cherokee, Benjamin Posey, Murphy.
Chowan, J. H. Garrett, Edenton.
Clay, G. H. Haighler, Haj'esville.
Cleveland, H. T. Royster, Casar.
Columbus, J. B. Schulken, Whiteville.
Craven, Rev. Jas. S. Long-, New Berne.
Cumberland, Henry McD. Robinson,
Fayetteville.
Currituck, V. L. Pitts, Poplar Branch.
Dare, James M. Gray, Maateo.
Davidson, E. E. Roper, Arcadia.
Davie, J. T. Alderman, Fork Church.
Duplin, Benj. F. Grady, Jr., Albertson.
Durham, Hugh P. Markham, Durham.
Edgecombe, Frank S. Wilkinson, Tar-
boro.
Forsyth, A. I. Butner, Bethania.
Franklin, E. G. Conyers, Youngsville.
Gaston, Rev. J. M. McLain, Gastonia.
Gates, John R. Walton, Gatesville.
Graham, V. E. Grant, Yellow Creek.
Granville, W. H. P. Jenkins, Franklin-
ton.
Greene, Joseph E. Grimsley, Snow Hill.
Guilford, Jesse R. Wharton, Greensboro.
Halifax, D. C. Clark, Enfield.
Harnett, John A. Cameron, Lillington.
Haywood, Rev. R. A. Sentell, Waynes-
ville.
Henderson, W. A. G. Brown, Hender-
sonville.
Hertford, Geo. V. Cowper, VVinton.
Hyde, Jos. M. Watson, Swan Quarter.
Iredell, Rev. Edw'd VVooten, Statesville.
Nash, B. H. Vester, Nashville.
New Hanover, Walker Meares, Wil-
mington.
Northampton, F. Eugene Foster, Sea-
board.
Onslow, Frank Thompson, Richlands.
Orange, Rev. J. L. Currie, Hillsboro.
Pamlico, B. F. Mayhew, Bayboro.
Pasquotank, S. L. Sheep, Elizabeth City.
Pender, James D. Murphy, Burgaw.
Perquimans, Dr. T. J. Smith, Hertford.
Person, James D. Baird, Roxboro.
Pitt, Josephus S. Allen, Greenville.
Polk, Wm. M. Justice, Mills Spring.
Randolph, J. R. Frazier, Bush Hill.
Richmond, J. D. Bundy, Laurinburg.
Robeson, William B. Blake, Lumbertou.
Rockingham, N. S. Smith, Leaksville.
Rowan, T. C. Linn, Salisbury.
Rutherford, A. L. Rucker, Rutherford-
ton.
Sampson, Isham Royal, Clinton.
Stanley, Henry W. Spinks, Albemarle.
Stokes, N. A. Martin, Danbury.
Surry, George W. Sparger, Mt. Airy.
Swain, John S. Smiley, Charleston.
Transylvania, Rev. W. H. Davis, Deavers.
Tyrrell, Edmund Alexander, Columbia.
Vance, Demascus S. Allen, Kittrell.
Union, Maj. J. B. Ashcraft, Monroe.
Wake, Eugene T. Jones, Raleigh.
Warren, F. M. Fitts, Macon.
Washington. Rev. Luther Eborn, Cress-
well.
Watauga, Rev. J. W. Thomas, Boone.
Wayne, E. A. Wright, Goldsboro.
Wilkes, Rev. R. W. Barber, Wilkesboro.
Wilson, James Murray, Wilson.
Yadkin, W. D. Martin, Chesnut Ridge.
Yancey, David M. Ray, Burnsville.
In COUNTRY' SCHOOL-HOUSES, where one or more rows of desks
are crowded close to the wall, the teacher should be governed hy
circumstances, calling pupils two by two ; or, first those nearest
the aisles, and next those near the walls.
114 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teaclier.]
YILUE OF THE COMMON SCHOOLS.
BY MISS MARY T. PESOUD, LAGRANGE, GEORGIA.
The value of the common school rests mainly upon the char-
acter of the teacher, and the work done by him. In view of this,
no one should dare to enter upon this responsible, aye, sacred
office, without a deep and sincere appreciation of the importance
of its duties. The work of the common school is manifold in its
nature, and requires preparation of mind, heart, and soul, on the
part of all who utidertake its performance. Very many of our
people receive no scholastic training save that given in the com-
mon school, and but little of any other kind. It is to them the
one source from whence springs all their training in books, in
manners, and in morals. How important then, that the teacher
of such a school should be filled with practical as well as theoret-
ical knowledge of these things, and should know how to train
the pupils committed to his charge, so as to produce good citizens,
good neighbors, and good Christians, as well as good scholars.
i^ot only must he teach books, including their knowledge and
use, but he must inculcate the Golden Rule, '' Do unto others as
you would that others should do unto you " ; and that other rule,
" True politeness is to forget one's self."
The teacher should obtain the master}^ over the student, not by
physical force, but by the influence of his personal character, aided
by the magic wand of tact. Thus only can he lead his pnpils to
form the M^ell-rounded symmetry of character proposed by him
as a model.
Mucli and important is the aid which may and should be ren-
dered by parents and local school authorities in the government
of the school. By their co-operation, the labor of the teacher is
reduced to a minimum ; by their opposition, it becomes a burden
greater than the shoulders^ of Atlas eonld bear. Hence, a teacher
who would make his school a success, should aim, at the very
beginning, to .secure the sympathy and aid of the '' powers that
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 115
be." He can learn much from them, and by a little tact, will be
able to use their knowledge so as to gain their most valuable assist-
ance in his plans for the management of the school.
State aid is of very great importance, from a financial stand-
point, but wonders can be accomplished by an energetic teacher,
with but'little expenditure. Indeed, appliances provided by the
exertions of the school itself are more useful, and more highly
valued, because representing its own labor and interests. In
this, as in all else, the teacher decides the character of the school.
A good teacher will succeed with the most homely appliances,
where a poor one will fail with all the apparatus heart could wish.
Still, the State should help the school. Neither can exist without
the other. Both are engaged in the same work. A State which
cares for its schools and provides for the training of its teachers,
will find itself more than repaid by the increased industry, vir-
tue, and intelligence of its people. A school which trains its
pupils in principles of self-government and morality, will reap its
reward in the better legislation of the new generation. Thus
united, the State and the school will nourish an educated civiliza-
tion till it flourish in prosperous luxuriance all over our fair land.
The work done by the common school must be measured by
three things: First, the effect upon character. If the student
lacks the principles of morality and self-government, as shown in
his life, his education is a failure, no matter how many "ologies"
have heated his brains. Secondly, his increased power of thought.
If he be a mere parrot, able to repeat the ideas of others, but with
only a glimmer of their meaning, his training has failed of its sec-
ond great aim, — the power of original and concentrated thought.
Thirdly, his scholarship, as measured by the ordinary methods.
If a student leaves the common school at the age of fifteen, he
should be able to read his mother-tongue with pleasure to himself
and others ; he should have mastered the forms of ordinary busi-
ness and friendly correspondence; he should be well acquainted
with his own world and its inhabitants ; and he should be able to
easily perform any ordinary business calculation involving simple
116 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
iuterest. If he has failed in these things, it may not be his
fault, but it is certainly his grievous misfortune. But if he has
acquired these three points, he is on the high-road to become that
noblest of God's creation, — an intelligent, conscientious American
citizen.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
GRSMMIR SND HISTORY,
BY ALEXANDER McIVER, CARBONTON, N. C.
I think most of your readers will thank Prof. Henry E. Shep-
herd for his paper published in the August number of The
Teacher.
There are no two subjects of greater importance than that
which teaches us to speak and write the English language cor-
rectly and that which brings us face to face with the laws and
customs, the virtues and vices, the joys and sorrows, the habits
and practices, the opinions and prejudices of our own people,
English grammar and history are neglected in all of our schools,
from the primary to the University ; and this accounts for the
impressions wdiich Prof. Shepherd received while attending our
Summer Normal Schools. Instead of a thorouo;h knowledo-e of
our language in its history and growth, in its struggles and tri-
umphs, he found the mere "conceit of knowledge," or, as he ex-
presses it, the "conceit of knowledge without the reality."
It is not pretended that there are not books enough on the sub-
ject. To "making many books there is no end." There is no
want of books on grammar in the hands of pupils. But how
few teachers reallv know hoAV to teach our lano-uage; and how
barren of results are their attempts in that direction. I trust
Prof. Shepherd will continue his papers on grammar and history.
Without attempting now to tell how to teach the English lan-
guage, I may say that many years ;\go I asked an editor ho^^'
he learned to spealv and write the English language so well. His
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 117
answer was : My education in school was exceedingly limited.
I never studied grammar either in or out of school. As a
printer and editor, I studied my own compositions, and brought
them as well as I could to the standard of good writers. I was
always fond of reading English authors. I read Addison
and Steele and Burke, Macaulay and Hume, Shakespeare and
Milton. For many years I read most of our own Congressional
debates. I made it a rule to devote an hour or two every day to
reading some good author.
Those who are acquainted with this editor's writings will con-
cede that the ease and elegance of his style is scarcely inferior to
that of Justin McCarthy or President Elliot ; and yet it was not
inspired by the language and literature of Homer and Demos-
thenese or that of Virgil and Sallust; but rather by that of
Shakespeare and Milton, of Calhoun and Benton, Webster and
Clay. As a general rule, our editors are our best writers, for the
simple reason that they write and have something to write.
NE¥S FROM THE COUNTIES,
Randolph. — Mr. J. R. Frazier, County SujDerintendent, says :
We have in this county one college (Trinity), with Mr. M. L. Wood
as president, three high schools — Bush Hill, with C. P. Frazier
as principal ; New Salem, B. York, principal; Providence, J. A.
White, principal, all well attended. A condensed statistical re-
port concerning our public schools for the past year shows —
number of white teachers, first grade, 39 ; second grade, 69 ; third
grade, 4. Number of colored teachers, second grade, 9 ; third grade,
10 ; total, 131. Number of public schools for whites, 92 ; colored,
23 ; total, 115. Number of pupils enrolled, whites, 5,163 ; average
attendance, 2,585. Colored, 873; average attendance, 500. Aver-
age length of schools, white, 12| weeks; colored, 13 weeks.
Average salary, white teachers, per month, $25 ; colored, $19.50.
Number of children in countv between the aees of six and twentv-
118 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
one years, whites, 6,574; colored, 1,255. Number school dis-
tricts, whites, 105 ; colored, 26. Number public school-houses,
whites, 53; colored, 7. Value public school property for whites,
$6,995 ; colored, $530, committeemen not all reported."
The abov^e report is not what I could wish, but I am confident
my next will be an improvement, for the majority of our teachers
are becoming thoroughly imbued with a love of their work, and
are growing thoroughly in earnest, as the test in examination
proves.
The teachers, as well as myself, were decidedly in favor of an
Institute this summer (as but few felt themselves able to attend
the State Normals), and I regret to add our disappointment
through failure of an appropriation, but hope for better facilities
another year.
I read several educational journals, and while I think they are
all good, I unhesitatingly pronounce The Teacher the best. I
am sure it has, and will, do much to stimulate and encourage, and
be a means of instruction to its many readers, and I would be
pleased to know that all teachers, not only in Randolph, but
throughout the entire State, were availing themselves of its
advantages.
Madison. — Mr. John Amnions, County Superintendent, says :
Our work has been progressing slowly. Three Institutes for
Teachers, one week each, were held this year, in which thirty
teachers received instruction such as to fit them to do better work
in the future. I say received instruction, because our teachers
had been plodding on in the old, old way, until within the last
two years.
Methods of work were something new, and with most, out of
place. The teacher thought his work well done, when teaching stu-
dents, book in hand, eight hours in the day, and learning from
the book what the book said and just as it was in the book.
Educating was his idea, but not his work ; educating was not
inducing thought, but cramming, or stuffing with \\ hatever was
furnished to his hand in the books brought into the school by the
pupils.
THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 119
We have chauffed this to an eucourasing; degree.
Our teachers have been brought to see that school teaching
means more than assigning lessons and hearing recitations.
These discoveries have promoted inquiry and the result is an
advance in the work that is very encouraging.
But there is danger just at this point of our progress. We
must discover methods of work rather than adopt them. It is a
little amusing to see with what facility we adopt other people's
notions. New England ideas take in Southern mental soil about
as readily as Lespedeza does in our old fields, and with no better
results. ,
Why should we depend on others to do our thinking? We
will never be scholars until we think for ourselves; and this inde-
pendent thinking must begin with our common school teachers.
Education is the power of mind on mind inducing thought, and
he is the best teacher that best succeeds in getting his pupils to
work out results for themselves. We need less York's Grammars,
and more living teachers so full of the matter that they would
teach without a book.
Moore. — Mr. W. J. Stuart, County Superintendent, writes :
There are in this county seventy-eight school districts for the
white race, and during the winter and spring schools were taught
in forty-four districts, with an enrollment of 1,486 pupils and an
average att-endance of 977. The average length of term was ten
weeks and average salary per month $24.15.
There are thirty-seven colored districts in the county, and
schools were taught in twenty-two of these during the winter and
spring, with an enrollment of 708 pupils and an average attend-
ance of 470. Average length of term was eleven weeks. Aver-
age salary per month $20.50.
Institutes were held in this county in 1882 and 1883, but the
County Board has made no appropriation for holding an Institute
this year.
I am proud of '^ The N. C. Teacher," and will take pleas-
ure in calling the attention of our teachers to it, and urging them
to subscribe for it.
120 THE jSrORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Alamance. — A letter from Rev. W. S. Long, County Super-
intendent, says: I have just closed a most successful Institute.
Seventy white teachers have attended. Some teachers of private
schools were present, but w-ere not enrolled. Profs. Weatherly,
Woody and Moring aided me.
The opinion was expressed by a teacher who holds a leading
position, and who has visited many Normal Schools and Institutes
in this State, that we have the largest number of well qualified
teachers of any county in the State, and deserve the banner. I
know not how true this may l)e, but I am sure a great change
has been effected. I believe that one good Institute is worth
more to the cause of education in a county than ten examinations.
The cause of popular education is gaining strong ground in Ala-
mance. An Institute for the colored teachers was held August
18th, 1884.
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS,
The Fastest River. — The Sutlej, a large river of British
India, with a descent of twelve thousand feet in one hundred and
eighty miles, or about fifty-seven feet per mile, is the fastest flow-
ing river in the world.
The Greatest. — The greatest thing in the world is the falls
of Niagara; the largest cavern, the Mammoth cave of Kentucky ;
the largest river, the Mississippi — four thousand miles in extent;
the largest valley, that of the Mississippi — its area five million
square miles; the greatest city park, that of Philadelphia, con-
taining twenty-seven hundred acres; the greatest grain port,
Chicago; the largest lake, Lake Superior; the longest railroad,
the Pacific railroad — over three thousand nnles in extent; the
most huge mass of solid iron is Pilot Knob of INIissouri — height
two hundred and fifty feet, circumference two miles; the best
specimen of architecture, Girard College of Philadelphia ; the
largest aqueduct, the Croton of New York, length forty miles
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 121
and a half, cost twelve million five hundred thousand dollars;
the longest bridge, the elevated railroad in Third avenue, New
York ; its extent from the Battery to the Harlem river — the
whole length of the eastern side of Manhattan Island — seven
miles long or nearly forty thousand yards. The longest bridge
over the water, however, will be that now being constructed in
Russia over the Volga at a point where the river is nearly four
miles wide. The most extensive deposits of anthracite coal are in
Pennsylvania.
A Simple Post-office. — The simplest post-office in the
world is in the Magellan Straits, and has been established there
for many years. It consists of a small cask which is chained to
the rocks of the extreme cape in the straits, opposite Terra del
Fuego. Each passing ship sends a boat to open the cask and
take out letters and place others in it. The post-office is self-act-
ing therefore. It is under the protection of all nations, and up
to the present time there is not a single case to report in which
any abuse of the privileges offered has taken place.
¥H1T ¥E HEIR FROM OUR SCHOOLS.
Clinton College has opened with one hundred pupils.
The Winston Graded School includes a jSTormal Course.
■ A GOOD school building has been erected at Hookerton, Greene
county.
King's Mountain School, Capt. Bell, has opened with over
one hundred pupils.
The Library of the Durham Graded School will be greatly
improved and enlarged this year.
Statesville Female College has opened with brighter
prospects than ever before.
Vine Hill Academy, Prof. Hilliard, at Scotland Xeck,
opened M'ith fifty-one pupils.
122 THE NOETH CAEOLINA TEACHER.
Wake Forest College has one hundred and two studente,
and everything is pointing to a prosperous session.
Mt. Vernon Springs Academy opens in an imposing struc-
ture, spacious and convenient, with sixty-five pupils.
Claremont College, at Hickory, is under the direction of
Miss Mary E. Geitner and Mrs. Alice G. Thurston.
The Raleigh White Graded School opened September
<Sth, with an attendance of .five hundred and seventeen.
Me. Joseph Bradfield, Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion for Stokes county, is engaged in preparing a Grammar.
Wilson Collegiate Institute begins its fall session with
an increase in attendance of fifty per cent, over last year.
LaGrange Collegiate Institute has opened with fifty
pupils under the skillful management of Profs. Mclver and White.
Oxford Female Sejviinary, Prof F. P. Hobgood, opened
with a larger number of pupils than it has had at any previous
session.
The University of North Carolina has opened with
over two hundred students — a greater number than it has had
since 1861.
The Monroe High School has established a '' Reading-
Room" for its students, where the leading periodicals of the day
can be found.
Mingo High School, Hawley's Store, Sampson county, is
officered by Rev. William Bland, Rev. W. B. jNIalloy and ]\Iiss
Emma Cooper.
The Board of Managers announce that the fill session of
the Fayetteville Graded Scliool opened September 1st, in its large,
new and attractive building on Haymount, with a full corps of
teachers.
That well-known and popular institution, St. Mary's
School, Raleigh, began its fall term on lOth inst. Its patronage
is unusually fine and the sehool is nearly full to its utnxost capa-
city.
THE NORTH CAROUNA TEACHER. 123
The teachers of Iredell county have adopted a resolution
that no certificate should be issued to a man who habitually gets
drunk. So say we all.
Tarboro Female Academy, Mr. D. G. Gillespie, Principal,
opened its fall terra, September 1st, with a full faculty of com-
petent and faithful teachers.
Miss Annie E. Johns, of Leaks ville, has gracefully described
the mountain meeting of the teachers, in an admirably written
poem entitled "Our Chautauqua."
The colored teachers of Craven county organized a Teach-
ers' Association on August 13th. The officers are : President,
Rev. Alex. Bass; and Secretary, John G. Sutton.
One of the best publications for youth is The Fountain,
published by W, H. Shelley, York, Pa. Send for a sample copy
and put it in the hands of your boys and girls.
Winston Graded School, Prof J. L. Tomliusou, has opened
with three hundred and sixty-five pupils, and it is thought five
hundred will be enrolled by the end of the year.
Greensboro Female College opened with one hundred
and twenty boarders, and the Patriot says this promises to be the
most successful year in the history of the institution.
Peace Institute opened on September 1st, wdth an attend-
ance of nearly two hundred pupils. The elegant new chapel
seats one hundred and fifty pupils with the "New Fashion" sin-
gle desk. This is one of the best schools in the South.
Salem Female Academy opened its eighty-first annual ses-
sion on the 4th, with a larger attendance than for several years
past. Over sixty boarders, and the total enrollment was about
one hundred and twenty-five.
Pantego Male and Female Academy, Beaufort county,
has opened with bright prospects. Mr. C. N. A. Yonce is Prin-
cipal, assisted by Miss Martha Whitley, Miss Mary A. Wilker-
son and Miss Jennie Simmons — the last named being; teacher of
music.
4
124 THE XORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
Vance county is advancing in educational matters. Twenty
public school-houses have been built since June, 1881, and some
of the public schools have had the benefit of Latin, French
and vocal and instrumental music.
Durham Female Seminary has opened with a large num-
ber of students, in fact the increase over last session has been so
great that the trustees find it necessary to increase the capacity of
the building and provide another teacher. Arrangements are
being made to enlarge the building of this excellent school.
Mr. W. a. G. Brown, County Superintendent of Henderson
county, reports that there has been obvious progress making in
the schools and in education during the last few years. Teachers
are becoming energized and rendered capable of more eflFective
work as they avail themselves of the means afforded for acquir-
ing a knowledge of superior methods.
The Southern Normal at Lexington, uixler the skillful
management of Messrs. S. H. Thompson and L. E. Duncan, and
a full corps of Normal teachers, has now enrolled one hundred
and two students. This is a professional school for teachers, and
adapted to all who desire a thorough and practical education in
the shortest possible time and at the lowest possible expense.
The Lenoir Institute, conducted by the wide-awake County
Superintendent, Capt. W. S. Byrd, in August, was a very success-
ful and satisfactory one. A large number of teachers was in
attendance. Assistance was rendered by Dr. R. H. Lewis, of
Kinston College, Miss Chadwick, of New Bern Graded School,
Mrs. L. C. Davis, of Moss Hill Academy, and Mrs. Owen Par-
rott, of Kinston.
Prof. D. Matt. Thoimpson, the efficient and progressive
Superinteudent of Instruction for Lincoln county, held a most
interesting Institute, beginning August 18th and lasting two
weeks. He was ably assisted by Profs. Mitchell, of Charlotte,
and S. J. Whitener, Ira Erwin, Jr., C. C. Cornwell, Jenk, L. E.
Quinn, HoflPmau, Dr. Crouse and others. Teachers were in at-
tendance from Lincoln, Gaston, Cleveland and Catawba counties.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY,
PROCEEDINGS.
Haywood White Sulphur Spkixgs (Near Waynesville),
Wednesday, June 19, 1884.
SECOND DAT MORNING SESSION.
The crowd of teachers has considerably increased since yester-
day, many coming in from the surrounding country, and it was
therefore decided better for the meeting to be held on the beauti-
ful and shady lawn just in front of the hotel. Seats and tables
were quickly arranged, and at 10 o'clock the meeting was called
to order by President Fray, prayer being offered by Rev. W.
B. Harrell, of Stanly county.
The committee on organization reported as follows :
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
1st. H. "W. Reiuhart, of Tbomasville ; 2d. J. W. Starnes, of Asheville ; 3d.
Alexander Mclver, of Carbonton ; 4th. H. H. Williams, of LaGrange ; 5th. H. L.
Smith, of Selma ; 6th. J. M. Weatherly, of Salisbury.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
James Atkins, Jr., of Asheville ; Robert Bingham, of Bingham School; Dr. R.
H. Lewis, of Kiuston ; J. L. Tomlinson, of Winston ; E. P. Moses, of Goldsboro ;
I. L. Wright, of Tbomasville ; Miss Fannie Everitt, of Statesville ; Miss Maria
Nash, of Hillsboro ; Miss Mary R. Goodloe, of Asheville ; Miss Emma Scales, of
Greensboro ; Miss Nettie Marshall, of Raleigh ; Mrs. Gen. William Pender, of
Tarboro.
Upon motion, the report was unanimously adopted.
The first topic for discussion being anuounced, ''How to
Awaken Interest of the Pupils in the work of the School," it wa.s
introduced by Prof. H. L. Smith, of Selma, in a most admirable
lecture, of which the following is an outline :
126 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
I. A FACT IN EXPEKIENCE.
Two teachers may be^ed from childhood on the same intellectual food, exposed
to the same influences and trained by the same teachers, under the same course
of intellectual discipline. They may be graduated with equal rank in the same
college, and teach schools in adjoining neighborhoods, similar in character, occu-
pation and interests. Yet the school of one may be active, energetic, self-moving,
interested and progressive. The j)upils in the other are sent to school against
their will, study under compulsion, and may aptly be compared to a heavy piece
of timber moved up hill, dragged by chains and pulley-ropes, pushed by levers
and crow-bars, yet resisting every movement by virtue of its own inertia, and
dragged downward all the while by the power of gravity.
Such is the fact which every intelligent observer of teachers and schools has
noticed. It is the part of wisdom to investigate its causes, and apply the remedy.
II. A MISTAKE IN THEORY.
All men work according to the theories or principles which they at heart believe
in, though not always according to those which they profess. Wrong theories
produce wrong practices, therefore first correct the theory.
There are three wrong theories which, carried into practice, produce lifeless
schools :
1. The Block-of-Marble Theory. — A pujjil with his mind untrained and undevel-
oped, is like the rougb block of marble just from the quarry. The true teacher is
a sculptor ; he sees beneath the rude exterior the beautiful outlines of the perfect
statue, and slowly, chip by chip, hews away the useless matter till his ideal is
embodied in the marble, and visible to the eye. The theory is as false as it is
beautiful and poetical.
2. The Pouring-ill Theory. — The teacher fi-om his stories and accumidated wis-
dom pours with liberal hand into the waiting mind of the pupil. Not quite so
poetic as the former, but equally false.
3. Tlie BalTting-mnle Theory. — The least poetical and most commonly practiced
of the three false theories. The pupil is driven or coaxed like a stubborn mule.
A tempting wisp of oats is held out in front in the shape of promotions, rewards,
prizes and public announcements of proficiency. The lash is vigorously applied
from the rear in the shape of threats, public reprimand or disgrace, and a whole
dark catalogue of punishments.
A fatal mistake underlies these theories and the methods to which they give
rise. The pupil's mind is not like senseless marble or water, yielding only to
extreme forces ; not like a railroad coach, which, though built by Pullman and
called a palace car, is yet inert, passive, dead ; fit only to be dragged or pushed.
It is like the engine when the steam is throbbing against the piston-rod, instinct
with real life and power, waiting but the touch of the engineer to imprison its
seething energies, aud enable it to "do its share of the world's work.
III. THE QUESTION.
How shall a pupil's mind that is being dragged or pushed, be so awakened and
energized as to move forward, impelled from a motive power within ?
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 127
IV. THE ANSWER.
1. By ('ncouraging parents to visit tbe school-room. Least necessary; but by no
meatis unimportant.
2. By making the schohxrs and its exercises pleasant and attractive. By kind
deportment towards pupils, by ornamenting and making comfortable the school-
room and grounds, by providing facilities for pleasant and profitable out-door
exercises, music, calisthenics, etc. More important than the first, but still not
absolutely necessary.
3. By the power of intellectual leadership and predominance in awakening
ambition and stimulating the mind. A necessary and jjowerful means of accom-
plishing the end aimed at.
4. By the power of personal friendship. Love of the teacher will awaken love
for the work of the school-room. Hate and fear are fatal foes to interest in study.
This is a mightier agent in awakening love of study than any yet named.
5. B_y the contagious power of enthusiasm and interest. All affections of the
mind are violently contagious. A cold, uninterested, inert mind will never awaken
others to intellectual activity. A soul that is energetic, glowing, red-hot, will
impart, its life and heat to all who are brought within its influence. It is by far
the most powerful and indispensable agent in arousing the latent energies of a
pupil's mind. A teacher who is devoid of it should relinquish his vocation and
seek some field of employment where he can do less harm.
The second subject for consideratiou, "How to gain and hold
the attention of pupils," being announced, Prof. J. M. Weath-
erly, of Salisbury, said :
In the first place the teacher should be morally, mentally and physically well
qualified for his oivn work. He should be a model man if he would be a true
teacher. Children unconsciouslj' imbibe the moral and mental atmosphere which
the teacher carries about him. And to gain and hold the attention of his pupils,
he must have their entire confidence in his ability to handle his subject. For his
abilities or inabilities to his pupils will shine through any mask he may attempt
to wear. Children are natural mind-readers, and, while the teacher may think he
is deceiving them, their conduct on recitation and in the school-room will bear
out the assertion that what attention or inattention they may exhibit is in a great
measure but a reflection of the real character of him M'ho acts as their teacher.
The teacher must be frank and unsuspicious. While a certain degree of super-
vision must be exercised over children and youth, it should be remembered that
the teacher must appeal to a certain sense of honor, which all possess in some
degree, if he would gain entire control of all their actions. He should not make
a show of watching his pupils, but be ever on his guard. He should be kind and
polite. There are many occasions where the teacher may show a kind disposi-
tion and gain a power over his pupils which force would never gain. He should
be conscientious and agreeable. These qualities control in reality all others. He
should leave nothing undone which his conscience tells him to do and which is in
his power to do for the advancement of those under his care. He cannot instruct
unless he is agreeable to his pupils. The teacher who is careless and slovenly in
appearance cannot have much influence with his pupils, and he who cannot place
128 THE XORTH C'AROLIXA TEACHER.
work on the blackboard or elsewhere neatlj' and accurately, cannot expect his
pupils to do so.
To arouse an interest in study and to stimulate the pupils to greater efforts are
two of the main objects of a recitation, and it is not easj" to tell how this should
be done. It is by judicious use of questions, by the proper selection of topics for
study, by assigning lessons of proper length, by the teacher's explaining power,
by proper words of encouragement and commendation, by the teacher's general
manner and bearing toward his pupils, that he will succeed best in gaining and
holding the attention of his pupils. And that teacher is most successful who is
most familiar with his subject and with the best methods of illustration.
Both of the above questions were then announced as being
before the Assembly for general discussion, and several speeches
were made, which were full of interest and practical views.
Prof. I. L. Wright said :
Avoid routine. Have something new both in manner and matter. Let it be
presented in the most attractive style. If subject be stale or difiicult, the resources
of the teacher will have ample scope for exercise. Never allow questions and
answers to drag — let them be quick, decisive, and full. If certain members of the
class are habitually negligent, make them carry the burden of the recitations.
Make them give all the " w%s, " or pass quickly and frequently to them from any
part of the class. Blackboard drafts often draw when nothing else seemingly will.
Prof. Alex. Mclver asserted that much of the lack of attention
on the part of pupils was due to the absence of all enthusiasm on
the part of teacher. The "■ New Education " was doing a great
deal towards improvement in this direction, but this system must
not be too closely followed. There was much in the " Old Edu-
cation" that was good and much in the "New" that was bad.
Prof. C. P. Frazier, of Bush Hill, admonished the teacher on
the first day of school, and all through the term, to Jooh alive and
be alive and the pupils will not nor can be listless and inattentive.
Alw^ays know just what you are going to say to a class, and say
it with spirit, and expect answers in the same way and you will
have them. Don't do all the talking, but make the pupils do
most of the talking, and they will be interested in every recita-
tion.
Mr. R. S. Arrowood, of Concord, said: "Study your work
carefully, know the subject-matter of each recitation before you
go to the class, so that your pupils may drink each day from a
living, running fountain, and not from a stagnant pool, and you
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 129
will never fail to secure the attention of even the most listless one
of your pupils."
Prof E. C. Branson, of Wilson, continued the subject by say-
ing:
Attention may be defined as an intellectual brooding over, a stretching to the
limits of, any particular object of thought. If the object of thought be not in
itself attractive, the mind regards it attentively only under protest. Make school
work interesting and mental action pleasurable. Excite mental action with
methods that regard well the laws of mind development. Here thoughtful
previous preparation for every recitation must be made by the teacher. That
preparation is best which has the teacher do the least talking and the pupil
the most — which puts the mind powers of the pupil to work upon the facts
of a subject. That recitation is a failure which is only a trial of scholarship.
School work must have to do with the getting of knowledge, as necessary to
mental <7roii'</i; and in an exercise of the mind faculties, as essential to mental
strength. Pupils like to do: he must excite interest and rivet attention by having
other mental faculties do. Education is not so much fact getting as mind devel-
opment by an exercise of mind power.
Rev. W. B. Harrell, of Stanly county, gave an interesting illus-
tration of the manner in which he plied questious to his classes
during recitation. This plan gains attention at once and by con-
stant and careful searching for the same facts in a lesson from
various directions, the attention is soon gained and the mind is lead
to grasp and retain almost every point that is to be remembered.
Mr. J. W. Gilliam, of Morton's Store, said the teacher must
not leave the lesson as soon as the class is done with the recita-
tion, but it is to be often talked about and the instruction must
be carried through the entire week.
Maj. W. W. Stringfield, of Waynesville, continued this impor-
tant discussion by giving to the Assembly a very good programme
of exercises which he was accustomed to use in school, and said that
this method tended largely to make the exercises all interesting
and attractive. The pupils all enjoyed the daily work and thus
their attention was gained and held.
Rev. N. B. Cobb, of Hickory, more fully considered the ques-
tion as follows :
While Dr. Harrell was speaking, my mind reverted to my own experience in
school-rooms. On reviewing hastily my acquaintance with the teachers of the
State for the last thirty years, I can now recall but two who had the happy faculty
130 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
(^f gaining and keeping the undivided attention of every individual in their classes,
and neither of these was a man to awaken strong personal attachments.
One was the late Chief-Justice Pearson, of this State, and the other, Prof. J.
Madison Watson, of New York. The former was my instructor in Law, and the
latter taught a class in Elocution in the North Carolina University Normal School
a few years ago. I see before me several of his pupils who will confirm what I
am about to say.
I have seen Prof. Watson enter his class-room for the first time at Chapel Hill
to give a lesson on Elocution. There sat before him as pupils 150 young men and
women whose names he did not know, whose character he was unacquainted with,
and whose faces he had never seen except in the College Chapel a few minutes
before. Of course there was no opportunity to bring to bear upon them the
power of personal friendship or of social sympathy to enlist their attention. They
represented every shade of social refinement and intellectual culture, and the
room was filled with the buzzing of voices engaged in private conversation which
was changed by some into comments upon the Northern teacher as he entered the
room. Yet, in less than five minutes, I have seen him ti-ansform that disorderly
assembly into a meek and quiet class of pupils, every individual of which was as
completely under his control as if he or she were the only person in his presence
and undergoing an examination as competitor for a prize. You ask how he did it ?
Well, his method was very simple:
First he requested the class to number, beginning with the first on his right
hand as "No. 1" and ending with the last or farthest from him on the left,
requesting the ladies vi^ho spoke in low tones to give their numbers louder, so that
all the class could hear.
"Now," said he, "as I do not know your names and xnj short stay among you
will preclude the possibility of my learning them, I will address you by yoiir
numbers and request you to invariably occupy in future recitations the same seats
which you now fill. When I call for No. 5, the lady who represents No. 5 will
])lease stand up, repeat her number, and then answer such questions as I may ask;
when I call for No. 6, the gentleman who represents No. 6 will do the same."
(Numbers 5 and 6 were engaged in a private chat, but ceased at once and gave
him their undivided attention). "And when I say 'I thank you,' you can take
your seat." He then called for "No. 19." No. 19 arose, blushing; for she had
just whispered something to No. 20. "Will you state, please, what I have just
said?" No. 19 blushed again and sat down. "Please stand up again." "I thank
you." In this way he proceeded to question the different numbers until the cor-
rect answer was elicited. There was no more whispering after that. The general
had conquered by strategy, not by personal courage, and thenceforth the Professor
was master of the situation.
Judge Pearson as a man was not popular with his students, but as a teacher of
common law, none stood so high in their estimation as he. In fact he was justly
regarded as the best teacher of common law in the whole country. It was not
through his personal popularity nor his character as an individual that he impressed
himself upon them, but through his unbounded confidence in his ability to expound
the law, and the certainty of their obtaining their license to practice law if they
went before the Supreme Court with his recommendation. As a wise general, he
knew how to plan so as to bring all his men into action and make the most of
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 131
every individual soldier upon the field. Ever}' student in the school was a lecturer
and every new-comer aspired to be a teacher of law to those who came after him.
Law was the one theme of conversation among the students whether at the
dinner table, on their morning walks or around their log-cabin Mres. Said one of
them who advised me to prosecute my studies there, "you can't help learning law
there if you stay ; for we eat law, we drink law, we dream law. A man is rated
there, intellectually, solely by his knowledge of Z«w." And I found his assertion
literally true. The dullest pupils soon caught the infection, and so intensely did
they apply themselves to their studies, that sometimes in their sleep you could hear
them muttering pages of Blackstone or Coke.
With these two examples before me, I must think that a teacher's power to
create and foster interest in any study is more a matter of good generalship and
thorough acquaintance with the subject than personal magnetism and friendliness
with the pupil.
Adjourued till to-morrow moruing at 10 o'clock.
MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY,
(CONTINUED.)
Dr. W. A. Lodge, Raleigh. Dr. W. L. Moore, Tallahassee, Fla.
Rev. William Gay, Wilson. W. J. Peele, Raleigh.
W. B. Keadrick, Gordousville, Va. Dr. Geo. R. Thomas, Detroit, Mich.
G. L. Greeson, Tyro. N. D. Johnson, Apex.
G. W. Jones, Clayton. W. B. Bagwell, Cary.
John W. Fleetwood, Woodland. . D. L. Ellis, New Bern.
Rev. S. R. Trawick, Reedy Creek, S. C. W. G. Simmons, Wake Forest.
W. L. Poteat, Wake Forest. ■ Thos. J. Simmons, Durham.
W. J. Young, Leachburg. F. B. Arendell, Raleigh.
T. W. Noland, Waynesville. F. A. Olds, Raleigh.
S. A. Ashe, Raleigh. P. M. Hale, Raleigh.
A. B. Andrews, Raleigh. Rev. R. B. Sutton, Raleigh.
, D. Matt. Thompson, Lincolnton.
Miss Lavinia Kreth, Raleigh. Miss Hattie Kreth, Raleigh.
" Bettie Upchurch, Raleigh. " Annie B. Timberlake, Raleigh.
" Jennie Simpson, Raleigh. " AUie Albertson, Elizabeth City.
" Ida R. Quer}', Query's. Mrs. V. L. Pendleton, Warrenton.
" Mamie B. Morrow, Statesville. " Fannie Morrow, Statesville.
" Hattie J. Weaver, Weaverville. " J. M. Barbee, Raleigh.
Miss E. Gertrude Watlington, Liberty Store.
EDITORIAL.
BE ONE OF THE BEST, ,
There exists in this State a great and increasing demand for
trained teachers. School officers are learning to appreciate merit
and they are consequently making the salaries of their teachers
in somewhat better proportion to their competency. If you in-
tend to be a teacher by profession, don't you think it will pay you
to strive to be only a good one?
The "trained teachers" are not those only who have graduated
from some college, or who have taught in some graded school.
While this kind of training is not objectionable at all, but rather
desirable, yet it is well known that some of our best teachere have
never graduated from any college, and many of the most success-
ful ones have never seen a graded school. There are numbers of
ways of improvement which are accessible to every ambitious
teacher, and proper work towards improvement, carefully and
persistently pursued, can qualify an earnest teacher to preside suc-
cessfully over any school in the Union. Study methods of teach-
ing and then orio-mate your own ; studv the character of vour
pupils and then adapt your teaching to the peculiar traits of each
disposition. Don't try every new method, neither continue in the
old ruts simply because you were taught that way. Don't make
a machine of yourself, but put active life into every action, thought
and expression. Don't give way to discouragement because a
pupil appears stupid and incapable of being taught, but try plan
after plan, and you will eventually succeed if the boy has any
mind at all. Your work as an instructor of our boys and girls
is an exceedingly noble one, and as a teacher you can and ought
to be one of the best.
We heartily thank the County Superintendents for their
many kind words spoken in behalf of The Teacher at their
Institutes durino' the summer.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 133
Read the "Chautauqua" addresses in this issue, and you will
be entertained and instructed.
Our contemporary, The North Carolina Educational Jour-
nal, is improved in its new form, and we congratulate friend
H'eitman.
When you come to the Exposition, you are cordially invited
to visit the office of The Teacher at Alfred Williams & Co.'s
Bookstore, and make yourself at home.
Our sincerest sympathies are extended to Mr. E. T. Alhrit-
ton, County Superintendent for Greene, in the death of his esti-
mable wife, which occurred on 29th ult.
We acknowledge the receipt of catalogue and circular from
nearly all the leading schools of the State, for which we return
thanks. We shall be pleased to have the circular of every school
in North Carolina.
We are indebted to the kindness of Messrs. Fillmore Bros., of
Cincinnati, in allowing us to use the poem, "Ringing of the Old
School Bell," which appeared in August issue. The poem is copy-
righted, and is set to appropriate music in " The Children's Glee
Book.'?
There ought to be a Teachers' Association in every county
of the State, and it will be well for each Association to have a
"Committee upon School Law." These committees throughout
the State should confer with one another and officially suggest to
the newly elected meiiibers of the Legislature from their counties,
such changes in the public school law as may be desirable.
The "Teachers' Assembly" is gaining members every day,
and the next session will have nearly all the leading teachers of
the State in attendance. A recent letter from Colonel Francis W.
Parker says that he can be with us about June 21st. The com-
mittee on arrangements will hold a meeting in a few days and
select the meeting place for next session. Some new and inter-
esting propositions have been made to the Assembly in regard to
permanent location, which will perhaps be formally considered
when regularly presented at next session.
134 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The CHARACTER of the recently uomiuated legislative can-
didates throughout the State is evidence that the people want some
good legislation upon the subject of schools. Most of the candi-
dates are well known friends to education and some of them have
been teachers. These facts promise well for the new school bill.
The PROBLEM in the July Teacher was correctly solved by
Leon B. Humphrey, of Goldsboro, twelve years of age, and the
box of stationery has been forwarded. We congratulate our
young friend upon his suc(?ess, and hope he will tell us what be-
came of the ''Missing Cent" in the "apple problem." A cor-
rect solution was also sent by R. T. Harrison, of Berea, Gran-
ville county. These are the only correct answers yet received.
The " Chronicle Headmg Circle'^ continues to extend its influ-
ence and usefulness. Nearly all the members have purchased the
book for September, and are hard at work in carefully studying
the subject of "Politics," The book for October and November
is "McCarthy's History of our own Times, Vol. I," price in
paper binding, 20 cents; nicely bound in cloth, $1.25. Either
editions may be obtained from Messrs. Alfred Williams & Co.
PERSONAL MENTION.
Miss M. E. Walsh is teaching at Monroe.
Miss Agnes Dysart is teaching at Marion.
Miss E. S. Moore is teaching at Greenville.
Prof. J. D. Rowe continues his school at Hickory.
Mr. R. B. Cox is Principal of Beaufort High School.
Miss Bettie Clarke continues her school at Halifax.
Mrs. Griffin has opened a primary school at Marion.
Mrs. D. B. Garden has a select school at Henderson.
Mr. D. C. Anderson has opened a school at Monroe.
Miss Hattie Greenlee continues her school at Marion.
Miss M. E. Ellison continues her school at Fayetteville.
Miss Mag. Palmer is teaching a music school at Durham.
Miss Annie J. Speed has a prosperous school near Kittrell.
Miss Annie Rhyne is assistant in the Hickory High School.
Mr. J. J. Burnett is Assistant Principal of Anson Institute.
Miss Ada Lansdell, of Roxboro, is teaching near Durham.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 136
Miss Coka Patterson is teaching in Franklin county.
Mr. A. R. Black will open a school at Willard, Pender county.
Miss Georgia Raine has resumed her music classes at Goldsboro.
Miss Eva Price is the teacher of music in the Albemarle Academ}'.
Miss Minnie Williamson is teaching at Mebane, Alamance county.
Mrs. Nunn continues her school for girls and small boys at Monroe.
Mrs. Louisa Badham will open a school at Edenton, September 29th.
Miss Minnie R. Thompson will continue her music school at Edenton.
Prof. W. F. Marshall takes charge of the High School at Fair Bluff.
Mr. C. R. Owen is Principal of the Academy at Westfleld, Stokes county.
Mr. Isaac Sutton has resigned his position in the Wilson Graded School.
Mrs. V. L. Pendleton has charge of a flourishing school at Warrenton.
Mrs. W. S. Barnes has opened a school for small boys and girls at Wilson.
Mr. Z. J. Whitfield continues his school at Seven Springs, Wayne county.
Mr. Robert Ward's school at Bethel, Pitt county, is in successful operation.
Miss Lou Miller, of Goldsboro, has taken charge of a school near Charlotte.
Mr. D. M. Luther has a successful school at Pigeon Valley, Haywood county.
Mr. Sol. Weil has been appointed a tutor in the University of North Carolina.
The Misses Ashe & Battle continue their school at Lilesville, Anson county.
Mrs. W. H. Speight has opened a private school at the old parsonage, Golds-
boro.
Miss Bettie Sharpe, of Statesville, is Assistant Principal of Beaufort High
^ School.
Mr. W. S. Barnes has discontinued the jorimary department of his Wilson
school.
Mr. a. B. Neville-Ferns is Principal of the Stoneville Academy, Rockingham
county.
Miss L. Frank Houston has a line school at LaPlace Academy, in WajTie
county.
Dr. Brantley York has opened a Grammar School at Wesle}' Chapel, Union
county.
Miss Lucie Morton will give insti-uction in instrumental music at Washing-
ton.
Prof. Agthe has again taken charge of the Music Department of Salem Female
Academy.
Prof. C. U. Hill has accepted the position of Principal of the Washington
Academy.
Prof. J. D. Murphy has assumed the duties of Principal of Bethel Academy,
Pitt-county.
Miss Lelia J. Belcher, of Wake county, was married September 3d to Capt.
W. G. Allen.
Mrs. C. C. Pool will open her school for boys and girls at Elizabeth City, Sep-
tember 29th.
Mrs. Foreman and Miss Sparrow will open their school at Washington, Sep-
tember 29th.
" Miss Lizzie Neal, of New Bern, has assumed the principalship of PoUocks-
ville Academy.
Miss Selma Norman, of Walhalla, S. C, is teaching at Yellow Mountain,
Macon county.
Prof. W. D. Vinson, of Davidson College, was married August 27th to Miss
Lillie E. Helper.
Lib THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Mr. H. D. Lee, of long experience in teaching, has charge of a good school at
Newport.
Mr. and Mrs. W. O. Dunn have opened theCastalia Academy under very flat-
tering auspices.
Prof. Y. C. Briggs, of Judson College, is visiting the commercial colleges at
Poughkeepsie.
Miss J. R. Heard has taken a position in the literary department of Davenport
Female College.
Miss Lou Daniel still has charge of the Music Department of LaGrauge Col-
legiate Institute.
Mr. H. W. Spinks is now teaching the nineteenth term of the Albemarle Acad-
emy, Stanly county.
Mr. J. W. Gilliam has a good school at Morton's Store. The eighth term
begins October 20th.
Mrs. E N. Dupuy and Mrs. L. B. Johnson have opened a school for boys and
girls at Henderson.
The . Horner School, of Oxford, will visit the State Exposition during the
month of October.
Mrs. Ilda Stone, of Wake Forest, is in charge of the school at Parker's Cross
Roads, near Greenville.
Profs. Kenneday and Simmons, of the Durham Graded School, have returned
from their European tour.
Miss Lizzie Stanfield has taken charge of the music department of the Dur-
ham Female Seminary.
Miss S. R. Darden, of Judson College, is attending the Normals of Philadel-
phia during her vacation.
Mrs. B. W. Justice continues her school for girls and small boys at 28 North
McDowell street, Raleigh.
Rev. F. S. Starrette, late of Raleigh, has opened a school for boys at Concord.
We wish him great success.
Miss Fannie Waters, of Wilson, has taken a position as teacher in Trinity
School, Chocowinity, N. C.
Messrs. W. L. Crocker and W. B. Bagwell have a very tine school at Cary.
Ninety-six pupils enrolled.
Miss Lucy Morgan will soon open a ten months' school at "Mouticello School-
House," Buncombe county.
Rev. Wm. A. Holliday, of Belvidere, New Jersey, has been elected President
of Biddle Institute, Charlotte.
Miss M. M. Yates, of Greensboro, has accepted the position of teacher of music
in Central Institute, Littleton.
C. L. Riddle, A. B., Principal of the Hertford High School for both sexes, will
open his school September 29th.
Mrs. Caldwell, formerly of Charlotte, is in charge of the music department
of the Waynesville High School.
Rev. C. H. Bernheim has accepted the professorship of Theology and German
in Concordia College, Conover.
Miss Maggie E. Watson is Principal of the Rocky River Academy, near
Tyson's Mill, Chatham county.
Miss Nannie Shepherd has taken charge of the Primary Department of Clin-
ton Collegiate Institute, at Clinton.
THE NORTH CAROJ.INA TEACHER. 137
Miss Lucy A. Tighe, of Raleigh, has accepted a position as teacher in St.
Francis High School, of Fair Haven, Conn.
Mr. a. G. Rembert, A. M., a graduate of Wott'ord College, has taken a posi-
tion as Assistant in Laurinburg High School.
Miss Mamie A. Todd, an honor graduate of Nashville Normal College, is an
assistant teacher in Waynesville High School.
Miss Mollie L. Steelman has engaged as Assistant Principal of the High
School at Cross Road's Church, Yadkin county.
Miss Mollie F. Herring, formerly of Wilson Collegiate Institute, has accepted
a place as teacher in the Wilson Graded School.
Rev. Daniel Atkins, President of Weaverville College, began the fall session
September 1 1th, with very encouraging prospects.
Rev. W. B. Harkell is Princiijal of the Big Lick Academy, Stanly county.
Mrs. Uarrell has charge of the music department.
Misses Purcell and McRae have a flourishing school at Monroe. Miss McRae
is a graduate of Reidsville (S. C.) Female Seminarj'.
Miss S. Lizzie Kerr has resigned her position as assistant in Statesville Female
College, and has been summering at Blowing Rock.
Mr. Peter McIntyre, Principal of Faison Graded School, very ably assisted
Mr. B. F. Grady, Jr., in his recent Institute for Duplin.
Professor Holmes, of the University, is collecting botanical specimens in
Duplin, Onslow and Pender for the State Exposition.
Miss Emily Cambpell and Mrs. Junius Daniel have resumed the exercises
of the Weldon Home School for j'oung ladies and small boys.
Dr. S. Mattoon has retired as President of Biddle Institute, Charlotte, and
will devote himself to the Chair of Theology in that institution.
Mr. Robert S. Arrowood, Treasurer of the "Teachers' Assembly," opened
school at Concord on 1st instant, under most favorable auspices.
Miss Chamberlain, a lady of much experience, has become associated with
Mrs. Utley, of Fayetteville, in her Kindergarten and private school.
Hon. J. C. Scarborough, our State Superintendent of Public Instruction, has
been delivering educational addresses in the western part of the State.
Miss Mary T. Pescud has accepted a position as instructor in LaGrange Semi-
nary, Georgia. We regret to lose so excellent a teacher from the State.
Miss Mamie A. Todd, a graduate of the Nashville State Normal College of Ten-
nessee, has accepted a place as teacher in the Waynesville High School.
Mr. O. C. Hamilton has been for eight years Principal of the Yadkin Mineral
Springs Institute for males and females, at Palmersville, Stanly county.
Prof. S. L. Sheep will open the Elizabeth City Academy for boys and girls
October 6th. He will be assisted by Miss S. E. Martin as Lady-Principal.
Prof. H.'H. Williams, of LaGrange, has left his school in charge of Messrs.
B. F. White and W. D. Mclver, and will finish his course at Yale College.
Miss Nora King, of Wilson, has accepted the position of instructor of the
Advanced Musical Department of Gordousville Female College, Virginia.
Mr. D. S. Allen, County Superintendent for Vance county, assisted by Miss
Sue Giles, has established at Kittrell a good school for girls and small boys.
Miss M. E. Carter, a graduate of Greensboro Female College (in which insti-
tution for considerable time a teacher), and late Principal of Farmville (Va. )
Female College, has accepted the position of Principal of the Methodist Female
Seminary, Durham.
138 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Miss Mary Locke McCorkle, of Newton, a graduate of the Boston Conserva-
tory of Music, has assumed the position of Music Director in Anson Institute.
Miss Laura Flow, a teacher in the Yadkin Mineral Springs Institute of Stanly
county, is dead. She was an accomplished teacher and an exemplary Christian
lady.
Prof. C. H. Martin, a graduate of Wake Forest and also of the University of
Virginia, is Principal of Yadkin Mineral Springs Academy, Palmersville, Stanly
county.
Prof. J. F. Hamilton, of Richmond county, will spend six weeks in the Balti-
more schools, for the purpose of better equipping himself for the duties of the
school-room.
Mrs. George T. Lansdell has taken charge of the Durham Female Seminary.
She is a graduate of Peace Institute, and has had charge of the Roxboro Adademy
for a year or two.
Mr. W. O. McCanless is Principal of the Bilesville Academy for males and
females, in Stanly county. Mrs. McCanless, an experienced teacher, is in charge
of the female department.
Miss Linda Rumple, Miss Rosa McCorkle, Miss Minnie Helper and Miss Cor-
nelius have gone to the Boston Conservatory of Music to perfect themselves in
that branch of education.
Mr. W. a. Blair, of Haverford College and Harvard College, continues his
High School for males and females at High Point. His motto is " Know Some-
thing ; Be Something; Do Something."
Mr. D. L. Ellis, late of Falling Creek Academy, has accepted a position in the
New Bern Graded School. Mr. Ellis is a graduate of the Tennessee Normal
School, and one of our foremost teachers.
Miss Ella J. Mitchell, of Raleigh, a graduate of Peace Institute, where she
won the Baumann Gold Medal, has accepted the position of teacher of vocal and
instrumental music in Huntersville Academy.
Miss Lucy E. Foster, formerly a music teacher at Kittrell, Greensboro and
Louisburg, died September 4th. She was a lady of rare accomplishments and
great usefulness — a sweet-spirited Christian character.
Mr. George W. Sparger has resigned his position as Principal of Mount Airy
High School and County Superintendent for Surry county, and takes charge as
Principal of Samuel Bailey Institute at Griffin, Georgia.
Prof. J. J. Fray, President of the "North Carolina Teachers' Assembly,"
returns from his summer sojourn at Red Sulphur Springs improved in health,
much to the gratification of his great number of friends.
Mr. William Baxter Phillips, a native of Randolph county, but for some
years a teacher in the Albemarle Academy, Stanly countj', died there August 10th,
of typhoid fever. He was a most accomplished instructor and a leading member
of the Methodist Church.
Miss Lessie M. Southgate, a graduate of the New York Conservatory of
Music, is Musical Director and teaciier of Calisthenics in the Methodist Female
Seminary, Durham. She was awarded the Silver Medal for the best piano solo at
the Goldboro Grand Concerts.
Prof. T. J. Mitchell, Superintendent of the Charlotte Graded Schools, at-
tended the State Teachers' Institute at Spartanburg, S. C. He gave a talk on the
methods of keeping children interested and employed in the school-room, which
was pronounced by a correspondent of the C/iarlestoii Neicsaiid Courier as '' One of
the most interesting and practical talks he ever heard."
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 139
NE¥ BOOKS.
Plant Analysis. By W. A. Kellernian, Ph. D. Philadelphia: John E.
Putter & C<i.
Tills is a very useful work to the beginner in Botany, as it furnishes care-
fully arranged keys by which all the common wild flowers may be easily and
readily identified. The nomenclature and arrangement conform mainly to
those in Gray's Manual. The plants which are mentioned in the work are
those found in Northern United States. There is need for a book of this kind
specially for the plants and flowers of the South.
Word Lessons. By Alonzo Reed, A. M. New York: Clark & Maynard.
Teachers who have been using Prof Reed's ''Graded" and "Higher Les-
sons in English" will be pleased to introduce the author's new "Word Les-
sons." This is indeed an admirable Speller because the arrangement is new
and the plan is such as will be sure to produce good results whenever the
book is used.. We cannot do without the spelling-book in the school, and what
we want is a good one. Send ftir a copy of " Reed's W^ord Lessons," and you
will adopt it at once.
A Short Course in Chemistry, for the Use of Academies and High
Schools. By E. J. Houston, A. M., author of Houston's Physical Geog-
raphy. Philadelphia: Eldredge & Bro. Price, §1.00. To Teachers, for
examination, 60 cents.
Most of our teachers are familiar with Prof. Houston's text-books, as they
are quite extensively used in this State and are everywhere popular. His
" First Course in Chemistry" will be found admirably adapted to elementary
classes in Chemistry, as the book is prepared with great care, and the author
has succeeded in simplifying the science to meet the comprehension of the
pupils for whom it is intended. The work abounds in easy, simple experiments
such as will serve to impress the facts upon the minds of scholars.
Inductive Arithmetic. A comprehensive and practical treatise, embracing
the latest and most approved methods of performing numerical computa-
tions. By W. H. Sadler. Baltimore: W. H. Sadler, Publisher. Price,
Part 1, 85 cents ; Part 2, §1.00; Complete, §1.50.
This is indeed one of the most admirable works upon Arithmetic that we
have ever seen. It is a thoroughly complete and practical text-book, contain-
ing every principle of arithmetic, custom of business or item of information
that will be found necessary to a comprehension of the subjects treated.
The work is not condensed beyond usefulness, as is the case with some books
of this class; it contains over seven hundred pages, and is exceedingly practi-
cal and progressive in every respect ; for this reason it is peculiarly adapted
for use in Normal Schools, Higher Schools and Academies, and the higher
classes in grammar schools, which make a specialty of thorough instruction in
this branch. It will be very valuable to teachers who desire a complete
knowledge of arithmetic. We recommend it cordially and advise our teach-
ers to examine the book.
140 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
TEICHERS' BUREIU.
J [J?®="The North Carolina Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioued iu this
department, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of Thk
Teacher and they will be promptly forwarded.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
29. A yonng lady who has had several years' experience, and can give good
references, desires a situation to teach English ; also, Music, and French, if
desired.
30. A young lady who can teach all the English branches and Higher
Mathematics.
31. A young lady who has had five years' experience as assistant in a female
seminary. Primary teaching a specialty. Is well acquainted with " New
Methods," and is proficient in Calisthenic drill.
32. A lady, with long experience in teaching, capable of training pupils
thoroughly in all the English branches.
33. A young lady, with considerable experience, desires a situation as
teacher in a private family or in a public school.
34. A gentleman who has been teaching successfully for several years, would
like a situation as teacher in a graded school.
35. A young lady who has had some years' experience in teaching, desires
a situation as an assistant in a school. Has attended one Normal.
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Ealeigh, OctobeE; 1884. IS'o. 4.
A SCHOOL-DM INCIDENT.
BY WILL F. M.;SPARRAN.
*' Now, Johu," the district teacher says,
With frown that scarce can hide
The dimpling smiles around her mouth,
Where Cupid's hosts abide,
*'What«have you done to Mary Ann,
That she is crying so ?
Don't say 'twas 'nothing' — don't, I say,
For, John, that can't be so.
''For Mary Ann would never cry
At nothing, I am sure;
And if you've wounded justice, John,
You know the only cure
Is punishment ! So, come, stand up ;
Transgression must abide
The pain attendant on the scheme
That makes it justified."
So John steps forth, with sun-burnt face,
And hair all in a tumble.
His laughing eyes a contrast to
His drooping mouth so humble.
"Now, Mary, you must tell me all —
I see that John will not,
And if he's been unkind or rude,
I'll whip him on the spot."
142 ITHE XORTH CAEOLIInA TEACHKR,
" W — we were p — ^[jlayiii' p — ^pris''ner'& b — liase,
An' h — he is s — such a t — tease^
An' w — when I w — ^wasn't 1 — lookin'', ni — ma'ani,
H — he k — /asses me — if you please 1'^
Upon the teacher's face the smiles
Have triumphed o''er the frown^
A pleasant thought runs through her mind.
The stick comes harmless down.
But outraged law must be avenged !
Begone, ye smiles, begone I
Away, ye little dreams of love,
Come on, ye frowns, come on !
" I think I'll have to whip you, John,
Such conduct breaks the rule;
No boy, except a naughty one.
Would kiss a girl — at school.""
Again the teacher's rod is raised,
A Nemesis she stands —
A premium were put on sin.
If punished by such hands I
As when the bee explores the rose
We see the petals tremble,
So trembled Mary's rose-bud lips —
Her heart would not dissemble.
"I wouldn't whip him vet-y hard" —
The stick stops in its fall —
"It wasn't right to do it, but —
It didn't hurt at all !"
" What made you cry, then, Mary Ann ?"
The school's noise makes a pause,
And out upon the listening air.
From Mary comes — " Because !"
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 143
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
JOSEPH PMNE ON EDUCATION.
BY LOUISE HOUGHTON, AMHERST, MASS.
The subject of education, its how and its lohy, its methods and
its aims, is one of ever growing interest. The recent conflict
of opinion as to the relative merits of a classical and a scientific
education has largely contributed to popularize this interest and
to show to the unthinlcing multitude of parents and teachers that
the true end of education is not information, but development.
What may be the best method of accomplishing this end is by no
means so well understood, and Professor Payne's "Lectures on
the Science and Art of Edu(;ation," recently issued in England,
are therefore timely.
The author is at some pains to prove that there is a Science as
well as an Art of Education, an attempt which was probably
more necessary ten years ago, when the lectures were delivered,
than at the present moment. Yet there are teachers enough who,
while willing to admit the fact of such a science, are little con-
cerned to investigate its principles, and there are many who have
still to learn that the science of education consists in discovering
Nature's method of teaching, and adapting it to the requirements
of each individual case. For there are two methods of teaching,
the Elementary and the Scientific, and every child who comes into
the teacher's hands has ah*eady, in Nature's school, been taught
many things by the former of these methods. Thus he has
learned to walk, to talk, to play, to observe, to investigate, to
invent; and he has learned these things not with reluctance and
with pain, but with delight, with interest, with a sense of pleas-
ure so intense as often to render him oblivious of fatigue and hun-
ger and much bodily discomfort. .
For Nature, less tender than his later school-masters, is not
sparing of punishment, and permits no single error to pass unre-
quited by pain. The lessons learned in this hard, yet delightful
school, will never be forgotten : they have entered into the very
144 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
fibre of the pupil's being, and are his own without an effort of
remembrance ; and it is the teacher's business to investigate the
methods by which Nature has thus taught the child, and to carry
on his further education by an adaptation of the same methods.
The Elementary method of Nature is directly opposed to the
Scientific method of the school-master, in that it deals first with
the near, the actual, the concrete, leading the mind from particu-
lars to generals, from the known to the unknown, whereas the
Scientific method deals first with the abstract, with rules and
formulse and broad generalizations, proceeding from them to the
concrete, to examples and particulars and things already known.
The latter method, which is that of existing school systems, in
Prof. Payne's view is suited only to the advanced student, whose
faculties have been developed by the Elementary method, and to
him only in the more advanced stages of pursuit of any branch
of knowledge, only when the pupil begins to feel his need of
definitions and technical terms and formuke. This, as Dean Stan-
ley tells us, was Arnold's method. His principle was, that the
intelligence of every individual boy must.first of all be awakened.
As a rule, he never gave infoBpiation except as a reward for an
answer, and even then he would withhold it if he thought the
mind not prepared to receive it ; for it is what the pupil does,
not what the teacher does that is the essential part of the process,
and "that portion only of the teacher's teaching will be received
and assimilated for which the previous instruction has prepared
the mind ; all the rest will flow away and leave no impression
whatever behind it." The teacher must, therefore, have studied
each mind before him, and learned its individual condition and
wants before he can properly undertake to guide it to the acqui-
sition of knowledge.
It is obvious that the equipmeut of the primary teacher who
would adopt this Elementary method, must be comprehensive and
thorouo;h. Nothino; less is needed than a familiar and sound
acquaintance with the principles of psychology, of physiology, of
logic and of ethics, with a knowled<>'e of all the best methods of
instruction drawu from a study of the best writers, from Plato to
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 145
Herbert Spencer. Knowledge of the subject to be taught is of
entirely secondary, though of real importance : it is the individual
to be taught who is first to be studied; for whereas, by the
Scientific method not every one who knows a subject can teach
it, yet conceded that he who knows how to teach by the Ele-
mentary method may teach a thing without knowing it. The
teacher is not required to know in order to communicate
knowledge, but that he may guide the pupil in his independent
search after knowledge. The learning must be done by the
pupil himself, or there is no learning: the function of the
teacher is that of "' an external moral force always in operation to
excite, maintain and direct the mental action of the pupil, to en-
courage and sympathize with his efforts, but never to supersede
them."
Thus the teacher is never to tell the pupil anything he can
learn for himself, nor should any book be given him for that pur-
pose. "To tell the child what he can learn for himself is to neu-
tralize his efforts, consequently to enfeeble his powers, to quench
his interest in the subject to defeat, in short, all the ends of true
education." Things which he cannot learn of himself are things
unsuited to the actual state of his mind. If he waits to learn
them until his mind is in a proper state, his knowledge will
become as Dr. John Brown has said of his essence. Even the
multiplication table and Latin declensions should not be taught
until the child has dealt with some facts of number and of Latin,
and has come thus to have some idea of the usefulness of such
knowledge. Geography and spelling too, should first be taught
on the same plan, and thus numbered among the actual acquisi-
tions of the pupil. The knowledge thus obtained will be valued.
A child so taught will never be tempted, let us hope, to "speak
disrespectfully of the equator."
In this Elementary method pleasure is an important element.
A pupil will take a pleasure in his own discoveries which he can-
not take in those of others; and the child unspoiled by the methods
of the primary school always prefers to do his own work. " I
can do it myself," the proud moth of the very little child reveals
146 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
an iutiuct which will be cultivated, not killed, by the judicious
teacher. Why is it that the child in Nature's school is never idle,
while sloth and idleness are the most crying characteristics of the
school-boy? Is it not because the teacher's mistaken help has
sapped away that consciousness of power which is the chief ele-
ment of delight in work ?
Method, then, should be based upon JSTature, but it should be
an improvement on Nature. It should be organized, not desultry ;
sympathetic, not cruel. Therefore the only suitable teacher of
the little child is the wisest, many the tenderest, the most sympa-
thetic. The Jesuits knew this when they placed over their primary
schools only those who had excelled in teaching advanced pupils.
Pestalozzi proved to the world that the heart is more concerned
in this system than the head, for the heart was well-nigh all with
him, unlearned, peculiar, uncouth as he was, yet what miracles of
teaching he wrought upon the poorest, most abandoned, most
degraded of German children !
The conclusion of the whole matter is a plea for a longer pre-
liminary training of children's minds before books are placed in
their hands; and, for the continued subordination of knoicledge to
training. Mechanics and mathematics are well adapted to be
means of this preparatory training because they may be made so
interesting, but languages may and ought to be taught by the
same method and become equally a means of training. Science,
indeed, in Prof. Payne's opinion, is worth no more than language,
as far as its effect upon the mental powers is concerned unless it
is taught by the Elementary method and not from books. Books,
indeed, are an impertinence to the beginner in Science; the only
knowledge which can avail him is a knowledge from experience.
The use of books comes later, when he has learned to investigate,
to observe and to reason for himself.
This Elementary method is as well adapted to the stupid chil-
dren as to the bright. No child who is capable of being inter-
ested in a new idea — and wdiat child is not — some who are not too
stupid to play, are too stupid to learn by a method based on play —
that is the child's own method of learuina: in Nature's school.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 147
However stupid, he has already learned far more difficult lessons
than will be again presented to him. All that is needed is that
his nature be thoroughly understood and sympathized with by
the teacher.
It will be a happy day for the children when these principles
are in some degree adopted, and "learning without tears" be-
comes the order of the school-room.
KNO¥ING KNUCKLES,
Have you tried this in your school ? If, not try it. During
your programme time for general exercises take time for this one :
With school in order, turn the palm of your left hand in line
parallel with the floor and facing it ; with the index finger of the
right hand, touch the knuckle of the first finger on left hand; as
you do this say January; touch the space between the first and
second knuckle and say February ; touch next knuckle and say
March, and so on through to last knuckle, when you will have
July; then come back to first knuckle and say August, and thus
continue until you reach December. Xow repeat and have the
pupils follow you, performing the same movements. Repeat
again and continue until nearly or quite all can name the months
in order. AVhen this is done, call the attention of the school to
the fact that every time you touch a knuckle, the month men-
tioned contains thirty-one days; and that when you touch the
space between the knuckles, the month mentioned contains some
other number; this other number must be either twenty-eight,
twenty-nine or thirty. Usually for February it is twenty-eight,
but twenty-nine for leap year, and all other months mentioned
must be thirty.
If your school does not get this at one exercise, then you are at
fault in giving it. Too much talk and not enough do about it, eh?
148 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
If your institute conductor has not yet given this exercise,
please request him to do so. — Ind. School Journal.
[For the IS'orth Carolina Teacher.]
TEACHERS' EDUCATIONIL SSSOCISTION,
BY S. G. ATKINS, SECRETARY.
The North Carolina State Teachers' Educational Association
will hold its third annual meeting on November 12th, 13th and
14th, 1884, in the city of Raleigh.
Now, Teachers and Educators, you cannot be too active and
prompt in doing what you can to make it the Association it was
organized to be. The object of this Association is explicitly
stated in the second article of our constitution ; and a noble object
it is, "to promote the general educational welfare of the colored
people of North Carolina."
Fellow-Teachers : You are aware that this object will be reached
if this Association is attended, and the educational status reviewed
and improved as far as contact with one another will allow. It
is an established fact, confirmed by living precedents throughout
the civilized world, that such conferences are essential to the
progress of any institution and the efficiency of any profession.
Then let us keep pace with the progress of these times, let us
make ourselves full worthy by laboring to be teachers indeed ;
and those " well up " on the best methods of teaching.
I am sorry, colored teachers of North Carolina, that so few
have shown themselves interested in this powerful agent to our
efficiency.
Our roll of members is about seventy, when it should be two
hundred and seventy; but let us remember that there yet is room,
and while some may have a delicacy in coming in so late as the
third convention, yet come and join our marshaled band for the
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 149
destruction of the kingdom of ignorance and the establishment of
the temple of wisdom upon the ruins thereof.
Now, teachers, remember the Association convenes on the 12th
of November.
And in the language of one of the heroines in the cause of
educational progress in our State, " That the future North Caro-
lina, so far as depends upon us, may not be wanting in God-fear-
ing, as well as intelligent citizens, let us continually implore
Divine help in our work, while faithfully using the strength,
talent and opportunities given us ; and in so doing we may confi-
dently hope to do our part toward making North Carolina,
because the best endowed with intelligence and uprightness among
the masses of her people, the grandest of all the States of our
republic."
[For the North Carolina Teacher,]
LIFE IN OUR SCHOOLS.
BY JOHN S. SMILEY, COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, SWAIN CO.
They are doing better every year, and we have great reason to
take courage.
The people of this section are taking a greater interest in the
schools.
They demand better teachers and pay better wages. The
wages of our teachers have been increased about twenty per cent,
this year.
This is adding life to the teachers, but they must not be satis-
fied with their pay and pass away the school as mere selfish time-
servers ; they should endeavor, a-s they live, to cause the schools
to live also.
If the teacher is thoroughly alive to his work, is prompt in
his hours under the programme, in fact, if he has a programme
and uses it punctually, thus becoming the example, or model for
150 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
his pupils, they will imbibe of his spirit and he will have uo
trouble in bringing about regularity in attendance.
Make the pupils believe that you know what you are doing.
Never attempt a thing in the school-room or out of it, that is not
worthy of imitation.
The new methods of teaching add much to the interest of the
class and life of the school, and we now realize the fact that even
our public schools may deal with many important branches of
learning. Orthography, Definition, Keading, Writing, Arithme-
tic, English Grammar, Geography, History, Physiology and
Philosophy all may be taught in our Free Schools.
Now, the question comes up, how are we to keep the pupils
properly interested in their studies'?
The answer is, conduct the recitations so as to arouse a thirst
for knowledge, and so that their studies will not be dry details,
but truly refreshing ideas and thing-s that will be sure to impress
the memory of all.
Have fewer lessons per day and have them well imderstood,
never accept a lesson or let it paas by until you have painted it
like sunbeams upon even the dullest minds. Do not talk much,
but act, act, act. For very small pupils, have wi'iting upon the
slates, and as soon as possible have arithmetic and geography.
Have the classes to become their own teacher as far as possible and
keep up a sharp criticism, especially when conducting recitations.
Have something new every day — something learned every day —
and life and love will rule out all other troubles.
RIGHTS OF TEACHERS.
Teachers have some rights which trustees and school boards
should feel bound to respect. When a teacher has taught a good
school, other things being equal, he has a right to the same place.
The interest of the school as w^ell as justice to the teacher demands
this. If the teacher is at all capable he will teach a much better
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 151
school when he has become thoroughly acquainted with pupils
and patrous. If a teacher is made to feel that efficient, faithful
work is to stand for nothing in the way of retaining a position, a
great incentive to hard work is removed. The rule should be to
re-employ a teacher unless there is some good reason for doing
otherwise, and this should hold in country and city alike. In a
city employing a superintendent, if a teacher does not give satis-
faction he should be honestly and frankly criticised, and given to
definitely understand wherein his fault lies. This gives a teacher
ample opportunity to correct faults, and if he fails to do so, he
has no ground to complain if not retained. The custom with
some superintendents and school boards is to allow an unsatisfac-
tory teacher to run on to the end of the year and then drop him;
this beinff the first intimation the teacher has had that his work
was unsatisfactory. As a rule, a teacher or a superintendent who
is not to be re-employed should be notified of the fact before the
end of the term or year, that he may perfect his plans or have
the opportunity of resigning.
A teacher's reputation is his capital, and a school board has
no right to needlessly impair it.
The above article was suggested by the action of a school board
that recently dropped a superintendent without any warning
whatever; and of another board that dropped several teachers
without warning to them or the superintendent, and against the
wishes of the superintendent.
Committees who cannot place the highest interest of the school
above all personal, social, and partisan influences are not worthy
to hold the office. — Indiana School Journal.
THE EDUCATION BOOM.
I have never known as much interest manifested in the cause
of education as uow exists in this State. Large and prosperous
schools are iu operation in almost every town and village, excel-
lent graded schools are the order in all our larger towns, while
152 THE NORTH CAROLTNTA TEACHER.
academies and high schools are liberally patronized in many coun-
try neighborhoods, and our free schools have generally improved
in quality and numbers within the last few years. Having
traveled extensively in the State, and addressed many audiences
on this subject only a few years ago, I cannot be mistaken in my
opinion about the matter. I should judge that Lenoir county is
ahead of any other in the State in this particular, and in this part
of the State Cleveland seems to take the lead. Indeed, I am dis-
posed to think, from all I can learn, that this county is improving
in many respects more rapidly than any of its adjoining sisters. —
Rev. T. H. Pritehanl, D, D., Wilmington, K C.
THE QUESTION BOX.
[In answering these questions in arithmetic, teachers will please give the solutions.]
1. Explain why the difference of the squares of any two num-
bers that differ only by unity, is equal to the sum of the two
numbers.
2. At what rate would $500 have to be loaned to amount to
$1,079.46 in ten years, the interest being compounded annually ?
3. A and B purchased jointly one hundred sheep for $200, each
paying $100. A agreed for B to pick out the best, on condition
of his paying 50 cents more a head than A. How much per
head did each pay; and how many did each get? To be solved
arithmetically.
4. "I sat me down a pensive hour to spend." Parse "me."
5. "Your committee, wdiose duty it is, beg leave to make the
follomng report." Is the above correct ? If not, correct and give
reason.
6. "Heaven bestows its gifts on whatever man will use them."
What is the object of "on"?
7. Mrs. Hemans wn'ote, "Whence all but he had fled." Did
she write a correct sentence?
8. Isn't it correct to say, "this marble is rounder than that?"
If not, why not?
Berea, N. C. W. T. Lyon.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 153
WHERE SMILL THE ASSEMBLY BE HELD?
The place for next meeting of the North Carolina Teachers'
Assembly will soon be chosen by the committee appointed for
this purpose, and much interest is being manifested concerning
the selection. Several propositions have been made to the com-
mittee, and the selection of place of meeting will be made with
the greatest care, giving due consideration to all the enjoyments
and interests of the members of the Assembly.
Among the meeting-places now prominent before the commit-
tee are the following :
1st. Hayipood White Sulphur Springs. This is near Waynes-
ville, and is where the meeting was held this past summer. The
beauties and attractions of the place and surroundings are well
known to all who were in attendance upon last session.
2d. Nag's Head. This place is one of the most pleasant sea-
side resorts to be found in the Union. It is immediately upon
the Atlantic Ocean, and offers all the delights of surf bathing,
sailing and fishing. The long, white hard beach is well adapted
to promonading purposes. The place is easy of access by steamer
from New Bern, from Norfolk or from Edenton. A commo-
dious and w^ell arranged hotel is here which will easily accommo-
date the Assembly.
3d. Bloiving Rock. There is no place in all our mountain
country more beautifully situated than this popular summer home.
It is over four thousand feet above sea-level, higher than any
town in the State, and is surrounded by scenery of unsurpassed
loveliness. A large hotel is to be built here, and it will be ready
for occupancy by first of next May. This would provide ample
entertainment for all our members, and also a convenient room
for the exercises of the session. Blowing Rock is reached by easy
staging over a good mountain road, twenty miles from Lenoir.
4th. Black Mountain. This is comparatively a new summer
resort upon the Western North Carolina Railroad, and has al-
ready become very popular. It is about twenty-five hundred feet
high, ten miles from Round Knob Hotel and sixteen miles from
154 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Asheville. The scenery is very fine and a new and large hotel
has recently been built here, which will afford ample accommoda-
tions for all. If this place, so conveniently situated, is selected
the Assembly will have the pleasures of the famous and startling
ride across the Blue Ridge Mountains, with the enchanting scenes
along "R-oyal Gorge" and about "Rouud Knob." Col. An-
drews, president of the railroad, will arrange very cheap excur-
sions to Warm Springs, Asheville, and to Charleston, in Swain
county. A special traiu will carry over to Asheville every Sun-
day morning, all who desire to attend religious services at any of
the churches. The country about Black Mountain affords excel-
lent drives and many delightful rambles may be found among the
mountains and dales. The celebrated Swanuanoa tunnel is within
easy walking distance.
The committee on arrangements will be considerably aided in
making a satisfactory selection of place for our next meeting if
the members of the Assembly will kindly give an expression of
opinion by letter as to their preference.
The hotel and railroad rates will be cheaper than ever, and
many special privileges will be given to the Assembly which will
add greatly to the comfort and enjoyment. The ticket will be
extended to six weeks and two leaving trains will be provided so
as to accommodate nearlv everv teacher in the State.
IN EXCELLENT IDEI,
The teachers of the Wilson Graded School are mindful of the
fact that teachers, in common with the members of any profession,
need cultivation in three directions — (1) in an ever-increasing
knowledge of subjects, (2) in the line of professional knowledge,
and (3) in the direction of general literature. They are, there-
fore, this year, taking regularly a ten months' course in North
Carolina History with collateral United States History, in Em-
pirical Psychology, and are also reading for ciiscussion the first
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 155
series of Emerson's Essays. North Carolina History ought to be
the ''hobby" of every teacher in onr State, just as it has been
Mr. Branson's, the superintendent of this school, whose private
library on the subject is probably the fullest of its kind in the
State. His teachers are fortunate in having access to it.
As to Psychology — its study from books, experimentally in
the school-room, and iutrospectively, is largely essential to any
teacher's success. How can teachers, who know nothing scienti-
fically of mind, its faculties, their modes of action and order of
development, "dev^elop and train the mental powers harmoni-
ously and symmetrically?" Is not this idea of Prof. Branson
and his teachers a capital one? Systematized work for teachers'
meetings is just the thing most needed. The weekly teachers'
meetings are absolutely necessary in successful graded school
work, and we believe that every principal in the State has fully
realized this fact, but much time is lost if the meetings are held
without any clearly defined object and systematic course of im-
provement to be pursued.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS.
EUGENE CUNINGGHM.
1. The water power of North Carolina would turn 140,000,000
spindles, thirteen times the number now in ojjeration in the entire
United States.
2. Timothy, the widely known farm grass, grows indigenously
in the Albemarl section and was first discovered there.
3. John Lawson, the first historian of North Carolina, was
burned at the stake by the Tuscarora Indians, about 18 miles
above New Bern, on the Neuse, 1711.
4. The first book published in North Carolina was the "Yellow
Jacket," a code of the State's laws, from the press of James
Davis, of New Bern, 1752.
5. North Carolina was the first State to declare, as a State, for
Independence, April 12, 1776, at Halifax.
156 THE >;ORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHER.
OUR TEHCHERS SND THE EXPOSITION.
We have long held to the opinion that Xorth Carolina was
making more headway in educational matters than was to be seen
in any other one of the Southern States, and the progress was
excelled by no State in the Union, The wonderful and extensive
exhibit of our natural resources and products of our manufac-
tories has made us doubly proud of the dear old State, and we with
greater emphasis than ever before say: "Ho, for Carolina, that's
the land for me,'' feeling that we detract nothing from the glory of
the other States of the Union when we claim that North Carolina
is greatest of them all in the marvelous ranp-e of her material
worth.
The exhibition at Raleigh, which has been witnessed by many
thousands of our people, and also by a large number of visitors
from other States, has been satisfactory to all, beyond the most
sanguine expectations. It has been a profoundly deep and pro-
fusely illustrated lecture upon the State's actual growth and possi-
bilities, the value of which cannot be estimated. Our educational
interests have been specially benefited by this great exhibit, as it
has awakened in the minds of teachers and pupils a grander con-
ception and appreciation of their native State, and such a result
is exceedingly desirable as pertaining to the coming generation of
men and women. It is gratifving to know that a great number
of our teachers have taken advantage of the opportunities for
acquiring information which this rare exhibition has afforded,
and the only regret is that every teacher in the State has not been
a witness to North Carolina's greatness. We give below a list of
teachers whose names were registered at the office of The
Teacher during the progress of the Exposition :
W. E. Wooten, S. L. Sheep, D. R. Mclver,
Rev. R. B. Sutton, Hugh Morson, J. R. Rust,
Jas. H. Lindsay, Robert P. Pell, A. J. McAlpine,
A. R. Morgan, Rev. John E. Kelly, J. A. Campbell,
A. L. Betts, M. C. S. Noble, John B. Burwell,
S. M. Williams, L. E. Mann, S. P. Record,
fiOltTH
c^/»OL/^4srxrFL/B^^^y
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
157
H. E. Thompson,
B. W. Ray,
G. D. Ellsworth,
W. B. Royall,
E. P. Hobgood,
W. L. Poteat,
C. N. Allen,
George A. Grimsle}-,
Rev- C. C. New-ton,
N. C. English,
Robert Bingham,
Rev. E. L. Wood,
L. E. Cole,
W. B. Bagwell,
J. A. B. L, Hurley,
I. L. Wright,
W. H. Pegram,
Eugene C. Branson,
A. Anderson,
D. R. Tillinghast,
E. P. Venable,
E. W. Kenneday,
J. M. Weatherly,
John E. Dugger,
E. W. Wilcox,
Rev. B. Smedes,
W. J. Young,
W. C. Pullen,
L. M. Warlick,
D. L. Ellis,
A. Baumann,
Dr. T. M. Jones,
Mrs. Y. L. Pendleton,
" J. M. Barbee,
" W. F. Mercer,
" J. A. McDonald,
" S. J. Whitaker,
" A. Baumann,
Miss Florence Telfair,
'' Myrtle Watson,
" Juliet N. Sutton,
, " Ella W. Fleming,
" B. N. Johnson,
" Annie Warren,
" • Linda Rand,
" Eva E. Cox,
" M. O. Brown,
*' Lou. A. Purcell,
' ' Fannie E . Thomps
" E. A. McDuffie,
\Y. IT. Hand,
W. G. Simmons,
C. B. Denson,
Rev. J. M. White,
Thomas J. Simmons,
W\ L. Crocker,
Rev. J. F. Heitman,
N. D. Johnson,
I. C. Blair,
W. S. Clarke,
C. W. Corriher,
Lee T. Blair,
G. L. Greeson,
L. H. Ross,
Luther Eborn,
R. A. Minis,
John Duekett,
Rev. A. L. Phillips,
H. L. Smith,
Kemp P. Battle,
Rev. A. W. Maugum,
Rev. S. H. Thompson,
W. F. Marshall,
Ira T. Turlington,
A. C. Davis,
E. W. Faucette,
N. L. Ranes,
E. P. Moses,
G. W. Jones,
Price Thomas,
Rev. H. M. Tupper,
S. E. Warren,
Mrs. B. W. Hatcher,
'• A. M. Zimmerman,
" E. W. Adams,
" S. M. Stone,
" B. W. Justice,
" Jennie Henry,
Miss Alice Telfair,
" Nanette A. Stone,
" Kate L. Sutton,
" Bettie W. Bernard,
" Helen Betts,
" Daisy Denson,
" Dora W. Fanning,
" Delia L. Reams,
" Carrie C. Strong,
" Pattie Lawrence,
on, " Carrie M. Jackson,
" Mary J. Page,
L. W. Bagley,
George R. McNeill,
B. W. Hatcher,
M. M, Hai-grave,
W. J. Ferrell,
■C. L. Smith,
E. M. Goodwin,
H. M. Cates,
Sol. C. WeO,
S. M. Clarke,
J. F. McCuiston,
R. A. L. Hyatt,
Rev. A. J, Moore,
D. Mclntyre,
J, B, Williams,
D. M. Hardy,
W. S- Bird,
Collier Cobb,
J. J. Fray,
Joseph A. Holmes,
J. L. Tomlinson,
Charles D. Mclver,
F. S. Blair,
J. H. Mills,
E. G. Conyers,
W, D, Mclver,
J. M. Sikes,
Charles E. Taylor,
Rev. W. C. No-well,
George O. Mitchell,
Rev. John S. Watkins,
W. T. Layton,
Mrs. A. V. Purefoy,
" R. H. Lewis,
"■ D. A. Robertson,
" D. B. Garden,
" W, B. Harrell.
Miss Gertrude Carraway,
" G. M. Harrison,
" Loula Riddle,
" A. S. Jones,
" Bettie Warren,
" Eliza Pool,
" Bessie F. Fanning.
" L. E. Brown,
" Lucy Jurney,
" Pattie Litchford,
" Julia R. Lambeth,
" Carrie H. Ihrie,
158
THE NORTH CAEOLINA TEACHER,
Miss N. Hutchings, Mi
" Ellen Mclver, '
" Addie Marsh, '
'' Kate McKimmon, '
'' Lillie Gay, '
" L. Blacknall, ^
" Jennie Faison, '
" A.H. Mallett,
" Lula A. Speed, '
" Dell Matthews,
" M. Beardsley, '
" Sudie Faison, '
" Mamie W. McCalebb, '
" Clara Perry, '
" Liitie Cooke, '
. Emma Baynes,
Sallie A. Ehorn,
Nettie Marshall,
Eliza H. Smedes,
Maggie A. Hearne,
Eugenia Bumpass,
S. A.Tillinghast,
Ida Mallaiy,
Maude Sebrelle,
Jennio Hill,
Ina M. McCall,
Martha Mills,
Louise Daniel,
Julia S. White,
M. L. Hilton,
Miss Hennie Patrick,
" CM. Finley,
" P. C.Wyche,.
" Maggie L. Nutt,
" May Barnes,
" Maggie McDowell,
" B.F. Blacknall,
" Annie J. Speed,
" Nettie A. Farnswortli,
" Julia Hutchings,
" Jean Gales,
" M. Addie Kirkpatrick,
'■'■ Laura W. Copeland,
" L. S. Dorr,
" Lou V. Shell.
R HIGHER MSTHEMfiTICfiL PROBLEM.
On page 6 of Appleton's Higher Geography the following
occurs :
"Owing to the flattening of the earth, a degree of latitude near
the poles is a little longer than one near the equator. The longest
degree of latitude is about 69f miles ; the shortest, about 68^^
miles."
Who will furnish us the proof of this, with a clear explanation ?
We will give a year's subscription to The North Carolina
Teacher to the teacher who will send the best explanation of the
above statement.
WHST ¥E HEIR FROM OUR SCHOOLS.
KiNSTON College has one hundred and seventeen pupils.
Winston Graded School has four hundred pupils enrolled.
Salem Female Academy has one hundred and sixty scholars.
Rocky Mount Graded School has over a hundred pupils.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 159
Smithdeal Business College, at Greensboro^ has seventy-
two students.
Henderson, Vance county, proposes to build a $20,000
female college.
New Bern Graded School has an enrollment of nearly four
hundred pupils.
North Carolina has tweuty-two Graded Schools in success-
ful operation. More to follow.
Charlotte boasts one thousand five hundred children in
attendance on her two graded schools.
Oak Ridge has one hundred and twenty-five students, and
still they come. The ne^v building is ready for the roof.
Yadkin Mineral Springs Institute, Mr, O. C. Hamil-
ton, Principal, has over seventy pupils, including forty boarders.
The Oxford Female Seminary is enjoying an unusually
successful term. The patronage is fifty per cent, larger than ever
before.
Dr. J. L. M. Curry recently made a visit to the Charlotte
Graded Schools and expresses much satisfaction at their admir-
able condition.
The Glen wood School, Johnston county, in charge of the
principal, Mr. C. W. Corriher, accompanied by several of the
trustees, spent two days at the Exposition.
The college property at Olin, Iredell county, is offered for
sale. It consists of a brick building 90x100 feet, three stories
high, two dwellings for teachers and eleven acres of ground.
The Colored Normal School, at Fayetteville, is filled to its
utmost capacity with students. The opening is larger than ever
before in the history of the school. Prof. E. E. Smith is prin-
cipal.
Vine Hill Academy, at Scotland Neck, is one of the best
schools in Eastern Carolina. With new and commodious build-
160 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
iugs, progi'essive principal and excellent assistants the school is
bound to succeed.
The EDITOR of the Mountain Voice, of Mitchell county, says :
"Passing about the county, we notice the school-rooms are better
filled than usual, the teachers are better paid, and a better class of
teachei's employed."
At a recent meeting of I^euoir County Teachers^ Association
the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Dr. R. H.
Lewis, President; George A. Grirasley, Vice-President; E. M.
Goochvin, Secretary.
Capt. J. R. White, Superintendent of Bertie, says : " There
are evident signs of progress in the schools. Teachers are becom-
ing more efficient, better and more convenient houses are being
built and greater interest is being manifested in alucatiou."
The Davidson Di><p(dch says there are more school -boys and
girls in Lexington at this time than has been known in years, if
there ever were as many before. The Southera Normal is one of
the permanent institutions of the town, and is worth more to
Lexington than almost any other enterprise in the place.
Prof. Hi:nry E. Shepherd of North Carolina, has recently
been elected to the Chair of History in Martha's Vineyard Insti-
tute. This is the first appointment ever made from the South to
this famous seat of learning, and we appreciate the honor con-
ferred upon a North Carolinian so universally beloved by his
people,
Mr. A. D. Farmer, the progressive County Superintendent
of Macon is holding monthly institutes for his teachers. He
says: "In the general examination of July, 1885, there must be a
weeding out of incompetent teachers. It is high time that the
public money should be jraid to those only who are qualified to
teach wdiat the law requires to be taught."
The teachers of Duplin county organized an Association
on 11th inst. electing Mr, B. F. Grady, Jr,, President, and Mr.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 161
Peter Mclntyre, Secretary. The next meetiug will be held on
November 15th, and essays will be delivered by Misses F. Hous-
ton and A. Burton, Mr. Mclntyre will address -the Association
upon the subject, "How shall the teachers of Duplin county
improve their condition and efficiency." We wish the Associa-
tion great success.
The following schools were seen in attendance upon the
Exposition: Davis School, of LaGrange; Central Institute, of
Littleton; Bingham's School, of Mebaneville; Wake Forest
Academy; Pittsboro Scientific Academy; Greensboro Female
College; Clayton Institute ; Kinston College; Oakdale Institute ;
^and from Raleigh there were, St. Mary's School, Peace Institute,
St. Augustine Normal School, Shaw University, Centennial
Graded School, Raleigh Male Academy and the Colored Graded
Schools.
1 LITTLE BOY'S TROUBLE.
I thought when I learned my letters
That all my troubles were done.
But I find myself much mistaken.
They only have just begun.
Learning to read was awful.
But not like learning to write;
I'd be sorry to have you tell it,
But my copy-book is a sight !
The ink gets over my fingers ;
The pen cuts all sorts of shines.
And won't do at all as I bid it ;
The letters won't stay on the lines,
But go up and down and all over.
As though they were dancing a jig-
They are there in all shapes and sizes,
Medium, little and biff.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.
PROCEEDINGS.
Haywood White Sulphur Springs (Near Watnesville),
Thursday, June 20, 1884.
THIRD DAY MORNING SESSION.
The weather is exceedingly plea.sant, the air is delightfully
bracing and the earnest enthusiasm of the visitors is daily in-
creasing.
At 10 o'clock the President called the Assembly to order upon
the lawn, and the se.ssiou was opened with a very appropriate
prayer by Rev. T. U. Faucette, of Lenoir.
Reports of committees being first in order, the Committee on
Constitution submitted a report which was unanimously adopted,
and the as.sembly was then provided with a brief, but practical,
constitution for its government.
The Secretary announced the fir.st subject for di.scussiou as
follows: "How shall we interest parents in the school?"
Mr. R. S. Arrowood, of Concord, introduced the tojjic in an
admirable and practical address. The following synopsis gives
his line of argument:
In order to get what I shall say Into as compact a form as possible, I have thought
it best to bring my remarks under three heads.
I shall ask, first. Is there a lack of interest on the part of parents, and what are
the causes of this lack ? It is unnecessary to enter into any argument to prove
that this want of interest exists. It is evident from the fact that so few of om*
patrons visit the school. It is evident from the fact that so many, so very many,
of the parents of the children who go to us, are so ignorant of what their children
are doing. 0, what a feeling of faiut-heartedness comes over us when some fond
parent coHies to us and asks whether Tommie or John is studying this, that or the
other thing. We feel discouraged, we feel humiliated. Tet such things do occur.
Taking for granted then that this want of interest exists, we come now to con-
THE NORTH CAEOLINA TEACHER. 163
sider what are its causes. This is necessary that we may the better be able to
counteract the evil. One of the causes of this evil is a want of effort on the
part of teachers themselves. Some of us do not take proper pains to create and
sustain an interest in our work. We are conscious of doing good work, but we
do not recognize the fact that it takes an effort to make others realize it.
Another cause of this evil is the confidence parents have in the teacher. They
feel that their cooperation is not necessarj-. The third, and in my opinion, the
principal cause is the fact that this is an age of intense activity. The fathers
are so engrossed in their business that they do not feel that they have time to give
to the matter of schools, and the mothers are so taken up with household duties
and the demands of societj' that they give but little thought to this matter. These
we take to be the principal causes of this evil, and now we come to the second
head of our subject.
The cooperation and support of parents are necessary to success. This is evi-
dent since there is not a single department of school work where the cooperation
of the parent is not necessary. Take for example the matter of punctuality. How
can a teacher enforce promptness upon a child whose breakfast time is half an
hour too late? Or, how can a boj^ be present at roll-call whose parents have him
running errands until long after school time. Thiis it is necessary to have the help
of the parents, if we would have a prompt school. The hours for meals must be
made to conform to those of the school. The children must be relieved of bur-
dens at home so that they may be able to get to school in time. Then in the
matter of discipline the aid of the parent is absolutely necessary. Now, I know
there are many in this day who advocate the " milk and water " theory, that if the
pupils are just interested, if the school-room is made pleasant, if the teacher will
just keep up a red hot enthusiasm, the discipline will take care of itself. This is
probably so, if it were possible to put this theory fully into practice, and if chil-
dren were entirely free from a disposition to do wrong, but children are not. so
disposed, and some of us can not fully realize our ideal with this method. To all
such I would say that in the matter of discipline you must have the parents on
your side, or all your efforts will be in vain.
We come now to the question proper; How is this co-operation to be obtained ?
In attempting to answer this question; I shall mention some of the methods that
may be used to this end. We must become personally acquainted with the parents
who send their children to our schools. We should know them and should use
our knowledge so as to gain their affection and esteem.
The teacher should be a very versatile person. He should be informed upon
every sixbject possible, so that he may be able to converse intelligently with all
classes of people. When possible, visit at the homes of your children. There
are many advantages in this over mere casual meetings in the street. While there
talk to the parents about your school ; tell them of yoxir aims and plans with
reference to their children. Strive to induce them to visit your school. Make
every one of them your personal friend. When you have -made them your friends
and have gotten them interested in yourself, it is time to impress upon them that
you and they are co-workers — that while your part may be more burdensome,
theirs is no less important than yours. Show them that thej^ have as much, and
more, at stake than you have. You give j'our time and talents to serve their chil-
dren. They give the time of their children and pay you for your trouble. Besides
this, the parent entrusts the temporal and eternal w- elfare' of his child to the keep-
164 THE KOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
ing of the teaelier. Has not the parent, then, more at stake than the teacher ?
Impress this fact, and interest will increase.
Another means of gaining interest is to keep the parents constantly posted.
Send in monthly reports, and let those reports be true. If there is anything that
cannot be embodied in a report which you think the parent should know, seek the
earliest opi^ortunity to make it known. If you have somethiDg unpleasant to say,
go like a man and state the case plainly, but kindly, and rest assured that you
will be received in a proper spirit, and in most instances the matter can be adjusted
without hard feeling. I cannot now recall a single instance where I followed the
plan indicated, in which the difficulty was not adjusted amicably. Do not be
afraid to give a word of praise occasionally ; if the child is worthy it will do no
harm for the parent to know that you think so. If he is unworthy it is not neces-
sary to be always finding fault. There is some good point about the worst. lu
talking to the parent, while you may find fault, speak of the good trait also.
In order to secure success in any department of work, those upon whom suc-
cess depends must be kept posted. Take, for instance, the foreign missionary
work. How soon it would languish and die, did not the missionaries send back
reports of their progress and necessities. So it is with schools, so it is with every-
thing ; the measure of a man's interest never rises higher than his knowledge.
The fourth and last means of which I shall speak, by which to gain the interest
of parents, is to so arouse that of pupils that they shall serve as mediums of com-
munication between teacher and parent. Now, the electric current which unites
them must be enthusiasm ; originating with the teacher, passing through the child
as conductor, it will unerringly exert its influence on the parent. This is a vital,
indispensable, and, I may add, an unfailing essential in gaining the interest of
parents.
Prof. I. L. Wright followed iu some brief and pointed ideas
upon this question : " Show patrons that education has a money
value. All men love money. This is emphatically a money age
and a money country. The great tread of popular anxiety is iu
the line of money. History presents no parallel. All classes
and ages have caught the infection. The material is in the ascen-
dant. Money rather than mind is the great object of pursuit.
We fight fire with fire — poison with poison. Show by private
and public talks and lectures the money value of education — that
material prosperity is but the effect of enlightened mind, educated
mind, and much is done toward enhancing their estimate of the
school, and their consequent interest in the school. Love for and
interest in the children on the part of the teacher, are also essen-
tials.''
Duriuo; the discussion it was suowsted that " the teacher must
do more visiting among the parents after school hours. Walk
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 165
home with the children, go into tlie house with them, talk com-
plimentarv of them to their parents and the parents M'ill be
friends of the school and to the teacher."
Prof. J. M. Weatherly, of Salisbury, took issue with the latter
idea, on the ground that visiting the parents was not at all neces-
.sary. He did not visit any because he did not have time to do it,
nor did he believe in it, and he could get his patrons interested
in the school by getting them interested in education generally.
*' I do not believe in the system of regular reports to parents, as
it has never done any good." If the teacher does his work well
and faithfully, the parents will see the result and be interested in
the school.
Mr. W. J. Ferrell, of Wakefield, said that he did not approve
of visiting parents to say, "Your son John is a good and smart
boy, and I have great hopes of him." This is humbuggery
and must never be indulged in. Do your work faithfully and
thus give full value received for every dollar of your salary.
Rev. G. C. French, of Waynesville, gave some well-timed
thoughts upon this subject. North Carolina is always quick to
appreciate her good teachers and to reward them for the service
rendered. Love your pupils and they will love you, and then
you reach the parent's heart and awaken a great interest in the
school.
Prof. E. C. Branson, of Wilson, said :
The hand-shakiua; and general hobnobbing of teachers with parents, as recom-
mended by some here to-day, seems to me to be but a refinement of Ichabod
Crane's plan of 'boarding around,' I1 were infinitely better to put schools on a
strictly business basis, and expect them to succeed solely because of intrinsic
merit — that merit which makes a neighborhood dependent upon a school,
rather than the reverse. There is no institution of learning in North Carolina to-
day, of fifty years standing, that has not so continued, except and solely because
of the worthfulness of its work as done within its very walls. "No man has so
many friends," says Emerson, " as he who does not need them." No school has
so many hearty supporters as that school which can stand alone and erect solelj'
b}' reason of its own inherent worth. Let the teacher go into his school, and there
do his duty faithfully and well, and if his pupils do not, by their work and learn-
ing, introduce him favorably to their parents, then he, and not the patrons, needs
reconstructing. To interest patrons make the school good — first as to discipline.
Here a word regarding the " milk and water " discipline, just referred to. A
truce to the epithet, but the fact remains that, when you have given j'our pupils
166 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHEE.
plenty of jaroper work to do, and b}' correct methods had them interested in doing
it, you have disciplined your scl tool. Add to this on the jjart of the teacher self-
control, courage, and a Just consideration of the rights of pupils, and you have
the very best school government possible. Let a teacher do correct work within
legitimate limits, and his school will never want for interest from its patrons.
The second topic fov consideration by tlie Assembly, "The
Nature and Vahie of County Supervision of Schools," was most
thoroughly handled by Mr. A. R. Johnson, County Superinten-
dent of McDowell county. The speaker held that the public
school system of any State absolutely required the special super-
vision of a competent man in each county, and where this super-
visor had not been provided, the schools and teachers were always
backward. The County Superintendent ought to have more
authority in North Carolina, and more responsibility would then
rest upon him ; the schools would then be provided with better
teachers, and good teachers would be better paid, and the school
system would take several steps forward.
The President announced that on to-morrow no regular exer-
cises would be held, but the entire day would be given to recrea-
tion and visiting the mountain peaks, and the Assembly then
adjourned till Monday at 10 o'clock a. :m.
FRIDAY EVENIXG, HALF PAST EIGHT O CLOCK,
The young ladies of the Assembly gave an excellent and most
enjoyable literary entertainment to-night in the dining-room of
the lu^tel. The exercises consisted of readings, recitations and
songs, and all were rendered with an ease and elegance which did
great credit to the participants and delighted the very large
audience. The following ladies took jiart in the recitations: Misses
N. DeLuke Blair, of Monroe ; Miss Tempe Williams, of Oxford ;
Miss Daisy Denson, of Pittsboro; Miss Addie M;u-sh, of Wilson,
and Miss Jennie Simpson, of Raleigh. The exercises opened
M'ith the thrilling and patriotic song and chorus, "Ho! for Caro-
lina," led by the author. Rev. W. B. Harrell, of Stanly, and the
entire audience joined heartily in the singing. Several other
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 167
popular choruses were rendered by a select choir of fiue male and
female voices. Too much praise cannot he accorded the young
ladies for the splendid manner in which their parts were per-
formed. The musical part of the programme was conducted by
Miss Annie Timberlake, of Raleigh ; Mrs. A. R. Wortham, of
Henderson ; Miss Carrie Ihrie, of Pittsboro, and Misses Dora
and Bessie Fanning, of Durham.
There is a great deal of first-class talent, of both a musical and
a literary order, among the members of the Assembly, and all
are ready to take part in providing entertainment for the teachers
and their friends. This abilitv and williuo-n.-ss to oblioe mav be
seen in the fact that the rich literary feast of this evening was
gotten up within an hour's time, each participant in the exercises
being- selected and the programme perfectly arranged for work.
FOURTH DAY SATURDAY, JUXE T^VENTY-FIRST.
This entire day, according to previous announcement, was given
to general recreation and mountain exploring. Several excursion
parties visited the various places of interest in the vicinity ; some
going to the beautiful shady valley along Mica Dale, or to the
'' fronting grounds" of Cataloochee, others in vehicles ascending
the rugged sides of Ganey Bald Mountain, while a few made the
climb up Rocky Knob, or rested upon the modest summit of
]Mount Repose. The great objective ])oint of visitation, however,
was the magnificent peak of Lickstone Mountain. This trip is
made upon horseback, and the mode of travel adds greatly to
the interest and excitement of the journey. Every horse in the
neighborhood was pressed into service until a company of about
seventy-five gracefully mounted ladies and gentlemen set out for
the summit of the mountain, under the careful and entertaining
pilotage of Wid Medford, the celebrated bear hunter and moun-
tain guide of Western North Carolina.
A large party of the riders reached the summit of the moun-
tain at the same time, and as the magnificeut view of lofty moun-
168 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
tain peaks, peaceful dales, rushing cascades and romantic valleys
spread before their sight on every hand, even far beyond the reach
of the eye, they became deeply impressed with the indescribable
grandeur of the scene, and all joined voices in singing with em-
phatic earnestness,
"Oh, there is do land on earth h'ke this fair land of ours,"
and as the song pealed forth from this great height of more than
a mile above the sea-level, the singers felt prouder than ever of
" our fertile vales and lofty granite towers."
FIFTH DAY SUNDAY, JUNE TWENTY-SECOND.
At 4 o'clock this afternoon a Sundav-school mass-meetino; was
held on the lawn at the Springs. All the Sunday-schools of
Waynesville marched out to the place of meeting in a body, bear-
ing a handsome Sunday-school banner. The exercises were con-
ducted by Eugene G. Harrell, of Raleigh, and consisted in open-
ing the meeting in regular Sunday-school form, with songs and
Bible reading, after which many very interesting impromptu five-
minute speeches were made by active workers in the Sunday-school
cause.
An excellent choir was organized for the occasion, with about
twenty voices, and special credit is due Misses Dora Fanning,
Sallie Grimsley, Carrie Ihrie, Jennie Simpson, and others, as
leaders in the singing. Many old, familiar hymns were sung by
the entire audience, and the lawn was made to resound with most
delightful nuisic. Several new hymns, duets and choruses were
rendered from " Way of Life," and the thrilling chorus, " Stand
for the Right," was sung wath special enthusiasm and appropri-
ateness. Miss Annie Timberlake, of Raleigh, presided at the
organ and excited general admiration by her skilful management.
Several hundred persons were present at these afternoon exercises
and all voted it an enjoyable occasion.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 169
At the close of the meeting the crowd became inteu.sely inter-
ested in watching the approach of a heavy thunder storm ovei*
the mountain. The sight was a grand and imposing one, as the
inky cloud climbed slowly over the mountain tops, then down
along the valley, while the vivid lightning seemed merrily waltz-
ing from rift to rift to the music of crashing thunder. This
wonderful and impressive scene was a revelation of grandeur to
all the eastern visitors, and its awful solemnity will never be for-
gotten.
SIXTH DAY — MONDAY, JUJVE TWENTY-THIRD.
At 10 o'clock A. M. the regular work of the Assembly was
resumed, with the President in the chair.
Prayer by Prof. H. W. Reinhart, of Thomasville.
"The Art of Questioning" being announced by the Secretary
as the first topic for discussion. Rev. W. B. Harrell, of Stanly
county, proceeded to its consideration in a very careful and
thorough manner :
The subject, is indeed, one of the first importance, both to the teacher, wheu
before his class, as well as to the class themselves ; and its proper and successful
manas^ement requires much skill and tact on the part of the questioner, if he or
she will have an object in view in asliing questions.
There are two prominent thoughts in this connection that seem highlj' essential
and necessary to present :
1st. To draw out, if possible, the knowledge of the pupils about the subject of the
recitation, or the matter in text of the lesson.
3d. To impart information to the pupils, by so adroitly and skilfully and earn-
estly darting questions at them, that their minds shall be kept active and their
Attention enlisted all the time during the recitation.
The teacher, if a live teacher, will be desirous, not only to ascertain what the
class know but what is well known by them, and all they do know on the subject in
hand. And this can be brought out only by a series of impromptu, or off-hand
questions, so to speak, without a moment's flagging or abating of interest on the
part of the earnest teacher. Questions that are full of intensest delight in the
wide-awake questioner must be so presented that every pupil in the class before
j'ou will see that your very heart and soul and spirit are all running over with real
pleasure in the fact that you have the opportunity of standing before them as
their instructor.
Suppose your boys or girls have just read, for example, the story of ^^Nero and
the Sailor,^'' as related in Holmes' Third Reader. Perhaps some of these teachers
170 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
will remember the facts as I shall endeavor to bring them out, bj' way of illus-
trating a method of questioning, in order to draw out your " Third Reader" pupils,
and also at the same time to teach them the great truths of the lesson.
The story is this : A lion had been brought from India on board of a ship, on
which, during the long passage, he had become fond of an old sailor who daily
fed him through the bars of his cage. The lion was carried to London and placed
in a menagerie among a number of other animals of various kinds on exhibition.
Some few weeks after this, a party of British sailors visited the menagerie, and as
they pressed near the lion's cage the keeper warned them not to go too near ; that
he was a very savage and dangerous animal, even for himself to approach ; and
very fierce and sulky when any one came near him. But, one of the sailors, fix-
ing his eyes intently on the huge animal in the cage, all at once, ran up to it, and
holding out his hand to the lion cried out, " Why old ship-mate ! don't you know
me? Have you forgotten me, your old friend?"
The lion sprang to the side of the cage, up on the strong bars ; put his great
nose between them, and, like a playful kitten, showed signs of real pleasure at
the presence and voice of the sailor, his old friend on board of the ship, who had
brought him over the great waters from a far countrj'.
Imagine the fright and consternation of the keeper when the lion permitted
the sailor to pat him on the head, and the astonishment of the crowd that stood
around the cage 1
" This lion," said the sailor, in a jocular manner, " and I were once shipmates.
You see he is not like some people ; he doesn't forget old friends."
Now the live teacher may begin his questioning on this lesson. Tou ask, being-
full of the subject yourself, " What is this lesson about?" They will tell you at
once, every one of them, no doubt.
" Where did the sailor and the lion first meet each other ?"
" What did the sailor do for him on board the ship ?"
" Where was the lion carried on reaching shore ?"
" What is a menagerie ?"
They will show to you that they have this lesson in their minds; and will readily
answer every question. You may multiply j'our questions indeflnitel}'. Now
implant a great principle in their hearts by another, a home-thrust question, "Did
the lion forget his friend?" And another, "How was he ditlerent from some
people?" And another, "Should we ever forget a kindness received from others?"
Here we may teach by our right questioning ; we may teach the hearts, the souls
of our pupils a lesson they will never, never forget, if we are true to ourselves,
and true to our great responsibility as those who have the guidance and the direct-
ing of the young minds committed to our care. Just here, we may implant seeds
that will bring forth fruit to all eternity. And happy are those teachers who
avail themselves of their opportiuiity.
Mr. R. S. AiTowood said that the live teacher must always put
pointed and leading questions, and they must not be made up at
random after the class is called for recitation, but should be very
carefully prepared before.
Prof. I. L. AVright said, " all lessons of textual import have a
central or golden thought. Every question should pi'epare the
THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 171
way for tlie oue which is to follow, so as to evolve in an easy,
natural way that central thought. This should be the first master
stroke. The incidental thoughts should be developed in consecu-
tive order afterwards. These pu imposes accomplished, the whole
topic stands out in well developed form before the mind of the
pupil. A systematic, logical mind is the result of such an art —
per contra, an illogical, disconnected mind. More of mental
strength or weakness is induced by these methods than many
teachers are aware of."
Prof. Alex. Mclver took the ground that no teacher can ques-
tion properly Avithout first a thorough examination of the lesson.
The teacher must then know and be fully decided upon what he
is going to do, and his questions will carry instruction with
them, and the object of recitation will be accomplished in making
the pupil think for himself.
Prof. E. C. Branson held that a very essential part of success-
ful school-room work was based upon this one point, ^'Question-
ing," and too much careful discussion cannot be given to the
matter. In your class-ri)om don't fire random questions at the
children like grape-shot from a cannon, not knowing or caring
who is struck or what answer is returned, but let each ques-
tion be directly aimed for some given object and with an earn-
est determination to reach it and you will rarely meet with fail-
ure from any pupii.
Miss Mary T. Pescud, of Raleigh, by special request, gave her
opinion upon this point. She said that the great object to be
gained in questioning a class wns, not to show them how fast you
could talk, nor how much you were supposed to know about the
matter under consideration, but it Avas to lead out the pupil from
himself, and, by a suggestion here and there, make him tell what,
he knows of the lesson. During her remarks she gracefully intro-
duced a few points from the "New Education" in illustratiou of
her theory.
The second topic f)r discussion was: "The best method of
History work," and Prof. E. C. Branson was announced as the
first speaker.
172 THE NORTH C'AROLIXA TEACHER.
The speaker then proceeded to give a most admirable explana-
tion of the easiest and most satisfactory method of this very diffi-
cult part of school work :
Somewhat incidental to the topic about to be discussed, is a matter concerning
which I shall take the privilege of saying a word. Probably there has never been
in North Carolina an interest in schools more generallj' felt than now. Popular
enthusiasm in this respect has never been gi-eater. All this is well. But, my
friends, I cannot rid myself of the conviction that we must scotch this forward
educational move by revolutionizing our method of class-work in point of philos-
ophic teaching principles, if need be ; so that when all this interest about schools
shall have ceased to be, in some sort, a matter of blood and moment, we may not
fall back into the old order of things. The Horace Mann reform in the Bay State
went right into school-rooms and aimed at working a new order of things there,
and therein lay the success of that movement — a success, the influence of which
is being felt this laud over.
This matter of philosophic class methods must engage the attention of teachers,
whatever else may interest other people. It is my aim at this hour to present to
3'ou a method of history woi'k, and probably not a flawless one. But were it so,
I could not advise its adoption in toto by any one of you. Each teacher's way of
doing a thing must smack of that teacher's individuality ; else it is the work of a
mere copyist, and a failure. I would, however, du-ect your attention particularlj-
to the ends arrived at in the method. If you can reach these by any other method,
by your method, so much the better for you and your pupils. But here let me
caution you against the popular fallacy, that mere memory is knowledge. By all
means avoid that parrory note work on the part of pupils, which is a senseless
exercise, having to do merelj' with "words, words, words."
ENDS AIMED AT IN FORMAL HISTORY WORK (SAT IN THE UPPER
GR.\MMAR GRADES).
1. In general:
(a). To create a love of history.
(&). To give a correct method for its study.
2. In particular:
{a). To give historic fact (mental food).
(6). To increase the powers of imagination and deduction (mental exercise).
(c). To build right character.
In general, let me say, that any method of work that falls to create in the pupil
a love for study, and to fix upon him correct habits of study, is pitiably a failure.
The love of study is to move your pupil to mental action a long while after he has
gone from you. Correct habits of work are to aid him immeasurably much in the
accomplishment of his purposes.
In particular. Any method that fails to promote proper mental growth, and tn
develop mental strength, is also a failure. Here is needed a psychic study of the
pupil.
We teach historj', we say, to give («) historic fact. A word as to this. If his-
toric fact be not addressed to the feeling and will of the pupil, as well as to his
intellect, we fail of the sole end of all history study — "the right guiding of his
steps in social, political and religious progress."
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 173
No mau was ever moved to action, right or wrong, by his intellect alone. The
feelings stir the will, and the will enforces action. Too much of our school work
is addressed to the intellect of the pupil. History is simply a record of man's
manifold thought wrought out in appropriate events. The student is to study
history as though it were but a commentary upon his own life, simply a statement
of what he would likelj' have thought, felt, willed, done, under like circumstan-
ces. Until historical personages become instinct with life in the minds af your
pupils and historic events appeal with personal directness to them, they will know
only so much of worthless fact and date — the least important of all the objects to
be attained in the study of history. ''We, as we read," says Emerson, "must
become Greeks, Romans, Turks, priest, king, martyr, and executioner, must fasten
these images to some reality in our secret experience, or we shall learn nothing
rightly."
The great charm of Carlyle's French Revolution is that, instead of placing you
xijjon a neighboring hill to look down upon a scene of carnage, a mere spectator,
you are, instead, made per force one of the bloody actors, and you read with
cheeks flushed, eyes bright, and your nerves tingling to the very tijjs of your
fingers. That only is knowledge which becomes part of our mental constitution
and works itself cut unconsciously in the life of the individual. I have dwelt
.somewhat upon this point because it involves at once a discussion of right knowl-
edge-getting, and right character building.
But I must hurry on to a discussion of the method, to the exclusion of other
things.
MATEEIALS FOR PUPILS.
One lead pencil, long and well sharpened.
One pocket memorandum-book.
One blank copy-book, flexible board covers.
One geography — ^any with outline maps.
One history, of any kind bearing on the branch to be taught, and in addition
any book at hand treating of the subjects to be discussed.
THE METHOD IN DETAIL.
The class being seated, each member turns rapidly to a blank page in his memo-
randum-book, and with pencil in hand awaits the direction of the teacher. The
teacher begins the recitation by announcing the topic, or topics, to be discussed
at the nest recitation. The topic is M-ritten on the blackboard and outlined with
appropriate headings. The pupils aid in doing this, in answer to questions that
need to be skilfully put by the teacher. The object here is to have the pupil dis-
cover that there is such a thing as order, and that logical sequence must have
to do with such matters. In no great while the pupils will have learned to do
their own outlining — a valuable accomplishment that will aid them to good pur-
pose in other lines of work. The class copy into their memorandum-books what
has been placed on the board. The teacher then directs that they get from any
source whatever, books or men, all the information they can on the topic, citing
them to certain pages in the books they have, or to any easily accessible authori-
ties. The pupils are now told to come at the next recitation in history with one
or two questions, written neatly and correctly on a slip of jjaper, with the names
on the other side. These directions need not be repeated after the first time, and
this preparatory exercise each morning will occupy, say three minutes. Let us
1 74 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
uow leave the class till to-morrow's recitation. For the meanwhile, if the teacher
has a proper enthusiasm, for herein lies the success of any and every method,
you will likely find on the play-ground next mominer pupils gathered about in
groups discussing their query-slips, Tom wanting to know of John what his ques-
tion is, and John what Tom's is, and so on. The method enforces independent
research. An interchange of information and opinion and the spirited talk of the
same group will have you think that histoiic fact has been moved up in time and
place from then and there to now and here, and is addressing itself to the interest
of the pupils, about as an item of importance in the morning papers would to their
fathers — and to them also, if history be taught aright. And, by-the-way, I have
no respect for any method of historj- work that would have the pupils think that
the events of a thousand years ago are of any more importance than the history
working itseK out right under their own noses.
But history recitation comes on. After the usual preparatory exercise, you are
now ready to discuss with the class the topic for which you have been preparing.
First adduce the facts. Call for questions in the order of the topical headings.
Nod to some pupil, who stands^reads his question, standing well and reading
correctly, mind you. Twenty hands go up to answer the question. No snapping
of fingers to be allowed. Have some one of these twenty to stand and answer
the question, at as great length as he pleases. The others make in their memo-
randum-books a tally showing their ability^ to answer the question. "A tempta-
tion to pupils," you say. If so, here is a line opportunity to help somewhat in
character building by having them resist so slight a temptation. Moral strength
comes of a successful struggle against a moral wrong. Besides, these tallies are
to be preserved simply for their own satisfaction, there being no head nor foot to
the class, and no distinction of any sort — at least this is the speaker's plan, who
chooses to excite interest in other ways than by emulation.
But to return. In a short while the topic will have been "sucked dry as a bone. "
If, however, all the salient points have not been brought out (and by the way this
method enforces a knowledge of what "salient points" are), let the teacher speer a
question or two at the class, and then call on some one pupil to answer. Let the
information now gained be reduced still further to a system, and crystalized into
a sentence or two, and written on the board. The pupils copy this into their his-
tory note-books (the blank copy-books) with which each one is provided. These
query slips may be used in many ways. For instance, let the teacher collect them
and call the questions himself, in the meanwhile using his pencil to underscore
errors. These slips are then handed back for correction. The method of hearing
the recitation may be varied indefinitely, and it should not lack variety. However,
let the method of study be topical always ; and the method of recitation both
topical and catechetical. For more advanced pupils, more topical and less cate-
chetical. By topical reciting, I mean, a pupil's standing to tell connectedly ail he
knows of a topic, the information given by him to be supplemented afterward b_y
the other members of the class.
Outline maps are to be always on hand and historic fact in every instance is to
be pinned down to place. Make your history Avork biographical — intenselj' so.
Have, as you come to them in United States History, a "Columbus Recitation,"
a " Washington Recitation," a "Ben Franklin Recitation," and so on. Study, too,
the religion and inner home life of the various people that have had greatlj- to do
with our history. Have a lesson on "A Day in a Puritan Colony," "Dutch Colo-
nial Life," "The Quakers," ifcc.
THE NORTH CAEOLINA TEACHER. 175
The teacher must not do all, nor iudeed, most of the talking'. Particularly are
the expressive faculties of the pupils to be exercised. All review quizzes are to be
conducted by the pupils. Occasionally have the pupils at night write up the topic
discussed that day. This may be done on tablet paper, with pencil. These papers
are to be handed in next day, and disposed of according- to the teacher's wisdom.
The teacher is now slyly getting on the sunny side of the pupils as to the simplest
form of informal composition work. But 1 grow prolix. What has been said is
suggestive rather than otherwise, and maj^ at least provoke discussion among
these teachei'S. I shall be satisfied if it does this.
Prof. Hiigli Morsou approved Prof. Branson's method in the
main, and asked how he would manage in the most primary his-
tory instruction.
Prof. Branson replied that the same course should be pursued
with the primary classes, but the character of the exercises must
be simplified to the capacity and comprehensior) of the younger
pupils.
Prof H. H. Williams, of LaGrange, said that teachers did
not give enough attention to the " why " of history when teaching
this branch to their pupils. The reasons for great occasions are
more important to a child than mere memory of dates and events.
The empty fact is not sufficient, but be sure that the cause is
clearly understood, and the pupils will be more certain to remem-
ber the fact.
At this stage of the proceedings the following letter was received
from Mrs. .W. W. Stringfield, of Wayuesville, who holds the
title to the White Sulphur Springs projserty :
HAYWOOD WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS,
Near Watnesville, June 23, 1884.
To the North Carolina Teachers' Assembly :
In behalf of myself, family, the citizens of Wayuesville and the county of Haj*-
wood, I respectfullj- urge upon j'ou the proprietj' of at this time locating the
annual meeting of 5-our body at this place and upon the grounds of the White
Sulphur Springs property, the exact location of the building or buildings to be
selected by your own committee.
The citizens of Wayuesville and vicinity will give from .§.500 to §1,000, 1 will give
sufficient grounds for building or buildings, to be used of course for the sole pur-
poses of the Assembly, as such, and not as boarding or dwelling houses. I will
also pledge for the Love family one thousand acres of mountain land, or the pro-
ceeds of the sale of such. I am also satisfied that other liberal donations will be
made in this countj' and elsewhere in Western North Carolina, if the Assembly is
located here. Respectfully,
Mrs. W. W. Stringfield.
176 ' THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
Pending the consideration of the propositions as set forth in
the letter, Judge J. C. L. Gudger, of Waynesville, who had just
arrived, addressed the Assembly in very cordial and hearty words
of sincere welcome to his section of North Carolina. He ex-
pressed his great pleasure in having the teachers here, and hoped
that they would fix the place of their permanent meeting at the
Springs, so that he could welcome them every year. In his re-
marks he gratefully alluded to the great power which the teach-
ers have over the morals and characters of the rising generation,
and specially urged them not to spare any eiforts at correctly
moulding the characters of the children. His profession in the
courts enabled him to see almost daily instances where this early
and careful training which the teacher can give might have saved
both a reputation and a soul. His feeling words were attentively
listened to and left a good impression.
On motion of Prof. I. L. Wright Mrs. Stringfield's letter was
referred to a committee for careful consideration, and the Presi-
dent appointed the committee as follows : I. L. Wright, K. S.
Arrowood, Alex. Mclver, Hugh Morson and H. L. Smith.
Miss Mary T. Pescud then read to the Assembly the following
essay, clearly setting forth the main features of the famous ''Xew
Education," as is now exciting the attention of the profession :
The "New Education" is intended totra in the threefold nature of the child,
as that he may develop into symmetrical maturity. And it endeavors to do this
by natural methods, not by irrational processes of cramming.
The child, when learning naturally, as it does in its ordinary life, observes, com-
pares, reasons, and learns more in this manner, in the course of a week, than he
would learn in a year by merely reading of these things. This propensity of a
child's nature, to observe and lea,rn by seeing and thereby understanding as a
whole, is taken advantage of in what is called the "New Education,*' or the "nat-
ural method."
Under the old regime the child was introduced to a set of meaningless hiero-
glyphics, which he learned to call A, B, C, and so on to the end of the formidable
list. In course of time he was told that see-a-tee spelled cat. How or why this
was, was never explained, and his bewildered understanding groped in this dark
labyrinth, until somehow a conception of the sounds of the letters, rather than
their names, dawned upon him ; how, he could not tell, if indeed he was conscious
of the change. After this, progress was easier, though his steps were still falter-
ing, and checked by many a stumble. Many words thus paiufully spelled out,
remained perfectly useless in his vocabulary, because never understood.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 177
In all other branches of education the same method prevailed. The child was
made the receptacle for various disconnected pieces of information, to be finally
grouped into one whole. His memory was cultivated, but very little besides.
Discipline was not merely strict but cruel : the rod was used on ever}' occasion,
and physical pain was used as a corrective of moral obliquities, little or no effort
being made to train the moral nature in the right way ; and the physical nature
being left to care for itself as best it might.
Under what is popularlj' known as the "New Education," all this is changed.
The child is regarded as a reasonable being, and therefore capable of being taught
to think, and to govern himself. The day of his first entrance into the school-
room is not regarded as the beginning of his education, but as a more systematic
continuance of it.
The first lesson in reading is really a Ieftso7i in reading ; a picture of some familiar
object is shown him, and its written or printed name pointed out, just as soon as
his attfention is called to its spoken name. These being thus connected, are
bound together in memory. The action, and descriptive words are taught in a
similar way, and connectives are taught as they occur. Having no meaning in
themselves, they can only be taught understandingly in their connection.
Number is taught by means of visible, tangible objects — stones, leaves, sticks,
wafers, anything that can be handled, are all used in different combinations to
teach the principles of number, until the mind, having been taught to see with
the concrete, can be led to reason with the abstract.
Words are taught only when the meaning can be understood, and the memory
is thus trained to retain what is valuable, instead of being loaded down with use-
less rubbish.
The daily lessons of the child are varied by oral instruction concerning the
world about him, and its inhabitants. He thus becomes familiarized with the
principles of many of the "ologies," while yet in the primary grades of formal
instniction. And all this is done without injury to the child's mind, because
strictly in accord with Nature's plan — observation. He is taught by the teacher
to see, and the faculties of attention and observation being awakened, memory
acts without effort.
In the higher branches of education, the same methods are used, modified of
course b}' circumstances. But in all cases the two grand rules hold good, " Go
from the known to the unknown," and "Learn to do by doing.''
As the mind matures, judgment and reason become more active, and should be
trained to act properly. Here, comparison of various things or actions, with tbeir
surrounding circumstances, is an important factor, and the steps from cause to
effect are made plain. The teacher's business here is still to lead the pupil to see
in this case with the mental eye.
Physical training is not neglected, "mens sana in corpore sano" is recognized as
an axiom. Pure air and jjlenty of ventilation are thought worthy of careful atten-
tion, and the hours of hardest mental labor are so timed as to coincide with the
greatest physical vigor.
The moral nature, the highest of all, is cared for in due proportion, and charac-
tei'-building, not merely discipline, is sought for as the chief end. The pupil is
taught to choose the right for its own sake, not because wrong-doing brings pun-
ishment, A child's nature, unless very much perverted by faulty home-training,
can see, and grasp after, the beauty of upi'ightness. And it has been proven by
actual experiment, that children and young people can be trained to a sense of
178 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
honor that Avill lead to right-doing and the maintenance of discipline, whether
enforced by the presence of a superior, or not. In the Howard School (one of the
Nashville, Tennessee, public schools) Professor Woolwine has thirteen hundred
children, of all ages, from every social position and kind of home-training. These
children have such a high standard of honor, that not even a monitor is needed in
the large study-halls where one-half of them remain at a time ; and a case of
misconduct requiring corporal punishment, is almost unknown. These children
are models of industry, and are wonderfully quick and correct in their recitation.
It is scarcely worth while to add that Professor Woolwine and his teachers believe
in the "New Education."
To be sure, these ways of working entail much more labor upon the teacher
than the old plan of hearing the lessons from a book held open in the hand. Suc-
cess is impossible without knowledge of the subject and enthusiasm concerning
it. But we, whose hearts are in our work, think the end to be attained worthy of
the labor requii-edto reach it. We are willing to think, and plan, an"d work, put-
ting our hearts cheerfully into the work, if we may thus build up into perfection
that wonderful creation — a human being.
Dr. George Thomas, Chairman of the Board of Education
of Detroit, Michigan, briefly addressed the Assembly, specially
congratulating the teachers upon the admirable work which they
were doing at this meeting. He rejoiced that he had been priv-
ileged to meet with this splendid, enthusiastic corps of North
Carolina teachers, and he had been greatly benefited by the discus-
sions and lectures. Every teacher ought to love the work, for it
is a noble and intensely interesting cause to labor in. He then
gave a graphic description of the wonderful and beautiful devel-
opment of a child from infancy to manhood, and dwelt particu-
larly upon the power which the teacher has toward making
either a noble man or perhaps a failure in life.
Adjourned till to-morrow at 10 o'clock.
MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY -Continued.
F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill, J. P. Stone, Cedar Rock,
W. C. Pnllen, Earpsboro, Joseph Van Holt Nash, Atlanta, Ga.,
Mrs. W. C. Kerr, Blowing Rock, Miss A. E. Spain, Greenville,
Miss Gertrude Carraway, New Bern, '" Lizzie Kerr, Hawfields,
" L. A.Williams, Tarboro, '' S. Isabel Graves, Mt. Airy,
" Annie Warren, Greenville, " Eliza Stnedes, Raleigh,
" Bettie Warren, Greenville, " Siidie Faison, Statesville,
" Lizzie M. Lindsay, Newton, " Ina McCall, Statesville.
EDITORIAL.
SOME TIMELY HINTS.
The recent elections in this State have given us a Legislature
which is almost entirely new in its membership. The records of
the newly elected gentlemen seem to identify them as friends to
education, and we believe that a willinp-ness will be shown toward
providing the State with a better system of public schools. The
voice of the people has long been raised in behalf of a more
efficient school law, such an one as would give to the children of
our State educational privileges equal to those provided by any
other State in the Union. This popular demand has been increas-
iuo" with the g-eneral p-rowth of our schools throughout the State and
it seems that the time has come when the earnest friends of edu-
cation may realize their ardent hopes and desires. To this end,
would it not be well for the new Superintendent of Public
Instruction to invite the leading and most progressive educators
of the State to meet at Raleigh this winter during the session of the
Legislature, and, after careful consultation and co-operation with
him, memorialize the General Assembly in behalf of such a ''School
Bill" as would build up our educational interests in the greatest
degree? The practical teachers from the daily w^ork of the school-
room are the ones who best know what ought to be the provisions
of a systematic school law and we feel sure that our next I^egis-
lature will not refuse to heed the suggestions oiFered by a judicious
assemblage of our best teachers. We will be pleased to hear from
our teachers or County Superintendents upon this important
matter.
We have somewhat delayed this issue of The Teacher in
order that we might get a complete record of teachers who visited
the Exposition.
180 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The Teacher will be clubbed with any other magazine or
publication and it will be well for you to send for our club rates
before renewing your subscriptions to any periodicals.
We have just received a good address upon female educa-
tion and kindred subjects, prepared by Mr. G. L. Greeson, of
Lexington. Xhe author will send a copy to any one who may
make application.
When you look over the pages of The Teacher and find
no mention of your school, please do not find fault with the editor
until you ask yourself if you have ever sent him any items of
information about your school or its work.
The columns of The Teacher are open to our County
Superintendents, and all others interested in the Public School
System, for free and full discussion as to the changes which should
be embodied in the school law which the next Legislature will
give to us.
The lectures at the Teachers' Assembly were so good and
practical that we give in this issue a longer installment of the
proceedings than usual. The thoughts and suggestions contained
in the addresses will be found particularly valuable to progres-
sive teachers.
Have you ever tried ^'Bynon's Fractional Apples" as an
aid in teaching arithmetic ? The apples are of natural size, nicely
colored and divided into all the fractional parts, and are used
with great success. They can be furnished by Messrs. Alfred
Williams & Co., of Raleigh.
We thank Prof T. J. Mitchell, of Charlotte, for the club of
twenty-five new subscribers to The Teacher. Our thanks are
also tendered to several of our County Superintendents for lists
of new subscribers and for kind words as to the value of The
Teacher to the educational cause.
But a few weeks will elapse before the Christmas holidays
are upon us, and we suggest that you try to prepare some kind of
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 181
suitable entertainment for your .sehool. There is now ample time
for this, the trouble and expense will be but slight, and the occa-
sion will aiford much pleasure to all your pupils and make them
more interested in the work of their school
The "North Carolina Teachers' Assembly" has just received
the following excellent and useful donations : From Messrs. A. S.
Barnes & Co., Publishers, New York, a full set of Monteith's
new "Grand Wall Maps," price $40; from Messrs. Hudgings ct
Talty, Geographical Agents, Atlanta, Ga., one "Cram's Mam-
moth Map of the United States," 60x80 inches, price $10.
Thanks.
The address made by Major Robert Bingham before the
National Educational Association, at Madison, is one of the clear-
est examinations that we have ever seen, of the educational pro-
gress and needs of the South. The line of argument, with the
great number of valuable statistics, shows the utmost care and
research given to its preparation. Such an address will be of great
benefit to our school interests.
The first correct solution to the " Missing Cent " problem
was furnished by James Thomas Pugh, aged eleven years, of the
Morrisville Institute, Prof. Silas E. Warren, Principal. Correct
answers were also furnished by Leon B. Humphrey, of Golds-
boro; Maurice Rosenthal, of Miss Jennie Gales' class in Centennial
Graded School at Raleigh; Archie Wightman, of Fayetteville
Graded School ; and Charlie B. W^ike, of W. H. Hughes' school
at East La Porte, Jackson county. The solution of this prol)-
lem and also that of the "Will" question will be published in
next issue of The Teacher.
SBOUT OURJESCHERS.
Miss Alice Nooe is teaching near Morganton.
Mrs. M. M. Dimock is teacliing at Washington.
Miss Jane C. Wade is teaching near Morganton.
Rev. Mr. Bird is teaching near Morehead City.
Eev. J. W. Holt is teaching at Cotnpan}' Shops.
182 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Miss M. E. Bruton is teaching in Columbus county.
Miss Kate Campbell has opened a school at Shelby.
Miss Julia Read is assistant in Beaufort High School.
Mr. J. C. Bowman is Principal of Bakersville High School.
Mr. D. McIntyre has charge of .Jackson Springs Academy.
Miss Brownie L. Johnson is teaching music in Troy Academy.
Miss Mamie Ulbich is teaching a private school at New Bern.
Mr. W. C. Crisp isi teaching at Blowing Rock, Watauga county.
Mrs. Annie McGilvary is Principal of the Academy at Pockett.
Mk. R, M. Meares is teaching near Pleasant Hill, Columbus county.
Miss Selma Snyder, of Elizabeth City, is teaching at Powell's Point.
Miss Ella J. Potter opened a school at Beaufort on 3d of November.
Miss Laura Griffith is assistant teacher in the Edenton Graded Sciiool.
Mrs. R. F. Cheshire is Assistant Principal of the Graded School at Eden-
ton.
Miss M. A. Carter has just opened the fall term of her school at Chad-
bourn.
Mr. Thomas A. Cajrpenter has a flourishing school at Webster, Jackson
county.
Rev. S. W. Brown, A. M., is Principal of Sparta Institute in Allegiiany
county.
Miss Mary White, of Alamance, is teaching in the Magnolia Graded
School.
Mr. John P. Monroe has resigned as a teacher in the Fayetteville Graded
School.
Mr. R. K. Meade, of Charlottesville, Va., is Principal of Highland Academy
at Hickory.
Mr. J. Y. Joyner, late of LaG range Collegiate Institute, is reading law at
Goldsboro.
Mr. Isaac Sutton, formerly of Wilson Graded School, is at Hannaford
College, Pa.
Miss Florence Byrd is assisting Rev. A. R. Morgan in Stewart's Academy
at Troyville.
Miss Ascherfield is in charge of the Music Department of the Monroe
High School.
Miss Rishton is winning golden opinions as a disciplinarian in Monroe
High School.
Mr. Rufus G. Buckner has a very fine school near Black Mountain, Bun-
combe county.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 183
Miss L. A. Williams lias cliarge of Oakdale Institute, at Mr. E. C. Knight's,
near Tarboro.
Mk. J. (\ Cook is Associate Principal of Huntersvilie High School for
boys and girls.
Miss Ida Travis was married a few weeks ago to Mr. W. R. Smith, of
Halifax county.
Me. Sajiuel B. Sawyer, of Asheville, has a flourishing school at Welch,
Graham connty.
Miss Olivia Waters, of Wilson, has taken charge of a private school in
Bean fort connty.
Miss Hennie Patrick, of Kinston, will assist Prof. H. L. Smith in the
Selma High School.
Prof. J. D. Epes, of Magnolia, is Associate Principal in the "Ellsworth
School" at Henderson.
Mr. H. H. Phelps has taken a position as assistant teacher in Chockm^nity
School, near Washington.
Mr. W\ C. Earnhardt, of Concord, has taken charge of the Male Academy
at Mt. Airy, Snrry county.
Miss Lizzie Gethrie is in charge of the Music Department of Greenlee
School, McDowell county.
Miss Mary Wood Alexander, a prominent teacher of Lincolnton, died
at Asheville, September 23.
Miss Mary Barnes has been selected as a teacher of the higher class in
the Wilson Graded School.
Miss Laera Dodb, of Greensboro, has taken charge of the Music Depart-
ment of Oak Ridge Institute.
Eev. N. E. Price is Principal of Bath Academy, Beaufort county. Bath
is the oldest town in the State.
]\Irs. R. H. Lewis, of Kinston College, visited the Exposition, accompanied
by c^uite a number of her pupils.
Dr. R. C. Ellis and wife are meeting with much success as Principals of
Waco Academy, Cleveland county.
Mr. W. E. Wooten, assisted by Mrs. Hargrave, is in charge of the graded
school at Snow Hill, Greene county.
Mr. a. D. Kestler is principal of a country school for males and females,
three miles south-west of Statesville.
Miss Alice Page,' of Morrisville, Wake county, has taken charge of the
Academy at Sandy Ridge, Stokes county.
Prof. F. A. Fetter, formerly Tutor in the University of North Carolina,
is Principal of the Edenton Graded School.
184 the' XOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Capt. John Duckett, Principal of Hamilton Institute, brought several of
his teachers and scliolars to the Exj osition.
Mr. John L. Borden has been elected as a teacher in Goldsboro Graded
Sciiool, in place of Professor Patterson, resigned.
Mji. W. C. PuLLEN has JMst closed a ir'iost successful term of his school at
Earpsboro. Tlienextterm will begin in January.
Mr. J. H. Hii^L, M. A., has associated Rev. P. P. Wynn with him as Prin-
cipal of Statesville Academy for boys and young men.
Miss Mary Borden, of Goldsboro, is taking a post-graduate course in elocu-
tion, music and painting in Greensboro F'emale College.
Mr. L. M. Warlick, of Charlotte, a graduate of the University, has
accepted a position as assistant in Raleigh Male Academy.
Miss Hattie Griffin, we regret to learn, was not able to open her school
at Washington at the appointed time, on account of sickness.
Mr. James L. Norman, late of Wake Forest College, has been elected
Principal of the Columbia (Tyrrell county) Preparatory School.
Mrs. Jessie H. Schaeffer, of Washington City, daughter of Rev. Dr.
James A. Harrold, spent several days in Raleigh during October.
Mrs. W. B. Harrele, of Stanly county, Assistant Principal of Big Lick
Academy, has been spending several days with her son in Raleigh.
Miss Gertrude Carraway has been teaching near New Bern. Her school
was well conducted and her services greatly appreciated by her patrons.
Miss Lilian Lea has returned to Rocky Mount as assistant in the Graded
School. The other assistants are Misses Sallie McSwain and Minnie Holmes.
Mr. W. B. Bagwell, Associate Principal of Gary High School, was mar-
ried on October 21st to Miss Mary C. Worthy. May happiness attend them.
Mr. M. T. Edgerton and wife, of North Carolina, students of the Southern
Normal of Nashville, Tennessee, are teaching (during vacation) at Petersburg,
Tennessee.
Rev. Hannibal S. Henderson, a graduate of St. Augustine Normal
vSchool, Raleigh, has been elected principal of a colored school at Lexington,
Kentucky.
Mr. W. G. Jones, of Chester, Va., a graduate of William and Mary College,
and an experienced teacher, has been elected Principal of the Rocky Mount
Graded School.
Mr. Thomas Brooks, of Henderson, who has been connected with the
Horner School, has been elected teacher of the Second Grade in the Fuyette-
ville Graded School.
Mr. R. S. Arrowood, of Concord, Treasurer of the North Carolina Teachers'
Assembly, is just recovering fi'om a severe attack of illness which couipelled
a short suspension of his school.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 185
Miss Annie B. Timberlake, an accomplished musician, for several years
organist in First Bajitist Snnday-schoo] at Raleigh, has accepted a position as
Teacher of Mnsic in Chowan Baptist P^emale Institute.
Miss Nannie Wilkinson, a cultured lady, daughter of Prof. F. S. Wil-
kinson, of Tarboro, has accepted a situation as teacher in Statesville Female
College, in place of .Miss Lizzie Kerr, who has resigned.
Miss Ina M. McCall, who is associated with Miss Fannie Everett in the
management of Statesville Female College, spent several days at the Exposi-
tion, accompanied by five other young ladies of the school.
Prof. F. P. Venable, of the University, was married on November 3d to
Miss Sallied Manning, daughter of Hon. John Manning. The couple were
presented with some handsome silver by the chemistry classes.
Miss Emma Scale?, of Reidsville, we regret to learn, lost her residence by
fire on the night of the 25th of September, and her school building at Reids-
ville was also burned on October 30th. Our sincerest sympathies are extended.
Mrs. M. O. Humphrey, teacher in Primary Department of Goldsboro
Graded School, has just declined the ofier of a position in the High and
Graded School at Boise City, Idaho, at a salary of $700 per year. North
Carolina teachers are being appreciated.
Capt. J. J. Fray, Princi[)al of Raleigh Male Academy, and President of
the North Carolina Teachers' Assembly, has been compelled to leave the
school-room on account of tailing health. His illness occasions much solici-
tude on the part of his large number of friends throughout the State.
BOOK NOTICES.
Labberton's Historical Atlas. Seventh and enlarged edition. New
York : Townsend MacCoun.
Krusi's Teacher's Manual for Synthetic Drawing. New edition.
New York : D. Appleton & Co.
Bingham's Latin Grammar. New edition. Revised by W. Gordon
McLabe, A. M. Philadelphia: E. H. Butler & Co. Price, $L35.
A Thousand Questions on American History. An Outline of the His-
tory of the United States in the form of Questions and Answers. Syracuse :
C. W. Bardeen. Price, §)L00.
A Quiz Book on the Theory and Practice of Teaching. By A. P.
Southwick, A. M. Logansport, Indiana: Modern Teachers' Supply Co.
Almost every conceivable method that is of value to the teacher is briefly
and clearly treated in this book, particularly are those "knotty questions" of
nielhud, management and discipline, which constantly meet the teacher in his
work, explained and put in such practical shape that they can be met without
trouble. Prof Southwick has the happy faculty of knowing when a new help
186 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
is needed by tlie profession, and lie also has the ability to provide it. This
"Quiz Book" ongiit to be on the desk of every teacher, and not a day should
pass without a careful reference to its admirable hints; and if this is done the
good teacher will teacii lietter and the inexperienced teaciier will soon become
proficient.
AppijEton's Instructive Reading Books. Natural History Series — Book
First. Book of Cats and Dogs and other Friends. By .James Johonnot. Xew
York : D. Appleton A: Co.
This series of new Readers does not appear before it is needed, for we
are aware of a rapidly growing demand for graded reading matter that will
add to — supplement — and not repeat — that which is, to a great extent, very
similar in the Readers of the publishers of the day.
This series — of four books — is in delightful accord with the spirit of true
educational progress. The high character of the author, as teacher and philos-
oplier, is another presumption in favor of its excellence tluit cannot be over-
estimated— he who is known so well to our Readers through the "Principlesand
Practice of Teaching."
Neither can the words of Johonnot be improved, who in the preface to book
first, says; "Children love pets; they never tire of stories; and they are
delighted with jingle and the fiui of incongruity. Through these loves the
little opening minds may be led to careful obsei'vation, comparison, and de-
scriptions— steps at once necessary to mental growth, an(i leading up to the
portals of science. By insensible degrees, play may be made to merge in study,
and /im to take the form of fact." And then, there is a nobler, higher purpose
that underlies these simple stories about animals, for they quietly but surely
stanap upon the impressible mind, priceless lessons of morality that are too
often neglected in our schools — the kindness and tenderness that go arm in
arm with "the offices of soft humanity." Fascinating indeed is this study of
the child's mind and thrice welcome such means as these for unfolding and
lifting it up.
How WE Live ; or the Human Body, and How to Take Care of it. By
James Johonnot and Eugene Bouton, Ph. D., New York : D. Appleton & Co.
This duodeciuio — in pretty binding, with clean, clear, attractive illustrations
and text — supi)lies along-felt want. It is an elementary guide to living right;
an easy and attractive descrijttion of the body and its parts, of eating and what
comes of it, how digestion goes on, how the blood gets "urified and nurtures
the body, how the body is able to move, to stand, is covered, how bodily motion
is directed, how the mind gets ideas and expresses them, etc. It is high tinie
that children should be taught something about themselves. As the author
says, it is a radical defect that admits technical grammar and excludes physi-
ology, and, as Mr. Herbert Spencer writes, men who would blush if caught sa_v-
ing Iphige'-nia instead of Iphigeni'-a, would not feel at all abashed in confess-
ing that they did not know where the Eustachian tubes are located, and would
resent as insulting, an intimation of ignorance on their part of the fabled
labours of a fabled demi-god. Manv a teacher in our midst, who lives in the
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. • 187
ntniospliei'e of tlie dead languages, and delves unremittingly for the fossil roots
of the Greek verli, does not consider it to l)e at all inciiaibent on him to be
able to instruct an enquiring pupil as to the physiological reason why the
alchoholic habit, for instance, is hostile to life. The author in the preface says,
"the manifest importance of the subject is the 'why' of the book. The 'how'
remains to be considered " ,
A CoMPEND OF Geolosy. By Joseph LeConte, Professor of Geology and
Natural History in the University of California, author of "Elements of Geol-
ogy," etc. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
This duodecimo of four hundred pages does not compress the subject into a
dull and dismal array of definitions and divisions, dry facts and figures, but
makes tempting and fascinating, a branch of knowledge that is considered by
many to be dry and obscure, dull and — must we say — unnecessary. But the
day is pastwhen thesciences can be pooh-poohed witli impunity, as an unneeded
link in the education of the people. A knowledge of geology is now demanded
in very many of the most practical operations of life. Did not a number
of capitalists not long since ruin themselves and their friends, from not know-
ing, when sinking a mine, that a certain fossil belonged to the old red sand-
stone, below which no coal is found? Does not this study of the mysteries of
nature tend to elevate the thoughts and enoble the mind? Sad indeed, says an
eminent philosopher, "it is to see how men occupy themselves with trivialities-
are deeply concerned in the controversy of some contemptible court intrigue or
other of a past age — are learnedly critical over a Greek ode. and pass by with-
out a thought, that grand topic written by the finger of God upon the strata of
the earth." Those teachers who are abreast of modern movements in education
M'ill not fail to examine this book — which the author says he has tried to make
interesting totlie pupil, and at the same time, to convey real scientific knowledge,
to awaken and cultivate the habit of observation by directing attention to geo-
logical phenomena occurring and geological queries at work now on every side.
TEACHERS^ BUREAU,
[4®"The North Carolina Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned in this
department, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
Teacher and they will be promptly forwarded.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
36. A young lady desij-es a school, or an assistant's position. She has a suc-
cessful experience of several years and is competent to teach all the English
branches and Mathematics.
37. A music teacher (lady) experienced and competent. Can give best of
references and perfect satisfaction.
38. A young lady desires a position as teacher of Higher English, Elocu-
tion, Penmanship, Calisthenics and Free-hand Drawing. Thoroughly quali-
fied, and can give good references.
-J^
EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS,
New York and Chicago.
Latest Books of the JVational Series.
Barnes' New National Readers.
BARNES' GENERAL HISTORY.
A Brief History of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Peoples in one volume.
The most fascinating and complete General History published. Sample copv
$1.60.
BARDEEN'S COMPLETE RHETORIC
Treats all subjects fully and practically. Enforces all principles bj' practi-
cal exercises. Most comprehensive and most interesting treatise on the
subject. Sample copy $1.50
HYGIENIC PHYSIOLOGY, (foe schools).
With special reference to the use and effects of Alcoholic Drinks and Nar-
cotics. Edited and endorsed by the W. C. T. U., of the United States. Sam-
ple copy $1.00.
PECK'S POPULAR ASTRONOMY.
Presents in a compact and practical form all the facts and principles of the
science that are needed in a general course of eollegiate education. Sample
copy $1.20.
BARNES' BRIEF U. S. HISTORY.
One of the most remarkable text-books ever issued It is the standard in
Chicago, St. Louis, Louisville, Milwaukee, Detroit, and more than a thousand
other leading Western cities and towns. Sample copy fl.OO.
PECK'S GANOT'S PHYSICS, (revised edition).
Many parts have been re-written. Much new matter added, a large num-
ber of new cuts introduced and the whole treatise thoroughly revised and
brought into harmony with the present advanced stage of scientific discovery.
Sample copy $1.00.
BARNES' NEW ARITHMETICS.
Present a minimum of theory with a maximum of practice. Adopt tlie
shortest and best methods, language clear and exact.
MONTEITH'S NEW GEOGRAPHIES.
Complete two-book series, with latest data, beautiful maps, new standard
time, and all other "modern improvements."
SILLS'S LESSONS IN ENGLISH.
Practical, systematic and complete. Useless verbiage eliminated, and
English Grammar treated comprehensively in one convenient sized volume
at small cost. Sample copy 60c.
STEELE'S U WEEKS IN EACH SCIENCE.
Embracing Philosophy, Physiology, Chemistry, Zoology, Geology, Astron-
omy and Botany. Present the cream of the respective studies; and the
treatment of the subjects is not only exceedingly practical but ahvaj's re-
markably interesting to the pupils. Sample coptes $1.00 each.
MONTEITH'S POPULAR SCIENCE READER.
Contains lessons and selections in Natural Philosophy, Botany, Natural
History. All copiously illustrated by cuts and diagrams' Sample copy 75c.
McNALLY'S GEOGRAPHY. (Revised).
A striking new feature Geograpliy outside tlie text-books has been added
in foot notes on a plan similar to Steele's Scientific Series. Also search ques-
tions on the plan of Historical Recreations in Barnes' Brief U. S. History.
Sample copy $1.25.
The Nation.vl Series comprises more than three hundred publications, pre-
senting text-lniciks adavited to every grade of common school and college
classes, all 111' \iliii'li will be found "fully described in our new Descriptive
Cataliigiio, niailcil free on application.
('oiTospondeneo eordiallv invited, .\ddress
A.. S. BARNKS & f:0..
Ill .t 113 William Street, New Y
J. W. THACKSTON, Gen. Agent,
RALEIGH, N. C
MAJOR SIDNEY MICHAEL FINGER,
ELECTED SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION FOR NORTH
CAROLINA, TO SERVE FOR FOUR YEARS FROM
JANUARY 1st, 1885.
THE
North Carolina Teaclier.
Vol. II. Raleigh, November; 1884. No. 5.
THE TEACHER TAUGHT.
BY WOLSTAN DIXEY,
A frosty chill was in the air,
How plainly I remember —
The bright autumnal fires had paled,
Save here and there an ember ;
The sky looked hard, the hills were bare,
And there were tokens everywhere
That it had come — November.
I locked the time-worn school-house door,
The village seat of learning,
Across the smooth, well-trodden path
My homeward footsteps turning;
My heart a troubled question bore,
And in my mind, as oft before,
A vexino' thouy-ht was burning.
*'Why is it up-hill all the way?"
Thus ran my meditations ;
The lessons had gone wrong that day,
And I had lost my patience.
*' Is there no way to soften care,
And make it easier to bear
Life's sorrows and vexations?"
THE ISrOETH CAKOLIN^A TEACHEK.
Across my pathway, through the wood,
A fallen tree was lying;
On this there sat two little girls,
And one of them was crying.
I heard her sob : "And if I could, -v^
I'd get my lessons awful good ;
But what's the use of trying?"
And then the little hooded head
Sank on the other's shoulder,
The little weeper sought the arms
That opened to enfold her.
Against the young heart kind and true^
She nestled clo.se, and neither knew
That I was a beholder.
And then I heard — ^ah ! ne'er was known
Such judgment without malice,
No qneenlier counsel ever heard,
In senate-house or palace ! —
"I should have failed there, I am sure ;
Don't l,)e discouraged,^ try once more.
And I wrill help you^ Alice."
^'And I vnll help you." This is how^
To soften cai'e and grieving ;
Life is made easier to bear
By helping and by giving.
Here was the answer I had sought^
And I, the teacher, being taught
The secret of true living.
If "I will help you" were the rule^
How changed beyond all measure
Life would become ! Each heavy load
Would he a golden treasure ;
Pain and vexation be forgot ;
Hope would prevail in every lot,
And life be only pleasure. — Treasure Trove.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 191
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THE MOUNTAINS OR THE SES ?
BY MISS MARY R. GOODLOE, ASHEVILLE-
In your October issue, I find several points suggested for
the next meeting of the Assembly; and it happens that I am
thoroughly familiar with each one; therefore I presume to give
my opinion as to the bed of these points for the meeting, and
furthermore to suggest another in the event of none of these being
chosen.
The sun shines on no fairer land than the county of Watauga:
and Blowing Rock, the village of Watauga, proposed for the
Assembly meeting is particularly attractive, being four thousand
feet above the sea, with such air as I never, anywhere else,
inhaled, and such scenery as I never, anywhere else, beheld. It
lies on the very top of the Blue liidge, twenty-tw^o miles from
the railroad, and just about half of this distance is steep, moun-
tain climbing. Now, how do the committee propose to transport
the five hundred teachers (for that number should he expected
and provided for) up and then down this mountain road? I
might say five hundred teachers, and five hundred trunks, and
there are in the town of Lenoir, where we leave the railroad, I
believe, two small livery stables ! None at Blowing Rock, nor is
there a hotel at Blowing Rock — "but one to be built," you say.
Who of us can feel assured that a house, not yet contracted for,
can, in that inaccessible region, be built and made comfortable
for the Teachers' Assembly by June? Who of us can think it
wise to ai'rauge for the meeting there ?
Black Mountain Hotel comes next along the line of proposal,
and would, for many reasons, be pleasant, but unless it is expected
to reduce our numbers by more than half, to decide on meeting
there, would surely be unwise. The house could not possibly
accommodate us.
And last among the mount^iiu resorts named, comes our last
meeting-place, the Haywood Springs, which needs no discussion,
192 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
as we all know the lovely situation, the fine water, and the
charming days we passed there together, but we know also about
the breaks in the railroads, and about the lack of a hall for meet-
ing; which discomforts were too striking to need comment. So,
all in all, it seems to me that Nag's Head nuist be more de-
sirable than these points. Water travel is far pleasanter in June
than travel by cars, and the people throughout the. section are
urging us to come ; rates will be put down so that the trip to
teachers from the central portion of the State (the section to be
considered, of course) will be quite as inexpensive, perhaps more
so, than that to Waynesville. If the hotel cannot accommodate
all (I think it can) there are cottages along the sound and sea
which would be available, and there is a large ball-room where
the assembly meetings can be held at any hour, uninterruptedly.
Some one objected, that we might be drowned in the surf. True !
but as none of us were dashed to death off Lickstone last summer,
we may take the' drowning risk next summer. Again, it was
objected, thai many woidd suffer from sea-sickness, which cer-
tainly might be the case, but it is not inevitable, by any means.
I believe, indeed, that the majority of those who make the trip
do not suffer, I have twice made it, and experienced no uncom-
fortable sensation. Further than that, what if the dread visitor
shoidd overtake the unwary? The attack would be of brief
duration, and is beneficial to the general health, physicians tell us.
And the delights of the sea-shore! Who can picture a more
charming scene than the five himdred teaehei's, weary and worn
with their ten months of faithful work, resting and recreating
at Nag's Head ! Roanoke Island, the point of prime historic
interest in the State, lies just in front of them. About eight miles,
I think it is, to the old star-shaped fort of Sir Walter Raleigh's
colonists, the outlines of which are still clearly discernable. The
home of Manteo, now a village bearing the chieftain's name, is
within pleasant sailing distance, and the fishing along these
Roanoke banks furnishes sport that I have never seen equalled
elsewhere. But beyond all this is the broad .Vtlantic, stretched
out in its perfect beauty of blue, before our doors, sparkling and
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 193
gay ill the sunlight, or magnificent in the angry fury of storm.
The surf-bath is simply superb. The exhilarating influence of
the great ^Yhite waves dashing over our heads is indescribable,
and the salt air so invigorates one, and so sharpens the appetite,
that one concludes there were never such fish and oysters before !
To the lover of Nature, fancy how delightful it must be, too, to
see from the bed, the sun rise out of the Atlantic every morning,
and from the windows of the hotel see it dip in the Sound every
afternoon. Time and space fiiil me, or I should like to tell our
committee something about the wonderful fresh water pools, so
near to the ocean as to catch its spray, "when the breaking waves
dash high," and about the wonderful gorges and hill-sides, where
gigantic trees are growing, in that line of yellow sand dividing
the waters of sound and sea. I hope we shall all meet on this
magnificent beach next June and see and enjoy it together; but
if that be for any reason, impracticable or undesirable, would not
Asheville be the next best point? I cannot assert the fact, but I
think board can be obtained, at the season of the meeting, for the
same rates as at Haywood White Sulphur Springs, and a- hall for
business can also probably be secured, which I think is a very
important thing to consider.
I hope other teachers will discuss this important question
through your columns, and that when the Easter holidays come,
a point good and agreeable to all will have been selected for our
meeting-place.
While I greatly prefer Nag's Head to any other point, and
next after that Asheville, my "voice and vote" will sustain the
action of the committee in taking us where in their good judg-
ment they may deem best.
A SHEET, ON WHICH are written the reported grammatical
errors of pupils, kept posted conspicuously, will do more to
banish bad language and bad pronunciation than all the set gram-
mar lessons that can be given. — Fowle.
194 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
GOOD REIDING.
BY F. W. PARKER, NORMAL PARK, ILL.
There is one way of checking the terrible effects of vicious
and soul-polluting literature upon our children. Every one who
has given the matter the slightest thought will agree that dime
novels, boys' weeklies, and other reading so cheaply and abun-
dantly furnished, is the prolific source of vice and crime. All
that is necessary to stem this terrible tide of iniquity is the read-
ing in our schools of the best literature, under the direction of
wise and faithful teachers.
A glance at the way reading is generally taught in our schools
will convince any impartial observer that this subject is made the
dryest and the dreariest of all studies. In our graded schools,
children generally read, on an average, an hour a day during the
eight or nine years^ course, at the rate of less than one book a
year. The average child learns by heart in a few weeks all
there is in the first three books, after that the constant repetitions
are in the highest degree monotonous. There is nothino- to
attract his attention or stimulate his love for reading. The selec-
tions filling Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Readers are too often far
above the mental grasp of the pupil, and are also of so fragment-
ary a nature as to be almost unintelligible to the average student.
AVord pronouncing, and that alone, is the only refuge of the
teacher.
Is it any wonder that our little ones, M'ith their fervid imag-
inations, with their intense desire to find something compehen-
sible behind the otherwise staring hieroglyphics — is it any wonder
that they take refuge in that which stains their souls, pollutes
their imagination, and leads directly to sin and destruction.
]\Iouruing over this dreadful state of affairs is heard from the
puljiit, from the press, from fond parents, from all who love
goodness and purity, and who realize the terrible evils arising
from demoralized and disordered imaginations. The cause is not
far to seek. It is found in the shameful, nay, almost criminal
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 195
neglect of school authorities to furnish good books for the use of
the schools.
There can be no excuse on account of the cost, for the money
now thrown away, and worse than thrown away upon useless
spelling-books and mind stupifying grammars, would purchase a
supply of the best reading matter the English language affords
few every school in the laud.
I have tried this experiment, and to my mind it is no longer
an exjjeriment. I have seen the children of the poorest and
most ignorant parents taking from the library works upon his-
tory, travels, biography, and the very best fiction, exhibiting in
their selection excellent taste, and showing from their manner how
much they love such books. They would no more choose bad
reading than they would chose bad food when wholesome is pro-
vided for them. Shameful neglect, I repeat, and not innate
depravity, drives our children into by-ways and forbidden paths.
Let no one preach long sermons on the depraved tendencies of
the young, until he has tried this simple, cheap, and practical way
of avoiding an uunecessarv evil. — School Journal.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
HIGH STINDSRD IN TEACHING.
BY ARACHEL.
How easy it is to hold up before the young teacher, in polished
sentence and orthodox phrase, the characteristics of the model
teacher. Every educational journal and teachers' monthly has a
cut-and-dried article on the subject. The teacher-students of
every Normal School listen annually to a well-prepared speech
setting forth the qualifications of the ideal teacher. Not one in
ten thousand of these speakers and writers could "fill the bill"
as presented by themselves. We seriously think that an angel from
Heaven could scarcely carry out the injunctions of these Nestors
of the Press and platform.
196 THE NORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHER.
One result of this "raising the standard" has been to discour-
age many a young, ardent and aspiring teacher. They think
that these speakers and writers ought to know whereof they
affirm. They endeavor to reach this ideal "standard." Of
course they fail. Grievous disappointment follows, and some-
times a withdrawal from the chosen field of labor.
IDEAL TEACHING.
Again, in the journals and at the Normal Schools, methods of
teaching are presented and insistsd on which are impracticable in
a large majority of our schools. The pliant young Normalite
takes down the notes in. his tablet as if they were gospel truths.
He goes back to his little school and "tries on" the new methods.
A terrible "mis-fit" is the consequeiice. He tries, in vain, to
make his school accommodate itself to the models which he has
brought home. Having entire confidence in the "Professors,"
they are forced to believe that something is wrong somewhere.
And very often the conclusion is reached that the wrong is with
themselves.
In the meanwhile the school suffers — the old plans having .
been thrown aside — the new plans not working.
INDIVIDUALITY OF THE TEACHER.
No one should be a teacher who has not good common sense.
Each teacher must judge for himself or herself whether any given
methods or plans are suited to the peculiar circumstances of the
school. Each teacher can find out these "circumstances." That
is to say, each teacher can know the degree of training, moral
aud intellectual, of the parents of the pupils — their pecuniary
abilities^their modes of thought — their prejudices and their
anxiety or indifference in regard to the education of their chil-
dren.
Each teacher should "study" the school committee of the dis-
trict and convince that body of his or her intense interest in the
welfare of the children. In fine, each teacher must adopt those
methods of teaching best adapted to the surroundings, whether
these "methods" be approved or not by the great lecturers and
journals.
THE XC^KTIT CATJOIJXA TEACITKR. 197
THE CHILDREN'S CANDIDATE.
From the Lakes to the (xulf, aud from Ocean to Ocean,
The men of onr laud have been in awful commotiou;
There were parties and factions, and each one was bent
On a man of its choice for the next President.
On the children's behalf — and I hope not too late —
I rise to present you a new candidate ;
So well loved is he, aud so great is his fame,
That happy smiles greet the mere soimd of his name.
He calls once a year to each palace aud cot,
Aud his visits, like blessings, are never forgot;
Like a warm gleam of sunshine he lights up the 2:)lace
AVith his jolly glad laugh, and his round, ruddy face.
.\11 know him — all love him, for never a word
Of scandal against him has any one heard;
He is loved by the rich — better loved by the poor,
And welcomed alike by the high and obscure.
He recalls happy youth to the care-worn aud old,
Aud opens the purse-strings of hearts long grown cold;
He loves the whole world, but above all the rest
It is innocent childhood he loves far the best.
AVith stockings for ballots, polling-places the wall.
He will get the unanimous vote of them all.
Then drop all the rest — get the children's applause,
Aud elect their own candidate — dear Saxta Glaus.
— Selected.
So STROXG is the desire among the pupils to keep down tardi-
ness that a child dreads the frown of the rest of the school in
going in late. — Aiionyjnons.
198 THE XOI^TH f'AROLrXA TEACHER.
SOMETHINGS FOR OUR CHILDREN TO KNOW.
Every boy and girl in North Carolina from ten or twelve
years old npward ought to be able to answer correctly the fol-
lowing questions :
1. Bound your township, county and State.
2. Draw maps of the same, giving streams, railroads, towns
and cities.
3. Give the area in miles and acres; also the population at
last census.
4. When, where and by whom was North Carolina first
settled? Give incidents.
5. ^\^^en Avas the State admitted into the Union?
6. When was the present Constitution framed?
7. Name the first Colonial and the first State Governor.
8. Give name, date, location and history of the battles fought
within the State during the Revolutionary and civil wars.
0. Name the principal railroads now completed.
10. Give, in order of size, the names and location of cities
having a population of more than 5,000.
11. What is the population of Raleigh, the capital city?
12. Name the counties which lie on the Neuse, C'ape Fear,
Tar, Roanoke, Yadkin, French Broad and Catawba rivers, re-
spectively. •
13. Name the highest town in the State. ^Vltitude?
14. Give the area, dej^th and boundaries of Albemarle and
Pamlico Sounds.
lo. What Presidents has the State furnished? Give the
dates of their administrations.
IG. Name and locate the principal educational institutions
and give their characteristics.
17. Who is President of the ITnivcrsity of North Carolina?
18. Describe our public school system.
19. Name the leading educational, religious and political
iouruals.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 199
20. What authors has the State furnished? Mention their
works.
21. What are North Carolina's principal productions — ani-
mal, vegetable, mineral and manufactured?
22. W^ho is the present Governor, and what is his salary ?
Term of office?
23. Who is the State Superintendent of Public Instruction?
24. Who is the Superintendent of Public Instruction for your
county ?
25. Name and define the departments of State govern-
ment. Who are the officers?
26. How many Congressional districts in North Carolina?
Name yours, and who is your representative? What is the
salary ?
27. What was North Carolina's record during the Civil war?
How many troops did the State furnish? What distinguished
officers ?
28. For what is the State specially noted ?
MISS MNIE'S HISTORY CLSSS,
It was generally conceded and believed by the neighbors and
friends that Miss Annie R.'s school was one of the best to be
found in all the central portion of North Carolina. Her disci-
pline was excellent, her management admirable, and the general
work and progress of her pupils could not be surpassed. An
inquiry of any of the patrons in regard to the school always
elicited a most gratifying report, generally ending thus: "i^nd
you ought to see her History Class at work ! Why, Miss Annie
has taught her pupils everything about History, and they can
answer at once any question you might ask them."
Miss Annie's "History Class" was composed of twelve bright
boys and girls, from thirteen to sixteen years of age. She had
200 THE NORTH CAEOLTXA TEACHER.
given a great deal of time and care to their training in this special
branch of study, she was very proud of the progress which they
had made, and any opportunity for "showing off" the History
Class gave her a great deal of pleasure, because she felt sure that
their unusual knowledge of historical matter would always aston-
ish the visitors to the school.
One beautiful clay in October a light tap was heard at the door
of Miss Annie's school-room, and, upon opening the door, she
saw a very modest stranger, who asked permission to witness the
work of this "model" school.
The smiling teacher promptly invited him to enter, and then
to a seat upon the rostrum, that he might the better witness the
examinations. Miss Annie then called class after class to pass in
review before the stranger, and by plying questions skillfully and
rapidly, which received very satisfactory answers, her methods
were greatly complimented by the visitor. Miss Annie was grati-
fied, but what pleased her most was her anticipation of greater
surprise and admiration which the stranger would express when
the "History Class" should be called.
After each class, grammar, arithmetic, geography and reading,
had successfully run the gauntlet of inspection, the twelve " his-
tory" pupils were called upon the rostrum. Miss Annie turned
to her visitor and smilingly said : " Now, sir, you see the pet class
of my school. I feel the great importance of having my scholars
well acquainted with their country's and the ^vorld's history, and
have, therefore, given special attention to the training of this
class."
She then began to question each pupil by turn, upon almost
every conceivable period of history, ancient, mediaeval and modern,
as relating to foreign countries and the United States. Correct
replies were given throughout the examination ; then with an air
of great pride. Miss Annie looked at the stranger, and, handing
him the book, said pleasantly : " I would be pleased to have you
examine the class upon this topic."
The gentleman took the book, but did not open it, and turned
to a bright, handsome girl at the head of the class, with this ques-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 201
tion : " Who made the first attempt at planting a colony in North
Carolina?" The girl looked confused, blushed, hung her head,
and said : " I don't know, sir." The inquiry was made of the
next in the class, and no answer could be given, then to the next
with a like result, and so ou through the class.
Miss Annie appeared mortified and the "History Class" seemed
to be astounded. The cruel stranger again asked: "By whom
was North Carolina settled ?" This question also passed down
the line and obtained no reply. Then was asked, in rotation.:
" AVho was the first Governor of North Carolina ?" " Who were
the Regulators ?" " When did the State adopt the first Consti-
tution?" "What memorable battles of the Revolution were
fouo-ht in North Carolina?" " W^hen was North Carolina admit-
ted into the Union ?" " What part did the State take in the civil
war?" And many other questions were plied about our own
State, all of which failed to be answered.
Miss Annie's troubled expression left her face, and turning to
the stranger with a smile of honest confession, she said: "Ah,
sir, you have taught me a great lesson. I have been filling my
pupils' minds with dates and events of all other countries of
the world and have sadly neglected to teach them the most impor-
tant historical matters of our own dear old North Carolina. I
see my error, and heartily thank you for so plainly and positively
showing it to me, and will adopt a new method of history teach-
ing from this day. My boys and girls must know more of their
own people, their own State and her glorious record from the
earliest settlement to the present time. I want you to visit my
school a year hence, and then I will present my " North Carolina
History Class " to you with a real pride in the knowledge which
they shall possess of their own native land."
The stranger made another visit to the school after a year had
elapsed, and found that Miss Annie had faithfully kept her
word. The visitor was greatly pleased at the change which he
noted in the history class. Miss Annie was delighted at the quick
and intelligent answers and views which they gave to all questions,
202 THE NORTH CAROLlisrA TEACHER.
and the boys and girls were proud of the valuable fund of his-
torical information which they possessed concerning the land of
their birth.
Are you, teachers, striving to correct the mistake which Miss
Annie had made?
YISITYOURSCHOLIRS.
The teacher who would be successful must win the confidence
of his scholars and be in sympathy with them ; he must know
their natures, their surroundings and their needs. In no way can
he better do so than by visiting them at their homes. He thereby
shows his interest in them and wins their love.
How such visiting enables you to bind the children's hearts to
your own ! I gO' around in the district and see the parents,
brothers and sisters of my scholars ; I am shown a favorite picture-
book, or a pet dog, or pussy, or pony, or a little garden over which
a pupil exercises absolute ownership, and afterwards I take occa-
sion to inquire about these things. I ask one whether his big-
brother (the fiimily pride) is going into that big store yet ; I tell
another that I never saw such a saucy, tricky little dog as hers ;
I recall some pleasant incident of my visit to their house or ask
Johnnie whether he can manage the potato bugs in his garden
yet. In this way I gain the love, confidence and hearty co-oper-
ation of my scholars.
The parents, too, are pleased with the attention, and no longer
regard me as a school teacher merely, but more as a friend. As
far as my experience goes, I must say I have found no surer way
of securing the support and co-operation of the parents than by
paying them an occasional visit.
Then, too, I get many valuable hints. I know that the most
efiective way to manage Willie R. is to drop a line to his mother.
I have learned that Jennie B. is to have the nice apple-tree at the
side of her father's house if she maintains a crood standino- in her
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 203
class, aud that suggests to me a way of making Jennie study. I
know what course of discipline the several families endorse, and
that shows me what mode of punishment will be most judicious
and effective with different pupils. I know, too, the likes and
dislikes of the district, and those of the children, and that saves
me from making mistakes in seating scholars, enables me to avoid
unpleasantness, aud make things run smooth.
These calls are also beneficial to myself; for, though I have
more book learning than any one else in the district, I find there
are a number of men who can teach me a great many things about
the practical affairs of life. I find that in some things I am
pretty green. Intercourse with people of various occupations
and conditions in life teaches me many valuable lessons and dis-
pels the crude notions which I brought from college.
Thus I am abundantly repaid for the time spent in the homes
of my pupils. I get more correct views of life, secure the good-
will of the district, and pick up many bits of information which
aid me in managing the school. — L. in Pedagogue.
OUR NE¥ STATE SUPERINTENDENT.
While the politicians of the country are busy discussing the
policy which will be adopted by the new President of the United
States, and by the new Governor of North Carolina, also the
changes likely to be made in our laws by our legislatures, National
and State, we, as educators, turn to the paramount subject of Pub-
lic Instruction. While they talk of the gallant Scales, who has
been chosen as our Chief Magistrate for the next four years, we
propose to talk of the no less gallant Finger, who has been
chosen for a like term as Superintendent of Public Instruction
for the State of North Carolina.
It is of the greatest importance to the teachers, pupils and
parents of North Carolina that the guardian of their educational
204 THE NORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHER.
interests should be one fully identified with her educational
advancement. He should have a practical knowledge of school-
room work and a successful experience as a teacher ; he nuist
know the wants of our people and have the ability to organize
plans for their relief. He should have the experience and pru-
dence of mature years combined with the vim and energy of robust
manhood.
We take great pleasure in saying that Major Sidney Michael
Finger has, to a wonderful and gratifying extent, all of these
qualifications.
He was born in Lincoln county. May 24th, 1837, being now
forty-seven years old. With no other training than that which
he received in the four-months yearly free school, we find him at
the age of seventeen entering the preparatory department of
Catawba College, in which institution he remained for four years.
During his vacation he taught school, and during his last two
years as a pupil at' Catawba College he taught two hours per day
in the preparatory department. In 1859 he eutered the junior
class of Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, from wdiicli he
graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1861. In 1867 his alma
mater conferred on him the degree of A. M. Our voung gradu-
ate, just home with college honors, soon burned with the same
fire that burned in the breasts of his friends and neighbors, and
enlisted in Company A, Eleventh North Carolina Troops, where
he served as private and quartermaster sergeant till 1863.
After the battle of Gettysburg he was promoted to captain
and ordered to Charlotte, where he served as quartermaster till
the close of the war, having received the commission of major in
1864. Catawba College having lost its endowment fund by reason
of the war, Major Finger, as associate principal, with Rev. J. C.
Clapp, organized the Catawba High School. For eight years he
followed his chosen calling, with all the enthusiasm that is begotton
of a faithful teacher's love for his work. In 1873 failing health
drove him from the class-room. The next two years he repre-
sented Catawba county in the House of liepresentati ves. In 1 8 7 6-
'77— '80 he represented Lincoln and Catawba counties in the
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 205
State Senate. While in the legiskiture he gave special attention
to the public school interests, and his constant legislative effort in
behalf of popular education was so conspicuous that the public
even then began to look to hi in as the one to serve them as State.
Superintendent. For the last four years he has been succt>ssfully
engaged in cotton manufacturing at Newton, and it is against the
advice of some of his best friends that he consents to abandon a
profitable business to serve his State. Since he left the Legislature
in 1880 he has served on the local board of managers for the
State Normal School, and the reputation that this school has
acquired is due in a great measure to his counsel and support.
He has also served as chairman of the Board of Directors of the
Western Insane Asylum.
Such is the man elected Superintendent of Public Instruction
in North Carolina. He has succeeded as a teacher, as a manager
of a school, as a legislator and as a cotton manufacturer, and in
whatever capacity he has been tried. It can therefore be confi-
dently expected that the servant who has served faithfully in the
past will serve faithfully in the future.
For the benefit of a large number of new subscribers to The
Teacher, we reprint in this issue the portrait of Major Finger,
which was engraved specially for our July number. It is well
for us all to be familiar not only with his official acts, but also
with his face.
Now, let every friend of popular education in North Carolina,
of whatever creed or party, rally as one man to the support of
our new Superintendent. Let us all aid him to the full extent of
our ability in the great work which has been assigned to him,
and do all in our power to remove the stigma of illiteracy which
is said to rest on the good name of our beloved State.
All teaching of pupils "how to study," which does not
demand of them their maximum efforts in practice, is a delusion
and a fatal deception to the learner.
206 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THE EXPOSITION IS SEEN BY 1 TEICHER.
BY D. L. ELLIS, NEW BERN GRADED SCHOOL
Id history the year 1884 will be a memorable date, because of
the grand Exposition which was recently held at our beautiful
"City of Oaks."
The writer, having had the good fortune to visit the Exposi-
tion twdce before its close, ventures to present a few thoughts upon
it, not that he thinks or feels himself to be competent to portray
adequately even the salient features of this magnificeut display of
our material resources, but rather that he may convey some idea
of the great Exposition to those teachers and friends of The
Teacher whose duties kept them from attending it; and also,
haply, he may cause those who attended to review with him the
main points of the Exposition, thus fixing in their minds an event
that should be remembered and cherished so long as life shall last.
To stand within the spacious halls of the Main Building, and
take in at a glance so many and varied displays, was almost bewil-
dering; but, after going through all the departments, examining
each particularly, one would feel inclined to doubt the veracity of
his informant, when told that all these are the products of one
State, and that State, the much despised and slandered State of
North Carolina.
Taken in its entirety, the Exposition was nothing more than a
candid exponent of the resources of our grand old State. We
solicited not the aid of our sister States to enable us to make a
grand display to tickle the fancy of curiosity-hunters ; but, desir-
ing to stand only upon our own merits, we drew froai ou;' own
resources, and brought native oiferings to the altar of progress,
that we might say with pride to our sisters : " Come and see for
yourselves yv\vdt we have been doing, and what we may and can
do in the future."
The fine State exhibit at the Boston Exposition, last year,
opened the eyes of the North to some of our desirable products;
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 207
but the Exposition siiuply astounded the wide-awake New Eng-
lander, who returned to his home, saying : " Behold, the half was
not told me, and North Carolina is the 'garden-spot of America.' "
North Carolina, while not a large State, has, as shown by this
display of her products, everything within her borders that we
need to make us a great and prosperous people.
A visitor to the Exposition would be struck at once by the
varied character of the displays in the several departments of the
State exhibit, and, also, of the individual displays by the several
counties, any one of which might pass for a respectable exposi-
tion of itself.
The State exhibit of minerals and woods was undoubtedly the
finest and most complete ever made in the South — the most dura-
ble and beautiful building and ornamental stones, the rarest and
most precious gems, the most useful and valuable ores, the finest
and most durable timbers — all are found in the bosoms of our
native hills, and on our mountain slopes and fertile plains.
No more need we go to Italy for marble, to Scotland for granite,
to Brazil and Mexico for mahogany, to India and Ceylon for rose-
wood and sandal-wood, to Australia for diamonds. Our splendid
forests of black walnut and groves of wild cherry, cedar and
maple, will supply us with ornamental woods that might well
grace the parlors and boudoirs of the nabobs of Europe and Asia,
or the magnates of America ; while the o;ems of our mines of
hiddenite, garnet and crystal will scintillate side by side with the
diamond of Brazil, the pearl of Ceylon, or the topaz of Ethiopia.
Nor do \ve need to have our granaries at Chicago, and our fac-
tories at Lowell. Our State has broad fields for the first, and
mills and looms sufficient for the second. Neither are we bound
to pay tribute any more to Spain for fine cigars and tobaccos.
The "Golden Belt" region produces the finest grades of tobacco
that grow upon the globe; and at Durham we have "Blackwell's
Bull," challenging the world to contest for the supremacy on the
arena of smoking tobaccos and cigarettes. Thus we might go
on, and on, but space forbids. Throughout the State and county
exhibits " progress " was written in characters so plain that no one
could fail to read and be edified thereby.
208 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
But what rejoiced the hearts of the teachers most were the evi-
dences of progress in education, as shown by the displa}\s of the
various colleges and schools of the State.
The register, kept by the editor of The Teacher at the Expo-
sition, showed the names of some two hundred and fifty teachers
and educators who had visited Raleigh, and placed their names
on the roll at the Exposition. These teachers are working, and
the immediate future will see a marked change in the educational
standing of our glorious old State, which has, up to the present,
borne the stigma of being last on the roll of illiteracy among her
sister States.
North Carolina, under the influence of this little band of earnest
workers, is slowly, but surely climbing to the top, and is destined,
we devoutly pray, to stand in the very front rank of honor.
We have now no cause for sending our sons to Harvard or Yale,
or our daughters to Vassar. We have our own University and
colleges, with faculties and curricula unsurpassed in this country,
to which our young men can go; our own seminaries and colleges
for our young ladies ; while, for our children at home ^re have a
score or more of first-class graded schools, some of which have
already achieved a national reputation, and all doing noble work.
Besides these, a multitude of good private schools and academies
throughout the State are tending in the same direction, i. e., of
removing the cloud of ignorance from our intellectual horizon.
In the light of these facts, fellow-teachers, let us take heart,
and go forward in our honored profession with renewed courage,
inspired by the teachings of the great Exposition, knowing full
well that
" A better day is coming,
The mornina; draweth nigb,"
when it will be an honor to be a teacher in North Carolina ; when
labor in the school-room shall receive the reward it merits, and
when we shall look \\\i\\ pride upon our State, redeemed from the
thick darkness of ignorance, and safe from the calumniating
tonffue of envv. Then will we break forth into that sjrand old
song, written by one of Carolina's truest sous, " The Old North
State Forever."
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 209
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION.
BY BEV. J. M. ATKINSON, D. D., RALEIGH, N. C.
'Tis education forms not the common, but the uncommon mind.
The common mind is the uneducated mind. Very few of those
who consider themselves educated have the inherent faculties of
their minds fully brought out. In many there are latent intellec-
tual powers, unsuspected by others, and unknown to themselves.
That is more than a beautiful fancy, therefore, which runs through
Gray's admired Elegy in a Country Churchyard:
" Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid
Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire.
Hands that the rod of empire might have swayed,
Or waked to ecstacy the living lyre."
Addison has an ingenious and very striking comparison, bear-
ing upon the invisible forces and faculties of the soul. He com-
pares the secret beauties of the soul in an uneducated person to the
statue' in the unhewn block of marble. There it remains impris-
oned and unseen, till the chisel of the sculptor emancipates and
reveals it.
Education, however, not merely discloses and developes the
beauty of the mind, but it is an essential instrument of usefulness
and power. This particular aspect of education, is perhaps best
illustrated in the common school system; in which the design is,
first, to lay the solid foundation of all future attainments and
elegant ornaments. In education, the same principles should
hold, as in domestic economy. A man of sense will first lay in
a sufficiency of articles strictly necessary to the use and comfort
of the family. He may then, if his means permit, and to the
extent that they permit, indulge his taste for the merely elegant
and ornamental. So in education. The young man should be so
thoroughly grounded in the elements of practical knowledge as to
qualify him to gain a respectable living by the industrious use of
his time and talents. He may then, very properly, seek to have
such an acquaintance with literature, science, and art, as shall
render him not only a strong, but a shining character, always bear-
ing in mind the maxim : " 'Tis only solid bodies polish well."
210 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
" LENGTHENING OF TIE LATITUDE." ■
BY KEV. W. H. PEGRAM, A. M., TRINITY COLLEGE, N. C.
lu the October number of The North Carolina Teacher
you request an explanation of the statement that "a degree of
latitude near the poles is a little longer than one near the equator."
The following explanation is given for the benefit of those who
have not studied the higher branches of mathematics.
1. A meridian circle (so called) is not a circle; it is an ellipse,
having the polar, or minor, axis shorter than the major, or equa-
torial, axis. Draw an ellipse, or find one in an illustrated dic-
tionary.
2. The curvature, or bend, in the equatorial regions is greater
than the curvature in the polar regions. Draw two circles, one
to fit the equatorial curvature, the other to fit the polar curvature;
the first will be sm'aller and the second larger than any circum-
ference of the earth.
3. An arc of one degree on a small circle is shorter than an
arc of one degree on a large circle ; that is, -^-q part of the cir-
cumference of a small circle is shorter than -^j part of the cir-
cumference of a large circle.
4. Principle: In measuring degrees on a curved line, each
degree must be -g^ part of the circle to which the curved line
corresponds.
5. Application : On a meridian in equatorial regions an arc of
one degree is -^^ part of a circle that is smaller than any cir-
cumference of the earth; and in polar regions an arc of one degree
is -g^ part of a circle that is larger than any circumference of
the earth.
6. Hence the conclusion : A degree of latitud^^ near the poles
is longer than one near the equator.
Teaching pupils to draw their own conclusions pi'operly
stands above almost any other consideration.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 211
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS. '
Geologists say that the mountains of North Carolina are the
oldest in the world.
The first blood of the Revolution was shed in North Carolina,
Robert Thompson, killed in the battle of Alamance, on May 16,
1771; and the first martyr to Southern patriotism was a North
Carolina soldier, Henry Wyatt, killed at the battle of Big Bethel,
June 10, 1861.
Ox the top of the Blue Ridge Mountains, near the Swannanoa
tunnel, a little mountain spring trickles from the embankment
into the ditch along the railroad. The water forms a miniature
pool seeming to hesitate as to down which side of the mountain
it will take its course. Thus its waters divide, and one stream
flows eastward into the Catawba River, ultimately emptying
itself through the Santee into the Atlantic Ocean; the other
branch of the spring takes a westward course, soon reaching the
French Broad River, then the Tennessee, and finally with the
great Mississippi empties its waters into the Gulf of Mexico.
More than 1,000 miles stretch between the outlets of these two
little streams into the great body of waters, though both of them
have the same fountain-head !
WHIT ¥E HESR FROM OUR SCHOOLS.
The schools of Rockingham county were never in a more
flourishing condition.
The Reidsyille Graded School will open in January.
A great many applicants for positions.
The Centennial Graded School at Raleigh has a larger
attendance in every grade than ever before.
Marion High School is prospering greatly under the man-
agement of Mr. W. G. Randall and Miss Annie Goodloe. Sixty-
nine pupils are now enrolled.
212 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The colored schools of Raleigh are unusually well patron-
ized this term. The sessions have but just begun, and yet the
attendance is very satisfactory.
Professor Henry E. Shepherd is writing some admirable
articles for the State Chronicle, upon the importance of more
thorough teaching of the English language in all our institutions
of learning.
The schools of Pasquotank county are all taught by a class
of youngj energetic teachers, who have attended the Normal
Schools. We hope to see them all at the Teachers' Assembly
next summer.
The Elizabeth City Academy has one hundred pupils in
attendance, and other students are arriving every week. The
new buildings are ornaments to the town, and the citizens are
justly proud of their fine school.
"Founders' Day" was celebrated by the Faculty and pupils
of Salem Female Academy on the 11th of November. A holi-
day and picnic were given and greatly enjoyed. It was the
eighty-third anniversary of this institution.
The next meeting of Lenoir County Teachers' Association
will be held at LaGrange Collegiate Institute on December 6th.
Mr. Geo. A. Grimsley, orator; Miss Mollie Walsh, essayist; and
Messrs. Goodwin and Rouse are leaders in the discussion.
The Baptist State Convention, at its recent session in
Raleigh, organized a plan for founding an orphanage for the indi-
gent children of Baptist parents. There are differences of opinion
throughout the denomination as to the expediency of the enter-
prise.
AmonCt the delegates to the Baptist State Convention were
the following prominent teachers : Revs. C. E. Taylor, George
W, Greene, W. A. Pool, S. H. Thompson, W. B. Harrell, C. W.
Scarborough, C. C. Newton, AV. F. Royall, R. D. Mallary, N.
B. Cobb and Profs. F. P. Hobgood, L. W. Bagley, C. L. Smith,
James A. Delke.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 213
The ADVANCED STUDENTS of the University are preparing to
organize an Historical Seminary for the specific purpose of study-
ing North Carolina history. The justly merited renown of our
University will be considerably enhanced by this new feature.
This example might be profitably followed by all our denomina-
tional colleges in the State.
The State Association of Colored Teachers held its
annual meeting in Raleigh on November 12th. The officers
chosen for the ensuing year are: B. B. Coins, President; S. G.
Atkins, Secretary ; Rev. Cajsar Johnson, Treasurer. The work
of the Association was good and practical, and all the essays read
by various members showed considerable thought and informa-
tion. The teachers, male and female, are using every available
means toward making themselves more proficient, and they are
to be congratulated on their success. A resolution was adopted
by the Association approving the passage of the "Blair Bill,"
and opinions were expressed favoring a " Compulsory Education"
act, when a fund shall have been provided for supporting schools
of sufficient duration.
THE MERIGE YOUNGSTER.
Of life he is tenacious ;
Of appetite voracious.
The brush and comb he slighteth ;
In dirt he much delighteth.
His pockets are distended
With rubbish he calls "splendid."
Of all his precious toys,
The ones that make most noise
Give him the greatest pleasure :
His fish-horn is his treasure.
He drives us well-nigh frantic
With every kind of antic.
Yet there's a charm about him ;
We could not do without him.
214 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY
PROCEEDINGS.
Haywood Wuite Sulphur Springs (Near Waynesyille),
Tuesday, June 24, 1884.
SEVENTH DAY MORNING SESSION.
A heavy rain began to fall just about the hour of meeting, and
therefore, the morning session was removed from the lawn and
held upon the western and southern verandas of the hotel. The
officel's' and speakers' positions being in the angle of the two
verandas, made the arrangement very convenient both for speak-
ing and hearing. ,
The session was opened with prayer by Prof. I. L. Wright.
The committee upon By-Laws made a report which was adopted
by sections^ and the set of By-Laws was afterwards adopted as a
whole.
An amendment to the Constitution was offered, fixing the
membership for females at $1, just half of the fee for males.
This amendment aroused a very spirited and pleasant" discussion,
in which the ladies expressed their opposition to this reduction in
their favor, in a very positive, but very modest manner. The
gentlemen, however, so gallantly argued in the affirmative, that
upon a vote the amendment was carried, though an exceedingly
handsome minority was counted, which the majority gracefully
recognized and fully appreciated.
The committee upon the proposition of Mrs. W. W. Stringfield,
made the following report, which was adopted :
Mr. Chairman :
HAYWOOD WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS,
Near Waynesville, N. C, Juue 24th, 1884.
The committee to which was referred the proposition of Mrs. W. W. Stringfield
and other citizens of Waynesville, beg leave to report that while fully appreciat-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 215
iuo' the kindness and geuerositj' of the offer made to the Assembly, and expressing
their heartiest thanks for the same, are of the opinion that it would be premature
to take action upon it at present, and request that the offer be held open one year
for further consideration. Respectfullj' submitted,
I. L. WRIGHT,
ALEX. McIVER,
H. L. SMITH,
R. S. ARROWOOD,
HUGH MORSON,
Committee.
In connection with this report the Secretary offered the follow-
ing resolntiou, Mhich was unanimously adopted :
Resolved^ That the next session of the Assembly be held at Haywood White
Sulphur Springs, provided satisfactory arrangements can be made as to board,
railroad fare, and other accommodations.
The first topic for consideration this morning, "Grading
Country Schools/' was announced, and Prof. Alexander Mclver
proceeded to the consideration of the question as follows :
The first and most important work of the teacher is to class his school, Where
there are two or three hundred pupils and six or eight teachers this is easily done.
The pupils are arranged in eight or ten different classes, so that the studies of
each class are preparatory to the studies of the next higher, and the pupils ascend
from one class to another, as up the steps (grades) of learning. This is the town
graded school. The advantages of it are obvious. If hy reason of industry,
natural ability, or age, any pupil is found to be in advance of his class, he may at
any time be pi'omoted to the next higher grade. If anj- pupil is found to be defi-
cient he may be turned back. Thus the pupils of each class may be taught
together and no one be held back, or advanced too rapidly, and their progress and
scholarship ma_v be kept about equal. Each teacher has a separate room and not
more than one or two classes. The superintendenl or principal imjDarts his skill
in teaching and discipline to all the teachers, and thus seciu"es uniformity in dis-
cipline and instruction through all grades of the school.
But the country school is different. There is but one teacher here with thirtj"
or forty pupils of as great diversity of ages and attainments as among the two
hundred pupils of the town graded school. The teacher may divide his school
into primary, intermediate, and grammar grades, but he will have two or three
classes in each grade ; and of necessity will have at least six classes in the school.
But the school term is generally of only three or four months and the attendance
irregular. I think the general opinion is that the ungraded school is a necessity
in the average countrj' school-house. The larger boys must continue.to cipher
but the arithmetic lessons, every one for himself, with occasional help from the
teacher and from the other boys, and the large girls must continue to hear some
of the primary lessons ; and the country schools must respect and imitate the
sood old custom where the teacher took in school at sunrise and closed at sunset.
216 THE XORTPI CAROLINA TEACHER.
There is, however, part of the teacher's work, and a very important part, in
which the whole school may be treated as one class. I beg leave to call attention
to the proper work of the teacher in this connection. It is nothing less than to
develop the pupil physically, morally and tnentally. I place these words in the
order of their importance — proper physical development and training are of the
very iirst importance. Good health is a duty, and I may say a necessity. The
teacher should acquaint himself with the laws of health and teach them to bis
pupils. He should tell them what food they should eat and what clothing they
should wear. He should teach the importance of keeping clean, of breathing
pure air, and of exercise in the sunshine. He should show how their seats should
be arranged with reference to light so that their eyesight should not be impaired.
He should see that the school-room is properly heated and ventilated, and that the
health of the pupils is his first and constant care.
It is interesting to note the variety of opinions which have been held at differ-
ent times and b^^ different nations as to the relative values of body and mind.
The ancient Roman taught that the body should be carefully trained along with
the mind. Mens sana in corjjore sano, a sound mind in a sound body, was the
highest aim of his philosophy. The national games of the ancient Greeks — their
racings, wrestlings, and boxings also tended to develop the physical man. But
after the introduction' of Christianity, which taught the immortality of the soul,
though the Greek philosphy also taught this, the mind began to be regarded as of
much greater value than the body. The body was considei-ed as a clog to the soul,
as a vile thing that mus^t be despised, that must perish, and leave the soul untram-
meled. It was of the earth, earthy, tending only to evil. But the mind, that
deathless principle in man which survives his frail perishing body, received every
honor and consideration which the philosopheis and teachers of the middle ages
could bestow upon it. Thus the body and mind were antagonized. But it is now
found that if the body suffers the mind suffers with it. The body is as much a
part of the man as the mind. The knowledge that the mind is dependent on the
body has tended to increase the attention given to health and physical develop-
ment. The prime minister of Great Britain, Mr. Gladstone, about a quarter of a
century ago, said: "There still remains in some quarters a vulgar notion that
there is a natural antagonism between corporeal and mental excellence. I trust
that corporeal education will never be forgotten ; that the pursuit of manly sports
will receive the countenance and encouragement, not onlj' of the boys who engage
in them, but of the masters, who are responsible for the welfare of those boys."
These are memorable words, and they have produced an effect on both sides of
the Atlantic. A revolution has taken place in regard to physical education.
Gymnastics are being introduced into our best institutions of learning. The Bing-
ham School, one of the leading institutions of learning in the South — one which
is always catching at the top of educational thought — has a system of gymnas-
tics which gives prominence to the idea of phj'sical training. Within the last few
years we have seen a challenge given and accepted between the students of one
of our oldest and best institutions of learning and those of an English university
for a contest, not in ancient or modern learning or science, but in the purely physi-
cal exercise of boat-rowing. The London Times, a few years ago, in speaking of
the introduction of gymnastics into the English schools, said: "It was a great
point in ancient philosophy, the value it attached to the body, and the proper
training of it, the preservation of health, strength, and all its proper powers.
Ancient philosophy did not despise the body, did not regard it as a mere husk and
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 217
outside of humau nature, or treat it as a despicable and absolutely vile thing ; it
regarded the bodj- as a true part of human nature, deserving of proper deference,
for the failure of which it was sure to retaliate upon the whole man."
This physical training should begin in the primary school. Whatever may be
the second duty of the teacher, his first duty is to develop the pupil physically
and giiard his health.
As the gentleman who succeeds me has the subject of moral training, I will pass
over this, and say something of the third and last important part of the teacher's
work, mental training. We develop the mind by teaching: (1). Things ; (2). Lan-
guage ; (3). Number. This threefold division of the work of teaching is found in
every institution of learning, from the University to the primary school. The
infant, by the natural exercise of its senses, first learns the things around it ; it
then learns the names of these things, language ; and then discovers their rela-
tions to each other, as one, or more than one. So at every step we teach things or
thought ; we appeal, from first to last, to the intelligence and understanding of
the pupil ; and when the thought is developed, we teach the expression of the
thought, or language. " Words," says Sir William Hamilton, " are the fortresses
of thought. They enable us to realize our dominion over what we have already
overrun in thought ; to make every intellectual conquest the basis of operations
for othei-s still beyond. You have all heard of the process of tunneling. In this
operation it is impossible to succeed unless every foot in our progress be secured
by an arch in masonry before we attempt the excavation of another. Now, lan-
guage is to the mind pjreciselj' what the arch is to the tunnel. The power of think-
ing and the power of excavation are not dependent on the word in the one case,
or the mason-work in the other ; hut without these subsidiaries neither process
could be carried on beyond its rudimentary commencement. Though, therefore,
we allow that everj- movement forward in language must be determined by an
antecedent movement forward in thought ; still, unless thought be accompanied
at each point of its evolution by a corresponding evolution in language, its further
development is arrested."
The order of teaching, then, is : first, the thing, the thought, the idea ; second,
the expression of the thought, or language. Every lesson, then, should be not
only an appeal to the senses and the understanding of the pupil, but it should also
be a language lesson.
I have not time, however, to pursue the matter further. In conclusion, let me
say to the teacher : It is your privilege to guard the health, to develop the bodies,
characters, and minds of your pupils — in other words, to build up a noble man-
hood and womanhood around you. With this end in view, let no narrow methods,
whether new or old — let no " pent-up Utica" hedge in your work. Tou educate,
not for the school, but for life, with all the duties and possibilities of American
life.
Prof. jNIorson said that oue of the greatest difficulties in the
way of grading country schools was the effort to teach too much.
Only the plaiu, practical branches should be taught and the very
best efforts must be given to this line of instruction. The elemen-
tary branches are enough.
218 THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Miss Woodward, of >South Carolina, asked if the entire course
of study is not tixed by the committee and the teacher compelled
to follow it.
Prof. Mclver answered that although such was the case in
some instances, yet the matter is left almost wholly to the option
of the teachers.
Prof. Branson said the great trouble in the way of grading the
country school was that both the school term and the fund w^ere
not long enough, but even these obstacles may be partly overcome
and the country school can be graded very easily. AVhen this
is done the teacher will do more work in five hours than he is
now able to do in seven.
Pev. R. A. Sentell, County Superintendent of Haywood, felt
that "this is a very important subject under discussion and is
well worthy the time and careful attention of so intelligent a
body of teachers." He has found many difficulties in the way
of grading the country schools ; pupils will use the old books, there
is a great lack of punctuality in attendance, parents will keep their
children from school upon any kind of pretext, roads are very
bad in winter and the school-houses are too well ventilated. "The
great hope of grading the schools successfully lies in uniformity
of text-books and compulsory education, and when the Legisla-
ture aives us these two great levers the work will be easilv done."
The question was some further discussed by various members
of the Assembly, mainly by questions upon certain points of
difficulty, while answers were made by others who had given the
matter a trial in their schools.. The practical conclusion reached
by the discussion was that : First, every country school ought to
be and can be graded, to a certain extent ; Second, the entire
school should be graded according to attainments of pupils, regard-
less of their ages; Third, if parents will not buy suitable and
uniform books for their children the classes must be taught by
topics, aud almost any variety of books upon the same subject
can thus be used in the classes; Fourth, a graded school, even
though not so well graded as may be desired, will accomplish
more for the school as a whole than when it is uno-raded.
THE NORTH CAROLlisTA TEACHER. 219
Dr, Thomas, of Detroit, said that "it is ahuost impossible to
do any thorough and systematic grading of the schools in North
Carolina until you succeed in getting an educational Legislature
which will give you the proper laws upon this subject. But
while waiting and working for this don't be idle, but do the best
you can at grading, and you will be more successful than if you
do nothing at all in this direction."
Rev. W. B. Harrell stated that he always tried to grade his
schools, regardless of age of pupils or variety of books which they
might possess. He made attainment the basis of classification,
and though this sometimes put a ten-year-old child in some
classes with a twenty-year-old man, which made the other scholars
laugh for awhile, yet the discrepency in size soon became unnoticed,
and the grading would work well and easily.
Prof. H. W. Reinhart was then announced by the president as
leading speaker on the next topic, "Moral Training in Schools."
This very important subject was handled in a vigorous manner
by the enthusiastic and earnest speaker, and his sincere and correct
views so emphatically expressed, gave no uncertain sound as to the
duty of every teacher in training the hearts as well as the minds of
pupils. The teacher is as much responsible for the manner in which
the character of the pupil is moulded as for the intellectual train-
ing. It is impossible to fix upon any inflexible set of rules by
which this heart or character-moulding is to be accomplished, but
all the psychological elements of morality are to be carefully
regarded and the training must conform to these points. Endeavor
to shape the conscience of the pupil in accordance with the higher
moral law and then make his conscience the basis of all moral
training. Merely lectures or lessons on morals will not accom-
plish the desired result, but the teacher must train largely by his
own personal example and habits.
Adjourned till 10 o'clock to-morrow.
EDITORIAL.
DO NOT BE DISCODRflGED.
Of all the professions none inclnde more responsibilities than
that of teaching. The work of building a mind is an exceed-
ingly slow and tedious one, requiring a constant care and watch-
fulness. The teacher is building, not alone for temporary use,
but often for eternity, and a carelessly laid foundation of the edu-
cational house for a boy or girl may not only impair the useful-
ness of a life, but possibly wreck a human soul. Every teacher
ought to fully realize this, and its knowledge should create greater
faithfulness in the daily school work; and it ought also to give
renewed strength'to the teacher's eflForts. Put your whole heart
into your labor, but do not become discouraged if the results
appear less favorable than you desire. Place your standard of
teaching high and endeavor to reach it, if possible, and let this
effort continue as long as you remain in the profession. You may
meet with frequent failures (and what teacher has not), but do
not let these things in any way relax your energies. If method
after method is tried, seemingly with' poor success, you are but
having the experience of other teachers, including even those who
have made a world-wide reputation for excellence. Press for-
ward, therefore, boldly and bravely planting the seeds of knowl-
edge in the young minds. Push all-obstacles aside, or try to sur-
mount them, and your labor will not be in vain.
Send us some news items from your school.
If your wrapper for The Teacher has cross marks upon it
your subscription is due, and we know of no better season than
this for sendino- the amounts in arrears.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 221
We HAVE some excellent commiinicatious upon the "Teachers'
Assembly" and. "Our Public School System," which were
crowded out of this issue. They \vill appear in the next number.
The annual membership fees in the North Carolina
Teachers' Assejibly are due on the first of January. The
Treasurer, Mr. R, S. Arrowood, of Concord, is now ready to
receive the fees and issue certificates of membership.
INIany letters have been received expressing preferences as
to the next meeting place of the Teachers' Assembly, and the
choice seems to be centering upon one of these two points : Nag's
Head or Black Mountain. Many enjoyable features are men-
tioned concerning each of these places, and also perfect satisfac-
tion as to either, if proper accommodations are provided for the
large number that will be in attendance upon next session.
We offer you the following very favorable club rates with
leading literary and educational journals in connection with The
Teacher, and by this combination you can save a considerable
amount on the price of each publication. To obtain this reduc-
tion the magazines must be ordered from the publishers of The
North Carolina Teacher.
Alone. With Teacher.
New York Scliool .Jmirnal $2 00 |2 50
Teachers' Institute :. 1 00 1 60
Treasure Trove 50 1 25
Harper's Monthly Magazine 4 00 4 25
Century Magazine 4 00 4 25
Deraorest's Magazine 2 00 2 50
North Carolina Educational Journal 50 1 25
Littells' Living Age 8 00 8 00
Special rates will be given in conuection with any publication
in the United States, as may be desired.
222 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
iBOm OUR TESCHERS.
Miss Tone Parker is teaching near Graham.
Mr. W. T. Whitsett is teaching near Gibsonviiie.
Miss Minnie Nance is again teaching at Stoneville.
Mr. Isaac Fort has jnst opened a school at Auburn.
Miss Emma Ingold is teaching at Monbo, Catawba county.
Miss Mary Harvey is teaching music in Bayboro Academy.
Mr. a. LaFayette Barringer is teaching near Troutman's.
Miss Ella J. Potter is teaching a primary school at Beaufort.
Miss Annie Smith, a "Chautauquaite,'' is teaching at Madison.
Prof. R. H. Smith, of Reidsville, is now in the " Mica" business.
Mr. J. E. Mebane is teaching at Bethlehem, Rockingham county.
Miss Griffin, at Washington, has more scholars than she has roon).
Prop. E. C. Branson, (»f Wilson, spent Thanksgiving day in Raleigh.
Mr. Julius S. Bradshaw has a thriving school at Welch, Graham county.
Miss Doza Young, of Youngsville, is teaching a public school at Trout-
man's.
Mr. David Vernon, a "Chautauquaite," lias charge of a good school near
Leaksville.
Miss Selma Snyder has resumed charge of her school at Powell's Point,
Chowan county.
Mr. W. R. Skinner and wife are doing well with their school at Bayboro,
Pamlico coTinty. 1
Miss Phcebe Rayland is winning golden opinions with her private school
near Reidsville.
Mr. N. S. Smith, County Superintendent for Rockingham, has a flourish-
ing school at Leaksville.
Mr. E. a. White, assistant teacher at Pi-ovidence Academy, Randolph
county, died November 2d.
Messrs. J. C. Bowman and J. M. Stafford are in charge of Bakersville
High School, in Mitchell county.
Miss Mary R. Goodloe has a fine school at Asheville and the enrollment
for this term is nearly doubled.
Prof. R. P. Pell, of the Raleigh Graded School has been ordained to the
Ministry of the Presbyterian Church.
Prof. C. U. Hill, at Washington, is doing good service, and reports a
gradually increasing number of pupils.
THE XORTH CAROLINA TPLVCHER. 223
Miss Dora Jones, daughter of Kev. Dr. T. M. Jones, is filling her
mother's place in Greensboro Female College.
Prof. Alex. McIver, of Carbonton, one of the Vice-Presidents of the
Teachers' Assembly, spent the 26th in Raleigh.
Mr. J. T. Crowder has just completed a term at the Southern Normal
School and will take a school near Raleigh in a few days.
Mr. R. T. Bonner is building up a very fine school at Aurora. His patrons
have just erected for his nse a two-story academy building.
Mr, CHAsr L. Hoffman has charge of an excellent and progressive school
at Paper Mills Academy, in Lincoln county. Fifty pupils enrolled.
Prop. John R. Harding, late of Kinston College, is preparing for the
Episcopal Ministry in the General Theological Seminary, New York.
Mr. P. M. Pearsall, Superintendent of Public Instruction for Jones county,
has been elected to represent that county in the next General Assembly.
Prof. James F. Brower has a very successful school at Denver, Lincoln
county. Eighty-nine pupils are now enrolled, representing four counties.
Rev. Dr. Brantley York, known throughout the State as an instructor
and author, is teaching grammar, logic, and mathematics at Monroe, Union
county.
Mr. W. a. Blair's school at High Point has 119 students. He is assisted
by Prof. Moore, of Indiana, Miss Edwards, Prof. Blanfuss,"of Germany, and
Mr. Raper
Hon. John C. Scarborough, State Superintendent of Public Instruction,
was elected President of the Baptist State Convention, at Raleigh, on the 12th
of November.
Mr. J. H. Mills, of Thomasville, has been unanimously ciiosen as S.iiper-
intendent of the Baptist Orphanage. There is no better man in the Union
for this position.
Rev. S. H. Thompson has sold his interest in the Southern Normal at
Lexington to Rev. L. E. Duncan, and will give his whole time to the ministry.
The institution is succeeding finely.
Dr. Luke Dorland reports that Scotia Seminary, at Concord, is so full
that no more students can be admitted. He thinks if his school building was
twice its capacity, it would soon be filled.
Mr. J. S. Lea, Professor of Modern Languages in Shaw University, Raleigh,
died November 6. He was a native of Caswell, a graduate of Shaw Univer-
sity, and one of the most promising colored men in the State.
Miss Mary J. Long, who has recently been on a visit to her home in Har-
nett county, has returned to her school in Alamance. The present term of her
school, is a very successful one, the attendance larger than ever before.
224 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Rev. Baxter Clegg, a graduate of Randnlph Macon College, and for many
years a teacher in Davie and Iredell counties, died at Lake Providence, Lou-
isiana, October 16tli. He waw the founder of the Olin High School, in Iredell
county.
Mr. and Mrs. E. W. Wilcox will open a male and female school at Snow
Hill, Greene connty, January 12, 1885. Prof. Wilcox is a teacher of ripe
experience, fine education and endowed with the happy faculty of imparting
knowledge to pupils.
Rev. Charles E. Taylor, for many years a professor at Wake Forest Col-
lege, has been elected President of that institution. He was educated at Rich-
mond College and the University of Virginia, is a scholarly, working Baptist,
and will fill the place well. We will give a more extended notice of Presi-
dent Tavlor in our next number.
BOOK NOTICES,
Philips' Historical Readers. Four numbers. Boston School Supply
Company.
Elements of Zoology. By C. F. Holder and J. B. Holder. New York :
D. Applelon & Co.
Elements of English Speech. By Isaac Bassett Choate. New York :
D. Appleton & Co.
Elocutionist's Annual, No. 12. Philadelphia: National School of Elo-
cution and Oratory.
Grammar and Anaia'sis Made Easy and Attractive by Diagrams.
By F. V. Irish, A. M. Lima, Ohio.
Katie, a Poem. By Henry Timrod. New York : E. J. Hale & Son.
Price, $1.50
This exquisite little love song, in its exceedingly beautiful dress and delicate
illustrations, forms one of the most appropriate and delightful gift books of
the season. The ardent devotion of the tender words combining with the very
pretty pen pictures of English scenery and situations, makes a pleasing har-
mony that will certainly be admired and appreciated by all lovers of the pure
and the beautiful.
Teachers' Manual for Synthetic Drawing. By Hermann Krnsi.
New York : D. Appleton & Co.
This series of drawing-books is well known to our teachers and is very popu-
lar. The entire system comprises one of the most systematic, practical and
complete courses of instruction in drawing ever arranged for schools. The
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 225
free Iki nil course is specially adapted for use in public schools, and has been
useil with most gratifying success. All children love drawing, most of them
have a talent for it, and teachers ought to cultivate it.
A Thousand Questions on American History. Syracuse : C. W. Bar-
deen. Price, $1.00.
This is a complete History of the United States, arranged in the form of
questions and answers, and will therefore be found very convenient for private
study and for conducting examinations. The answers to all questions are
generally clear and concise, and those concerning the civil war are reasonably
fair, though in some cases they are so meagre and condensed as to leave a
wrong impression. This is particularly noticeable in the answer to question
number 937, as to the "first act of the war."
Bingham's Latin Grammar. Revised edition. By Professor W. Gordon
McCabe. Philadelphia: E. H. Butler & Co.
Professor William Bingham's Latin Grammar has been before the educa-
tional f)ublic for more than twenty years. Its popularity has been increasing
each year, and frequent revisions have kept the book constantly up with
modern scholarship. It is now, perhaps, more largely used in this State than
all other books of its class combined, and, therefore, this latest revision, so care-
fully done by Professor McCabe, will give special pleasure to our teachers.
Several changes are noticed in this revision, and all are desirable. The
" Roman Pronunciation " has been adopted throughout the work, as is used
by the best classical scholars. The whole of the Etymology and Syntax have
been carefully rewritten and recast, though the main lines of the original work
are still preserved.
Labberton's Historical Atlas. New edition. New York : Townsend
MacConn. Price, $L50 net.
This is the seventh edition of this admirable work, and it will commend itself
to teachers and students, first, on account of cheapness (the former editions
were, price, $3.50) ; second, by reason of its fullness and accuracy. The book
contains one hundred and twelve maps, including an entire new series of
" American Historical Maps." The engraving and coloring are good and the
work may be used in connection with any series of text-books, thus increasing
its value
Many of our teachers may know Dr. Labberton, as his plantation, where his
family resides, is near the head of Cape Fear River. He is a gentleman of
most extensive culture, and we shall be glad to see his wonderful Historical
Maps, an indispensable aid in history teaching, jjn use in all our schools.
226
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
TEACHERS' BUREM.
[4®°"The Nokth Carolina Teachee will recommend all applicants mentioned in this
department, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
Teacher and they will be prompth'' forwarded. We desire to aid every teacher in secur-
ing a good situation, and no charge is made for the insertion of notices in this depart-
ment.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
39. A young man, graduate of University of Michigan, with two years'
experience in teaching, desires a school.
40. A situation to teacli in a scliool first of January, by a lady of experience.
Languages, drawing, calistiienics and kindergarten taught. Best of references
given.
41. A young lady who has had several years' experience in the school-room,
and has attended two of the State Normal Schools, desires a situation in a
private family, or would take charge of an academy.
42. A lady with considerable experience as a music teacher wants a class, or
a situation in a schopl.
HHiSiigsiSiiiiiaiiiiiaiazJiii^^
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
p\
m
m
m
m
m
pi
m
m
m
m
p)
m
m
m
-m
m
pi
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
i[TL|
m
m
m
m
m
m
f
W'l
n$inms: Mri
•ir\{|t
0m )fe3ar
,t
m
iii
ill
r-ii
m
I-lI
lli
m
l-ii
^^
m
^}
m
m
lii
LIi
l-ii
m
i
Frost ox THE I»AXE AND SNOW ON THE MooK,
Keen avinds aukoad on their missions,
TaI-ES ROENl) the fire OF FANiTFTT- EORF,
Fairies and wkkkd ma(H('iaxs;
(jREETINCtS AND CARDS, RHYMES FROM ol.D R.A RDS,
Wishes and kixd saeftatioxs;
TlIFS EVER TO yOF MAY THE SFASOX Al'DKAIi,
W^ITH (iLADXKSS AT ('lIlHSTMAS AXD llOi*!-: FOR N FA\ VfAR."
riil
i
i
m
mi
-t
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, Dp:cembeE; 1884. No. 6.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
"LET US ILL BE UP SND DOING."
BY MRS. MARY BAYARD CLARKE.
This world is not a shattered wreck
Where mau, sin-struck, is cast,
His life one struggle to escape
Eternal death at last.
There is no death but only change,
Man's life's eternal force
By God breathed in, which ever runs
Its still evolving course.
Each life is but a single voyage
Upon Time's boundless sea,
A single link in one grand chain
Extending through Eternity.
The seeds of truth sown broadcast through
iEons long past away,
Lay dormant in the womb of Time
To bring forth fruit to-day.
The unspoken prayer of all mankind
Is Ajax's prayer for light,
But only he who labors prays
The Christ-taught prayer aright.
228 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHEE,
Let not your forms be " empty forms
But each with meauing fraught,
To symboHze some spark of truth
By God through Nature taught.
Self-sacrifice is Nature's law,
Plants live that seed may fall,
Together all things work for good —
Not of the one — but all.
Then let us each ^'be up and doing"
Whatever lies at hand,
Not idly in the world's grand mart
Awaiting wages stand.
Let each revolving Christmas tide
A Christ mass truly be
And life one long self-sacrifice
For all humanity.
THE OLD-FASHIONED TEACHER,
BY GEO. J. HAGAR.
Of all persons, excepting my mother, who ever tried to teach
me anything, I loved this old-fashioned school-master best ; and
because I love him still, I often spend an evening with the vet-
eran, and talk over the trials and frolics of early days. It makes
him feel happy as a child at Christmas-time to be greeted by a
former pupil, especially one who has got on well in the world.
While we all played tricks on him, we never bore him real ill-
will, and the survivors of his "boys" now look up to him with
a respect that is nearly equal to veneration. There is no teacher
in our big town who can count so many true friends among his
pupils as he.
THE NORTH CAROmNA TEACHER. 229
I call him old-fashioned. I thought him odd when at times
he would put ov^er to the next day a very hard lesson, and talk
to us for an hour about a pending- war in Europe. He would
tell us the cause of the bloody struggle, describe the countries
that were engaged in it, give us an insight into the career and
character of the emperors or kings, and the big generals carrying
it on, show some probable results of the victory of either side
over the other, and indicate the reasons, commercial and other-
wise, that led all the other nations to watch the progress of the
conflict eagerly.
We thought all this was interesting, x^nyvvay, it w^as better
than plodding through a stiff lesson we did not understand. I
don't suppose any of us thought at the time that we were being
taught in this one hour, and in the place of a' single lesson set
down for that hour, distinct lessons in natural history, political
history, geography, biography, the science of war and military
engineering. When he finished his lecture, he said :
" Now, boys, when you go home, take up a newspaper and
read all you can about the ^yar. Ask your fathers what they
think about it, whether it will affect their business in any w^ay,
and if so, how? Then I'll sit still, and let all of you teach me."
One day, when he was about giving us a dose of vulgar frac-
tions, I told him the boys were awfully bad on that lesson, and
couldn't go through it, and asked him would he please give us a
talk instead.
What do you think he did ? Why, he called me out on the
floor, and asked me what I was doing Saturday last. Well, I
had to stop and think. By-and-by, I remembered I had been
watching my uncle make a staircase, and put the steps in place.
Then he said :
" If you will tell the boys just what your uncle did, and how
he did it, I'll excuse the lesson to-day."
I guess I stammered a good deal at first, for I didn't know
how to begin ; but the teacher started me off by asking of what
material my uncle made the staircase.
" Wood, of course !" I answered.
230 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
" Yes, I've no doubt of it. But what kind ?"
" I don't know."
" You should have asked your uncle. I think myself it was
pine. Kow, where does pine come from ?"
" From North Carolina, sir !" I shouted bravely.
" That's right. Where else ?"
" I — I — I don't think I know," very humbly.
'' Then you ask your uncle next time you see him and tell
us. Did he make the staircase with his hands ?"
" Oh, no, sir ! He had all sorts of things."
" Things ■? things ? Tools, my boy ! A carpenter uses tools,
not things. Now, Avhat kinds of tools did he use?"
" Well, he had some saws and some — "
"Hold on ! What kind of saws? How many kinds of saws
are there ?"
" I don't know, sir. But sometimes he used one to go straight
with, and then aujother to go crossways."
" Take your pencil and paper and write, ' Questions to ask
uncle.' Then put down, 'How many kinds of saws are there?
What are their names ? What is each kind used for ? How do
they differ in looks? Now, when you have found out come and
tell us. But what other tools did you see ?"
" Uncle has a lot of hatchets, big and little, sir."
" I guess you're mistaken there, are you not ?"
" No, sir ; I saw them. Lots of them."
" Well, let us settle it now. Get the dictionary and look for
these words : ' Hatchet, adze, axe, broad-axe, narrow-axe,' and
as you find them write the definition on the blackboard, and
then you can probably tell us just what you saw."
And so he and I went on for the full hour. When it was over
I began to think that either I knew ever so nmcli about building
a staircase or else I didn't know auything at all ; but teacher's
cheery " well, sir, you've done pretty well," made me feel decid-
edly important.
After this he made a little speech, in which he said he wanted
us to get in the wav of thinking for ourselves, and seeing for
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 231
ourselves, and that we could not always run to him to get the
meaning of things we did not understand.
Some boys who could repeat the alphabet or the multiplica-
tion table as fast as they could speak, would be completely upset
if stopped in the middle, and wouldn't be able to finish it with-
out goiny; back to the beginnino- and so on throuo-h. He said
these lessons could be learned so that a boy could begin anywhere
— in the middle or at the end — and go through without a mis-
take. He wanted us to be thorough, and to be thorough we
must think. If he could teach or put us in the way of thinking
and studying properly, so that we would not forget one day what
we learned the day before, he would consider himself a fortunate
man.
Dear old teacher, you were faithful to your text, and not alto-
gether without good results. — Golden Days.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THE SEI IGMN.
BY W. M. V.
You ask in the October number of the Teacher an expres-
sion of opinion, from teachers interested, in regard to the location
of the next Assembly. Wherever it may be, I hope to be there,
but I voice not merely a personal preference, but the conviction
that the greatest good to the greatest number will be secured
when I say, let that place be Nag's Hey,d. I have spent some
time at each of the places under consideration, except Black
Mountain, and without disparaging any, I would say a decided
word in favor of the land by the sea. In the first place, it sur-
passes all the others in accessibility : New Bern, Elizabeth City,
Washington, and Edeuton connect with it by steamer, and the
railroads running to these places make the journey from any part
232 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
of the State a comparatively frictionless affair. No more elegant
boat runs the waters of the Old North State than the Shenan-
doah, which plies between New Bern, Elizabeth City, and Nag's
Head, and no more obliging and competent officer walks a deck
than Captain Southgate, who commands her. I stress the point
of accessibility and easy travel, because there seems to have been
some doubt here. For the rest, the fare and general accommoda-
tions compare quite favorably with those of last summer. There
is a large hotel, with tiers of many v^erandahs, where sound and
sea breezes defy the sun of the hottest day; comfortable bed-
rooms, and a ball-room sufficiently large for Assembly and other
meetings ; the ordinary sunuiier resort menu is delightfully varied
by contributions from the waters — crabs, hard and soft, and fish
to make an inland epicure stare, and the list of other interests is
long enough to startle the lover of the hills who climbs a peak
or two, catches a half dozen minnows from a thread-like stream,
and in doing this '/boxes the c(mipass" of mountain diversion.
Here you may troll for the great blue-fish in the blue waters,
or cast your line into schools of delicious smaller fry and catch
your fifties in the hours, or ride for miles and miles down a
smooth white beach, where the horses' hoofs will scarcely dent
the hard surface, or battle with the bravest surf that beats the
Atlantic shore, or stand with glasses to watch the incoming
boats, or sail, yourself, to the low-lying lands of historic Roanoke
and Manteo, or climb to the top of the light-house and watch
the sails on the far off ocean or the mirages of water lying fair
on the yellow sands. If gayer thoughts are to be tempered, you
have but to stroll down the beach and before you floats the rest-
less buoy that marks the spot where the Huron, with all its
freight of life went down. Turning from the sad suggestions of
this place, a walk of half an hour will bring you to the wonder-
ful fresh ponds set among the gleaming, towering sand-hills,
their amber waters stretching downward unfathomably and teem-
ing with fish enough to satisfy the most ardent follower of the
gentle art. Here's sport for many an hour, and when you weary
of it there awaits you a pleasant ^valk or drive homeward along
THE XORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 233
the shady rciads of a pretty woodland that stands with its flowers
and vines a beautiful frill to the shining sands and waters — but
wdiy say more ? Let the teachers see for themselves, and next
summer, when the hour for decision comes, the cry of "Ten
Thousand" will burst from the lips of the Assembly: "The
sea ! the sea !"
SPSRE MOMENTS ¥ITH YOUR PUPILS.
Tell them how our State got its name ; for whom your county
was named, and for what distinguished.
Tell them why the mouths and the days of the week are so
named.
Tell them how the custom of shaking hands orio;inated.
Tell them why paper is so called and how books were made
befwe paper-making was invented.
Tell them how people protected themselves from the rigors of
climate before the art of making cloth was invented. Give some
account of the progress in cloth-making since steam and labor-
saving machinery have come into use. Describe the materials
used in making cloth and how obtained. How diiferent nations
dress and wdiy they so dress.
Tell them of the difficulties under which people labored before
iron tools and implements were made.
Tell them how the power of steam was discovered and how its
discovery has benefited mankind.
Show them a map of the world and contrast the conditions of
man in Christian and in heathen countries.
Draw a picture of a cow on the blackboard and have the
pupils tell you how many useful things one gets from that
domestic animal. Write down as they answer : Milk, butter,
cheese, beef, leather, hair, bone, glue, &c., and then have each
one write what he know^s about the cow.
Explain to them why the ox, dog, fox, &c., open their mouths
and pant when heated and why the horse does not do so.
234 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Explain the difference between "persjjiration" and "respiration."
Tell them we "travel by steam," "talk by lightning," and
"paint by the sunbeam," and let them explain what you mean.
Tell them why it is easier to carry a heavy burden by means
of wheels than by dragging it on the earth.
Tell them where the wasp and hornet obtain the materials
for constructing their nests. It is said that these insects were
the " first paper-makers," but they have never improved in
their " manufactures," while man goes on continually improv-
ing on all his manufactures. One is guided by insfincf, the other
by reason. Explain the difference.
THEROCKOFGIBRSLTSR,
On the coast of Spain is a great rock which has been n?>med
the Rock of Gibraltar. It belongs to Great Britain, and is well
fortified, having a fortress and barracks upon its summit.
The highest point of the rock is 1 ,400 feet above the sea-level,
and here, upon its very top is planted the fort, while upon the.
west side are strong batteries with more than one thousand guns
in position.
The rock is three miles long and seven miles in circumference,
and is of gray limestone, with many steep and dangerous places
on its old, weather-worn sides, and many remarkable and beauti-
ful natural caverns piercing into its heart.
The largest of these caves is called St. INIichael's, situated one
thousand feet above the sea. It is a great hall in the huge gray
rock, all hung with glittering stalactites that are formed into such
quaint and curious shapes by nature, that they have the appear-
ance of being beautifully and skillfully carved.
All alono; the front of the solid rock are galleries tunneled in
tiers. These galleries are from two to three miles long, and are
pierced with port-holes for guns, at the distance of twelve yards,
throuo'hout the entire length.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 235
Tins huge rock is connected with the main-land of Spain by a
low sandy isthnuis, and upon the west side lie the town and bay,
and strait, called Gibraltar, from the rock. The town is built on
a shelving ledge upon the west side of the rock, and is peopled
by English, Jews, Moors and Spaniards. It is a very busy place,
and having such a variety of nationalities among its population,
it is amply supplied w^'th amusements and excitements of all
kinds.
The climate is temperate and delightful and unusually healthy,
with the exception of the peculiar Gibraltar fever that visits the
place every twelve years, in the form of an epidemic. All the
water used in the place is collected from the roofs of the houses.
The Rock of Gibraltar is one of the most curious places that
can be imagined, and is full of the most interesting things. One
strange thing we read of in connection with it is the band of
monkeys that live here. They are the only monkeys found in
Europe, and are entirely diiferent from the monkeys found in any
other part of the world. They are beautiful creatures without
tails, and are of a lovely fawn color. Swarms of rabbits also
live here and in some places, it is said, they have completely
honey-combed the solid rock with their burrows.
Gibraltar is as interesting and remarkable, historically, as it is
physically, and many great questions have been decided by the
possession of the Rock. — Selected.
"LET US WRITE IT RIGHT."
In the newspapers of the State we find four different methods
of spelling the name of one of our favorite cities. Thus, we
have "New Bern," "Xewbern," "New Berne," "Newberne."
As this place was one of the earliest settled in our State and is
now one of the best known to our people, there certainly ought
to be a fixed manner of spelling its name. The Teacher and
Moore's History of North Carolina have followed but one spell-
2
236 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
ing — thus: New Bern. The city was founded in 1709 by
Baron De Graifenreid, a Swiss nobleman, and named by him in
honor of his former home, Bern, the Capital of Switzerland.
This proves that the second part of the name ought to begin with
a capital letter, the same as New York, New Jersey, New Orleans,
New Bedford, and hundreds of others, which are simply new
names of older places.
When Ifoore's School History of North Carolina was under-
going revision by the State Board of Education, the editor of The
Teacher was assisting in the work, and in order to obtain the
correct orthography of this city, he, with the Secretary of State,
Col. W. L. Saunders, spent several hours in searching the old
State records pertaining to the matter in question. In all of De
Graffenreid's letters, and also in nearly all other official documents
the name was spelled "New Bern." In some instances the "B"
was a small letter, making one word of the name, but in most
cases of its use it was spelled as above, and in no instance was
there a final "e" added to the "■ Bern." The custom of condens-
ing the name into one word without the capital "B" is contrary
to all precedent in names of the class ; the final "e" is a modern
innovation and without authority for its use, and should not be
tolerated. Let us, therefore, spell the name of our " City of Elms"
in the way fixed by its distinguished founder, who, it is presumed,
knew how to spell the name of the city of his birth.
By means of thin paper the exact form of any or all of the
States can be cut from a large wall map. These can be laid upon
card or pasteboard and cut so as to have accurate and durable
outlines of all the States and Territories, which can be of use in
a score of ways to an ingenious teacher. Bett2r than cardboard,
and attended with little expense, would be to have some indus-
trious boy saw them out of thin boards with his "jig-saw" from
the models cut by the teacher. — Anoiii/mous.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 237
SOME POINTS FOR YOUNG TESCHERS.
Be brief; lest you become loose and prolix, and so consume
unnecessary time. Be concise; omitting all unnecessary phrases,
such as "Well," " Nosv then," "Let me see if you can answer
this," "Now you may tell rae," etc.
3. Be clear ; that is, state your question so that your thought
is properly discernible, but let the significance depend quite as
much upon the relation to other questions as upon the language
used.
4. Be not too clear and practically answer your own question.
5. Never ask a question which can be answered by yes or no.
6. As a general thing, your question should require more than
one sentence as an answer. Pupils gain no power by answering
in monosyllables.
7. Be prompt in the utterance of your questions. Drawling,
hesitating, slow enunciation breeds the same faults in your pupils,
8. Be rapid in questioning. Let no unnecessary time inter-
vene between the answering of one question and the asking of the
next.
9. Never repeat the answ^ers. This is the commonest fault of
teachers, and the most easily acquired. It is a M'aste of time, and
indicates a lack of nerve.
10. Call on different individuals oftentimes for the same
answer, not committing yourself as to the accuracy of any of the
answers until several have answered.
IL Give a hard question, which has been answered by one
pupil, to some duller pupil in the class, that you may assure
yourself, and he himself, that the point is understood. This is
called individual review repetition, and is the secret to genuine
thoroughness.
12. Never repeat the question. If a pupil doesn't hear he
ought to. Punish him by giving the privilege of answering to
some one who did hear.
13. Repeating the questions and answers in a routine manner
are the two besetting sins of teachers. Let the pupils do the
repeating. — National Normals.
238 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
A SHORT TSLK SBOUT BOOKS.
BY KEV. J. M. ATKINSON, D. D., RAl.EIGH, N. C.
A l)0()k has a character as distinct and determinate as that of
a man. Milton long ago discerned this fact and brought it forth
with all the force of his masterly genius. " I deny not," he says,
" but that it is of the greatest t;oncernment in the church and com-
monwealth, to have a vigilant eye how books demean themselves
as well as men ; and thereafter to confine, imprison, and do sharp-
est justice on them as malefactors; for books are not absolutely
dead things, but do contain a progeny of life in them to be as
active as that soul was whose prt)geny they are ; nay, they do
preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that liv-
ing intellect that l;)red them."
Books are not only generally good or bad, they are specifically
amiable, or ill-tempered, cold or cordial. They are even confi-
dential, and even affectionate. With what delightful freedom,
what child-like frankness, will old Burton, or Montaigne, take
you into his confidence; tell you all about himself; his tastes, his
habits, his likes, and dislikes, his faults and foibles, his mistakes
and mishaps ! In this particular, no one among the modern can
quite come up to Charles Lamb. The feeling which every reader
has for him is one of personal affection; of tender commisera-
tion; of brotherly-kindness and charity — sometimes sorely needed.
The more genuine books are, the more likely they are to live ;
the more they are written out of the man, and out of the heart.
Richard Baxter wrote one hundred and sixty volumes, all of them
acute, animated, pious, some of them learned and powerful ; but
none of them can be said to have lived M-ith the life of immor-
tality ; none of them have kept Avhat Horace calls their shining
youth ; the glory and the freshness of the dawn, when the dew
glitters on the tender grass and the song of the bird makes music
in the morning air, but the "Reformed Pastor" and the "Saints'
Everlasting Rest." These we know were written out of his heart.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 239
for they pulse throughout with heart-beats, and the voice that
cries in them never fails to wake an echo in other hearts.
Books let us into the true character of their writers, as no
other witnesses can or do. They are an inevitable, it may be an
unconscious revelation, of the man. Even when most affected
and most insincere the writer is most transparent and best under-
stood. His hands may be the hands of Esau but the voice is the
voice of Jacob. We are now positively better acquainted with
Dean Swift, with Dr. Sam Johnson, with Joseph Addison and
Alexander Pope; we know them better, what manner of men
they were, how they felt, and what they thought, than we do the
men we meet with every day on the street. We have a more per-
fect mental photograph of them ; we feel nearer to them, we are
under more obligation to them for personal favors, for rendering
our common daily lives wiser, sweeter, brighter, aud better.
Books have a climate of their own, if the expression may be
pardoned. They define the boundaries of the countries they
belong to far better than an ordinary topographical chart. They
tell us the character of their native fruits, they smack of the soil
far more than a formal catalogue of the seasons and of the
growths. Not only do the books of the several nations indicate
the national character, so that a man must be cousin german to a
fool not to know when he is reading a book to what country it
belongs, England, France, Holland, Italy, or Spain. And the
more genuine the writer, the stronger the flavor, not only of the
soil but of the season ; not only of the country but of the period.
The Italian poets revel in the riches of their fair land. The sun-
shine of Italy is on their pages. While the gloom of Scandinavia
envelops the genius of the writer, however brilliant, as the snow
wraps their mountains, though it may be with a cold sublimity,
an icy splendor.
Some books are suited to some seasons. It is delightful in a
cold day to have the imagination warmed and regaled with trop-
ical luxuriance and brightness; while to read Dr. Kane's "Arctic
Expedition" in the dead of winter, and have the mind filled with
ice-floes and ice-mountains, might give a delicate person, if not a
real chill, a sensation painfully suggestive of it.
240 - THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
CHRISTMAS EYE,
BY MAY EILEY SMITH.
God bless the little stocking-s
All over the land to-night,
Hung in the choicest corners,
In the glow of crimson light !
The tiny, scarlet stocking,
With a hole in the heel and toe.
Worn by wonderful journeys
The darlings have to go.
And Heaven pity the children.
Wherever their home may be,
Who wake at the first gray dawning
An empty stocking to see.
Left, in the faith of childhood,
Hano-ing: against the wall,
Just where the dazzling glory
Of Santa's light will fall !
Alas ! for the lonely mother.
Whose cradle is empty still.
With never a shoe nor stocking
With dainty toys to fill !
Who sits in the swarthy twilight
There, sobbing against the pane.
And thinks of the little baby
Whose grave lies out in the rain !
Oh, the empty shoes and stockings
Forever laid aside !
Oh, the tangled, broken shoe-strings.
Never more to be tied !
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 241
Oh, the little grave at the mercy
Of the cold December rain !
Oh, the feet iu snow-white sandals,
That never can tri^) again !
But happier they who slumber,
With marble at foot and head,
Than the child who has no shelter,
No raiment, nor food, nor bed !
Then Heaven help the living !
Children of want and pain,
Knowing no fold nor pasture,
(^ut, to-night, in the rain !
H0¥ NOT TO TEACH.
BY WII.LIAM M. GIFFIX, NEWARK, N. J.
DISCIPLINE.
A teacher should not use a commanding tone of voice when ask-
ing a. favor, or when giving a direction.
No one enjoys being commanded. We would all rather be
asked or told to do a thing, than commanded to do it. Then,
again, the children will think the teacher is saucy, and, therefore,
will become sulky and troublesome. "Please" will never harm
a teacher.
A teacher shouJd not, for a moment, hesitate to ask the pardon
of a pupil or class that she knoivs she has accused wrongfully.
Morally speaking, it is her duty. The pupil and class will
honor and respect her for doing it, and when their turn comes,
they will not hesitate to follow her good example.
^4 teacher should not look aluxiys cd the faults, and never at the
good in her pupils.
242 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
" Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even
so to them." We do not desire Deity to see only our faults and
punish US for them. He has said each will be rewarded or pun-
ished according to his works.
A teacher shoidd not allow a pupil to sit in the class with untidy
head, or dirty hands and. face.
It will have a demoralizing effect on the class.
A teacher should not find fault with a. p)upil for doing what
she is guilty of herself.
The child will see the injustice of such fault-iinding, and will
despise, and not respect, the teacher.
A teacher should not he satisfied with the careless or noisy per-
formance of a directio7i, and should not neglect to repeat her
request until it is performed rightly.
She is not only teaching for the present, but for the future
also ; and habits formed when young are not easily broken when
one is old. Ther^ is is no better way to show the class that the
teacher is not satisfied, than to have them repeat the direction
until they do it rightly. The teacher should be careful not to
show any temper. Simply, in a calm though positive manner,
repeat until satisfied.
A teacher should not take the time of the class to do her own
toork.
A teacher has no more right to take the time of the pupils
than she has to take their money. She cannot write letters, make
out reports, etc., and teach at the same time. Moreover, her
duty during school hours is to teach.
A teacher should not allow tattling or talc-bearing.
Because they relate to petty offenses, and are usually, if not
always, given from mean, selfish motives, in which the children
should not be encouraged.
A teacher should not compel a pupil to stand, sit, kneel, or take
any long continued attitude of restraint as a mode of punishment.
Such treatment is not only wrong, but also very injuiious.
The pupil will never have any respect for the teacher who takes
this mode of punishing him.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 243
A teacher should not be changeahle in her discipline.
A teacher must be every (lay alike. Steady, uuiform, even,
regular discipline, must be had. ''Never a tyrant — always a
governor."
A teacher should not explain points in a. lesson to a class while
part of them are icorking.
A class cannot As^ork and listen. -If she has anything to say,
she should ask them to give their attention, and she should not
explain anything until they give it. When they are told to
work, let them work.
A teacher should not try to startle a class into being orderly or
attentive.
A class will learn to wait for the "thunder clap" before giving
attention. A low, but steady, firm tone of voice will do the
work much better. The desk was not made to pound on, nor
the floor to stamp upon ; and if used so, are of no use in obtain-
ing order.
A teacher should not command or order a thing done, when
a suggestion will do as well.
A class will think more of directions when they are "few and
far between." "Boys, I would not do that," is much better
than, "Boys, turn this way and mind your own business, or I
will give every one of you a mark."
A teacher should not consider '^ anything ^^ good enough to loear
to school.
A class will have more respect for the teacher that is careful
about her dress, than they will for one who is careless. A class
that respects a teacher is 'not hard to discipline.
HEALTH.
A teacher should not allow the pupils to wear their icrappers,
overcoats, or rubbers in school.
It will be very injurious to the health of the children. They
are not old enough to have good judgment, and if they err, it is
the teacher's fault, as she ought to know better.
3
244 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
. A teacher should not cause a pupil to sit with the sun jjouring
in upon his head, or with a cold draft blowing in upon his body.
The first may be the cause of blindness ; and no constitution
is strong enough to stand such treatment as the second mentioned,
for any length of time.
A teacher shoidd not neglect the proper ventilation nf her room.
If she does, she and the children are being slowly, but surely,
poisoned to death.
MULTUM IN PARVO.
A teacher should not teach a day after she has concluded that
she is not, to a great extent, responsible for the physical, mental,
and moral growth of the pupils under her charge.
Because the position is too grand, too noble, too
responsible for any sucpi person to possess.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
LET US GO TO THE MOUNTSINS.
BY A CHAUTAUQUAN.
I am glad that the Committee on Arrangements has invited
the views of the teachers upon the selection of the place for hold-
ing: the next session of the Assemblv. The article bv j\Iiss
Goodloe is an exceedingly interesting one and her praise of the
sea-side pleasures is much enjoyed, and while all these things are
strictly true, I think there are some very strong reasons why the
next session should be held in the mountains.
The meeting last summer, though largely attended, can scarcely
be considered a regular session, but simply the organization of
the Assembly. We did not know who would be present, nor
what subjects would be discussed, nor whether or not there would
really be a meeting at all, hence a large number of our teachers
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 245
concluded not to go to Wayne.sville on an uncertainty, therefore
they remained at home or made other arrangements for the
summer.
The Assembly is now fully organized and equipped for a
pleasant and great work, and all of our leading teachers through-
out the State want to attend the next session and they are all
anxious to go to the mountains. The sea-shore has always been
accessible to us, but the marvelous beauties of our magnificent
mountain country have but recently been opened up to our view
by the railroads, hence the '' Land of the Sky " possesses a
greater fascination for us than any other portion of our State.
Besides, our sessions ought to be as instructive as possible, and
we feel that we will have much more interesting and valuable
information to giv^e to our pupils after a trip to the mountains
than if we had spent the time at the sea-side, where, even with
the sport of fishing and bathing, the sojourn would be somewhat
monotonous.
But few of our teachers would engage in the rather dangerous
amusements of fishing, bathing and sailing in the hot sunshine,
whereas all could easily find enjoyments for the leisure hours in
the cool and shady groves among the mountains.
In going to Nag's Head there would be at least three changes
of cars and boat by all those going from the west and central
portions of the State, and this would be very troublesome and
annoying to all our lady friends particularly. For instance, sup-
pose it is agreed to go by Goldsboro, the shortest way, a person
from Statesville would change cars at Salisbury, again at Golds-
boro,, and then at l^ew Bern he would leave the cars and walk,
or ride in a hack, across the town to get to the boat. To go by
Weldon and Portsmouth would add two other changes, and these
frequent changes would considerably increase the expense of the
trip.
So if the committee will decide to go back to the mountains, at
least for the next session, and see that ample accommodations are
provided for all in attendance, I am sure that every one will be
greatly pleased.
246 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
WHIT ¥E HEIR FROM OUR SCHOOLS.
The Durham Graded School reports an enrollment of 399.
The Edenton Graded School has an enrollment of 105.
The Kinston Colored Graded School has 275 pupils and
six teachers.
Peace Institute, Raleigh, will commence its spring term
January 16th.
The Falcon favors the establishment of a graded school at
Elizabeth City.
Farmville Academy, Pitt county, under Rev. I. L. Chest-
nut, is improving.
The value of public school property in Wake county is
reported at $32,000.
Wake Fores't Academy, Prof L. W. Bagley, will begin its
spring term Janujiry 19, 1885.
St. Mary's School, Raleigh, will begin the Advent term of
its forty-fifth session January 26th.
We tender our condolence to Rev. D. Atkins, President of
Weaversville College, Buncombe county, on the death of his little
daughter.
Mr. E. C. Branson, of Wilson, writes the Southern Xor-
malist that he can put forty good Normalists into good positions
next year.
Capt. S. a. Ashe, the talented editor of the Xeu-i< and
Observer, will deliver the address at the closing exercises of Oak-
dale Academy, December 18th.
The Democrat claims that more students go to the different
colleo'cs of the State from Scotland Xeck than from auv other
town of its size in North Carolina.
Treasurer J. B. Neathery, of Wake county, paid for
public schools this year $24,027.02 — the largest sum ever paid
for public schools in any county in North Carolina.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 247
The Teachers' Association of Duplin county held a very
interesting meeting on the 13th inst. The County Superintend-
ent, Mr. B. F. Grady, Jr., is a faithful and efficient worker.
Eev. J. C. Clapp, President of Catawba High and Normal
School, gives notice that the forty-first session of that institution
will open January 5, 1885. He enrolled 150 pupils last session.
Rev. James Sprunt, D. D., a Presbyterian minister, and for
many years a successful teacher, died at Kenausville a few days
ago, aged Q6. He was a botanist, a classical and belle.s-lettres
scholar and linguist, a devout Christian and eminent minister.
Prof. A. I. Butner, County Superintendent for Forsyth,
reports 2,416 white and G'32 colored pupils enrolled during the
year in the public schools of that county. There are fifty-six
houses for whites, valued at |6,660, and seventeen for the colored,
valued at |2,020.
Rev. p. R. Law, the efficient County Superintendent of Public
Instruction for Chatham, reports seventy-one public schools for
the whites and fifty-one for the colored. There were enrolled
in the white schools 3,049 and in the colored 2,850. In all
respects his report shows j)erceptible progress.
New Bern modestly steps to the front with an elm switch in
her hand, and points with pride to her new $9,000 academy
building just completed. Looking back down the corridors of
time at the long line of illustrious names borne on the rolls of
her old academy — the first established in the State — we raise
our hat and shout " Well done, noble old Athens."
The Kernersyille News says : North Carolina needs an
agricultural and mechanical college, chartered by the State and
under the control and management of the State, where practical
education could be gotten cheap. Such a school would be second
only to the University in usefulness. The demand in the South
is for practical education, procured at as little expense as possible.
Oak Ridge Institute is one of the most progressive and suc-
cessful schools in the State. The handsome new catalogue shows
an enrollment of 214 students during the year. The enterpris-
248 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
iug principals, Professors J. A. and M. H. Holt, have just com-
pleted one of the finest private school buildings in North Caro-
lina. The new term begins January 5th, 1885, under specially
favorable auspices.
We see in the New England Journal of Education that Dr.
Curry, the general agent of the Peabody Educational Fund, in his
last report to the trustees, gives the Charlotte graded schools,
whose success has been so marked, a prominent notice. He speaks
of the excellent corps of teachers and the unusually large attend-
ance both at the white and colored schools, and truthfully con-
cludes "that the strong; hold which the schools have on the confi-
dence of the people is largely due to the efficiency of their able
Superintendent, Prof. T. J. Mitchell."
A WRITER IN the Winston Sentinel tells why the Sauratown
Mountains in the north-western part of our State were so named.
He says an Indian tribe known as the Sauras once had a village
near these mountains and hence they were called by the whites
"Saura-town Mountains." The chief of the Sauras was Dan-a-
pa-ha, and from his name we get the name of the Dan River.
Curious flints, pottery, beads and little naounds are all that is left
to show that the red man of the forest once roamed 'these fair
fields, " monarch of all he surveyed."
R LITTLE BOY'S FIRST RECITATION.
I think it's not an easy task
To speak a piece in school,
But still I do not like to ask
To be excused the rule;
For little boys must some day take
The places of the men,
And if they would good speakers make,
Must try and try again.
This be our motto ; and now here
I'll close my little rhyme.
Hoping, should I again appear,
To better do next time. — Uood Tinier.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
249
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.
PROCEEDINGS.
Haywood White Sulphur Springs (Near Waynesville),
Wednesda}', June 25, 1884.
EIGHTH DAY MORNING SESSION.
The session, in consequence of the continued rain, was held
upon the verandah of the hotel.
Rev\ E.. A. Sentell, of Waynesville, opened the meeting with
appropriate prayer.
On motion of Prof. I. L. Wright, a committee consisting of
three ladies and three gentlemen was appointed "for the pur-
pose of reconsidering the (][uestion as to name of the organization,
to select a more satisfactory name, if possible, and report to-mor-
row morning."
This committee was announced by the Pre^sident as follows : —
I. L. Wright, Thomasville; E. C. Branson, Wilson; J. W. Gil-
liam, Morton's Store; Miss Sal lie A. Grimsley, Snow Hill; Miss
Mary R. Goodloe, Asheville ; Miss Eliza Pool, Oxford.
By special request. Miss Mary R. Goodloe then delivered to
the Assembly an excellent essay upon " The Teacher and Meth-
ods." This essay was delivered in a most pleasant manner,- every
word carefully and distinctly uttered, with accent and pronuncia-
tion perfect, and the entire assembly followed her words with the
utmost attention.
"The first, duty of a teacher," she said, "being care of her physical strength,
neglect it, and there follows the train of headaches, neuralgias, and nervous
affections of all sorts, that unfailingly raise the sufferer's voice, sharpen her
tones and sorely try, not only her own temper, but that of all her pupils ; and a
badly mauaged school is the result. Care and advancement of the mental pow-
ers are clearly the duties of all mankind, but above all, do these duties pertain
to us. To read good literature, and to interest our pupils in it, should be a chief
aim in our labors. To fielp children love books; when this is being effected, a good
250 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
and gTeat woi'k is being wrought iu our school-rooms, and an excellent aid has
been given to the all-important training iu seli-control which brings us to the
third point in our culture of self — for the teacher who cannot exert control over
himself or herself is in a deplorable condition. We heard jesterday that all
trainers of the young should be Christians. That is well, but let us strive to be
more than that : let us be intelligent Christians. Let us make ourselves so great,
and our work therefore so good, that the educational bodj' shall become a power
for good in the land. Methods are good, many of them, but the teacher mcst
BE GREATEK THAN THE METHOD. There was uo royal road to learning, nor is
there to-day. Conscientiously, faithfully must we delve and toil up the steep
ascent, leading our pupils along with us, and helping them to love the wonderful
heights of knowledge above, thus helping them, though unconsciously, to hate
the mire of ignorance and sin below. Let us then strive to make ourselves so
great and our work so good' that the lament of Herder, the German philosopher
of a hundred years ago, may no more be heard. That, on the contrary, its
importance to individual and material welfare will surely be fully recognized,
and the world itself be made to feel that there can be no nobler motive for con-
scientious research and wise reflection than the hope of making a serviceable
contribution to the science of all sciences, education."
The first regular topic for the iiiorniug's consideration was then
placed upon the blackboard as ''The New Education; what is
it?" and the appointed speaker, Professor H. H. Williams, of
LaGrange, addressed the Assembly. He said :
"This is an interesting topic to all teachers, as these 'new education' methods
are finding their way into the schools all over our land and oftentimes we are
practicing these advanced ideas without being aware of it. These new methods
were formulated by the most eminent teachers, after the most extensive experi-
ence in the school-room, and if pupils were seen to make more rapid progress in
being taught the new way, it was well for every ambitious teacher to carefully
consider and examine these methods and see if any were suited to his or her par-
ticular school."
Prof. H. L. Smith followed in a few admirable illustrations of
some of the New Education methods which he is daily using iu
his school. He does not endorse the spelling-book, nor use it
in the old way at all, but depends more upon the word method
— teaching by objects and things as wholes. His method of
teaching grammar was also explained and illustrated in a forcible
manner. " Correct expressions may be taught by putting upon
the blackboard every ungrammatieal speech that is heard in the
school-room durino- the day, then by its side write the correct sen-
tence and explain the incorrectness."
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 251
Prof. Reinluu't did not like too much " New Educatiou," and he
heartily approved the spelling-book as an exceedingly valuable
aid in teaching spelling.
Prof. Mclver said all the best teaching must proceed from the
known to the unknown in gradual stages. He used the board
very forcibly in making clear his ideas of true teaching, and dur-
ing his remarks he gave some good hints as to making a child
pronounce correctly by combining words with the same vocal
sounds, as '' Not, dog, log, God, boy, hog," &c.
Miss Mary Pescud did not think that correct and incorrect
sentences should be written together on the board, as the child
would become confused and not be able to decide afterwards
which had been explained as the correct expression.
Miss Mary Woodward thought the blackboard plan a good
one, because "the children toill hear the 'bad grammar' on the
streets and in the houses and this must be guarded against and
oifset by free use of the board and many talks upon the subject."
Mr. E. W. Carpenter, of Tito, also liked the " blackboard
plan," for a short time, "but the children will soon get tired of
writing down the bad sentences, and then what method is to take
the place, or how is the interest to be rekindled?"
Prof. Smith, in reply to this important query, said that chil-
dren and grow^n people would tire of almost anything if they
were gorged upon it, and so they would of 'bad grammar'; but
there will be no lack of interest if they are not given too much
grammar at one time.
The second topic for the consideration of the Assembly being
stated as " Physical Training," this very important question was
skillfully handled by Prof. H. L. Smith in an excellent address
upon the following outline :
VARIOUS CONSIDERATIONS SHOWING THE IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF PHYSICAL
TRAINING.
1. Theoretical. — (a) The intimate relation and interdependence of mind and
body. They act and react on each other.
(6) The body and its organs are the means by which the mind obtains its knowl-
edge. Mind alone cannot communicate with matter.
252 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
(c) It is through the body that the mind holds communion with other minds.
Without the body aud its organs the mind is powerless and alone, incapable of
receiving or communicating knowledge, or of influencing other minds.
2. Practical. — (a) Actual pain of ill-health and disease.
(6) Loss of the pleasure arising from perfect health.
(c) Loss of working-power and usefulness occasioned by ill-health and disease.
{d) Imposition on one's friends. Sickness is selfish, continually absorbs from
others without rendering due return.
(e) Frequency of bodily deformity and lack of physical completeness.
(/) Transmission of all these ills to one's posterity.
{g) The fact that Americans, and especially American women, are noted over
the world for ill-health and lack of bodily vigor.
Course to be Pursued.
1. Correct obvious physical defects and bad habits.
(«) Hobbling or awkward gait.
(6) Carrying one shoulder higher than the other.
(c) Allowing shoulders to drop forward on chest.
(cZ) Curved back or rounded shoulders.
(e) One-sided carriage of body.
(/) Turned-in toes.
{g) Ungraceful attitudes, bad habits of breathing, sitting, etc.
2. Adopt such a course of Physical Exercises as shall keep the body vigorous
and in good working order.
Note. — In choosing Calislhenic Exercises, let utility and not beauty be the basis
of selection.
Make the school plaj'-grouuds pleasant and attractive ; fit them with the various
appliances for active bodilj' exercise and instruct the pupils in their use ; encour-
age the pupils of both sexes in all out-door sports and games conducive to physi-
cal development.
Prof. Mclver, in speaking upon this topic, specially emphasized
the importaDce of thorough ventilation in all our school- houses,
as breathing good and wholesome air is essential in all our eiforts
at physical education. Let the motto on this point be "good air
in our churches and schools."
Rev. W. B. Harrell said that the teachers must be careful in
setting their pupils a good, example in this direction, and, there-
fore, ought never, under any circumstances, to use tobacco in any
form while in the school-room, nor permit any pupil to use it
during the hours of school.
Miss Mary Pescud strongly advocated the necessity of special
and systematic physical training every day of the term, and "let
the children be well informed as to all the "whys" and "where-
fores" in everything connected with this training of their bodies to
health and exercise.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 253
Several short aud very entertaining speeches were made upon
this subject, until the matter seemed to be specially full of interest.
Each teacher exhibited an evidence of having given much thought
to this question during the previous terms of their schools, and
clearly expressed a desire to be better informed as to the method
of introducing this branch of training more fully into their schools.
A special resolution was adopted requesting Miss Florence
Slater, teacher of Calisthenics in St. Mary's School, Raleigh, to
give the Assembly a lesson in that popular exercise, that its
merits might be better understood. Miss Slater kindly consented,
and the hour for the Calisthenic drill was fixed at six o'clock this
p. M., and the Assembly then adjourned until that hour.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, SIX O CLOCK.
The lawn in front of the hotel had been carefully mowed for
the Calisthenic exercises, but a very heavy rain beginning to fall
just at the hour for the work, the meeting was transferred to the
veranda of the hotel. The entire Assembly was in attendance
at this exercise, and there was also a good number of visitors from
the town. A class of twelve ladies was formed and placed in
position on the veranda. Miss Florence Slater, the teacher, in
a very neat -fitting semi-Calisthenic costume, occupied a temporary
rostrum erected in the angle of the veranda. The music for the
exercises was furnished by the Italian band from Raleigli, under
the leadership of Professor Mike Siderio.
Miss Slater is one of the most proficient teachers of this art in
the State, and the exceedingly graceful little woman is thoroughly
acquainted with all the branches of this most healthful aud grace-
ful exercise, and her very great skill won the closest attention
and sincerest admiration of all spectators. The simple and regu-
lar motions were nicely given by the teacher and followed by
the class, after which Miss Slater, by request, gave an exhibi-
tion of the new "movement and posture" exercises which she
had lately learned in New York from a very experienced foreign
254 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
instructor. The exceeding great beauty of these figures, kneel-
ing, bowing, moving backward and forward, combined perfectly
with the appropriate gestures of the arms, and all harmonized so
gracefully with the soft and low music of the harp and violin, that
a most pleasing impression was left upon the minds of all who
witnessed the exercises.
Adjourned till to-morrow at 10 o'clock.
The Ti'easurer of the Assembly, Mr. R. S. Arrowoocl, of Con-
cord, has just sent to all members-elect a reminder that the fees
are due on the first of January. It is desirable that the amounts
be forwarded to the Treasurer as early as possible, that the com-
mittee may know what amount of funds will be available for the
uses of the next session. Upon receipt of the fee the Treasurer
will forward a "Certificate of Membership," which will entitle
the holder to alL the privileges of the Assembly, including the
special rates of railroad fare and board at the hotels. The reduc-
tions cannot be obtained by any person not in possession of
the certificate, because these unusual privileges and great reduc-
tions are made only for active members of the Assembly. Every
effort will be put forth towards making the coming session of the
Assembly one of the most delightful and profitable teachers'
gatherings ever held in the Union, and to this end there will be
secured the attendance of some of the ablest educators ever iu
the South.
MEMBERS OF THE ISSEMBLY-CONTINUED.
Miss A. E. Green, Dutchville. W. G. Randall, Marion.
Miss M. Ellen Gilliam, Gulf. A. R. Morgan, Troyrille.
Miss Florence Byrd, Troyville. E. Y. Perry, Trenton.
J. A. W. Thompson, Oakdale. J. A. Holt, Oak Ridge.
M. H. Holt, Oak Ridge.
EDITORAL.
SEMD IN THE REPORTS.
The law requires Coimty Treasurers and County Super-
inteiideuts of Instruction to report annually to the State Super-
intendent the amount of money received and expended for public
schools; how much paid for teachers ; how much for houses; the
number of schools, their length, the number of children attend-
ing, &c. Now, we do hope that all these officers will see the
necessity of promptly complying with the requirements of the
law.
The Legislature will meet early in January, and it is indispen-
sable for its members to know what has been done in the matter
of public schools, in order that they may clearly see what changes,
if any, are requiried in our system.
Officers are sworn to obey the law — the law requires these
reports — therefore let there be no excuse, and let the reports be
sent in without delay, that our State Superintendent may, for
once, be enabled to make a full report.
To THE GREAT AfULTiTUDE of noble men and women engaged
in training the youth of our land, we M'ish a "Merry Christmas"
and a New Year filled with health, happiness and prosperity.
The NUMBER of teachers in North Carolina will in a few
years be considerably enlarged by the county students at our
Uuiv-ersity, who by the Act of 1881, are required to promise the
Trustees of the University in writing, "to teach in some school
in the State for a period of time of at least half the length of
that during which he may receive such free tuition of the Uni-
versity."
256 THE IVOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
A CORRESPONDENT of the Raleigh Chronicle suggests that
enquiry be made into the feasibility of reclaiming the large
bodies of swamp lands in the Eastern part of the State, owned
by the State Board of Education, by means of convict labor. If
these lands can be successfully drained, they will not only bring
a good sum of money into the Public School Treasury, but will
be a perpetual source of revenue to the State. This a subject of
great importance, and we trust that the General Assembly at its
coming session will give it that consideration due to its magnitude.
We ARE HAPPY to announce that arrangements have been
made towards securing the attendance of Col. Francis W. Parker
at the comino; session of the Teachers' A ssemblv. It has long been
the desire of our teachers to meet this prominent and progressive
educator, whose "New Education" methods are attracting the
attention of the world ; and his lectures given to the Assembly will
be of the greatest benefit to the cause of education in our State.
Every day of Cdl. Parker's vacation is in the greatest demand
by educational gatherings throughout the Union, but he has
kindly given preference to our Teachers' Avssembly, and we know
that a very large number of enthusiastic teachers will greet his
coming next summer.
The New Year promises to be more prolific of educational
enterprises and successes than any previous one in the history of
the State. The large appropriation which is expected from Con-
gress will no doubt be given for the advancement of the schools,
and this extra fund will cause a gigantic educational impetus in
every State which receives a liberal portion. In view of this,
and as a means towards promoting this desirable growth of edu-
cational interest, would it not be well for each teacher to take
advantage of every facility for improvement in teaching ability,
and thus make each piece of our educational machine in perfect
harmony with all other parts, thereby securing for the children
the greatest possible advantage which the expected increase of
facilities will promise?
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 257
PERSONIL.
Miss Mattie Noble is teaching near Trenton, Jones county.
Miss Mollie Giles, of Kittreil, has removed to Trinity College.
Mrs. N. M. Norwood will soon open a female school at Henderson.
Miss Eliza Oliver is teaching school at Vanceboro, Beaufort county.
Mr. D. a. Briistkley has a good school at Lewisville, Forsyth county.
Rev. Marcus L. Wood has resigned the Presidency of Trinity College.
Miss Ida Potts is teaching Vocal and Instrumental Music at Washington.
Mr. W. H. Spears has just opened a school at Johnson's Store in Wake
county.
Mr. M. C. Patterson is Principal of the Jack's Creek Graded School at
Day Book.
W. W. Kitchen, A. B., is Assistant Principal of Vine Hill Academy,
Scotland Neck.
Rev. J. H. Booth will take charge of the new Academy at Lick Creek
Davidson county.
Miss Belle Mann, of Wilmington, has a good school at Woodville,
Columbus county.
Mr. Robert Ward's school at Bethel, Pitt county, is reported in a
flourishing condition.
Rev. Dr. N. C. Hughes' school at Chocowinity, Beaufort county, has an
increased attendance.
Mr. N. D. Johnson, of Apex, will open a school at Spring Hill, Richmond
county, early in January.
Miss Ione Parker takes charge of the Music Department at Oak Ridge
Institute for the next year.
Dr. James H. Scarborough has been elected County Superintendent of
Instruction for Jones county.
Mrs. Hargrave will begin the next session of her school at Snow Hill,
on the first Monday in January.
Mr. W. B. Bagwell, Associate Principal of Cary High School, will enter
the ministry of the Baptist Church.
We regret to learn that Miss Lou Daniel, Music Teacher in the LaGrange
Collegiate Institute, has been quite sick.
Mr. J. W. Gilliam has a very prosperous school at Morton's Store and
bright prospects for a still larger attendance.
Capt. J. J. Fray is again confined to his room by severe illness. The sin-
cerest sympathy of his friends is cordially extended.
258 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Prof. A. W. Long, who lias been assisting Prof. Mangun) at the Univei-sity,
has been elected to a professorship at Trinity College.
Miss Addie M. Kirkpatrick has resigned her position as teacher in tiie
Primary Department of LaGrange Collegiate Institute.
Miss Bettie Kinsey, formerly of the Kinston School, has taken charge of
the Primary Department of LaGrange Collegiate Institute.
Mr. W. H. Hand, as Principal of Pine Forest Academy, near Goldsboro,
is succeeding in building up an excellent and prosperous school.
A. B. NeviIjLE Ferns, A. M., is Principal of Stoneville Classical and
Commercial Academy for both sexes, at Stoneville, Kockingham county.
Miss Annie Timberlake, teacher in the Music Department of Chowan
Baptist Female Institute, will spend the holidays at her home in Raleigh.
Mr. Edmond Alexander has resigned as Superintendent of Public In-
struction for Tyrrell county, and will take charge of the Preparatory School
at Plymouth.
JosEPHus Daniels, Esq., the versatile editor of the Wilson Advance, will
deliver the address at the closing exercises of Mr. S. E. Eiire's scliool at Black
Creek, December 19tli.
Miss Emma Pittman, of Kinston Graded School, was married on Novem-
ber 4th to Mr. Geo. B. Webb, of Kinston. This is the third teacher married
from this school since its organization.
Rev. R. L. .4bernathy, President of Rutlierford College, has in the
past thirty-one years, given free tuition to 1,378 students. Estimated at $100
each, thesum aggregates §137,800, but who can estimate the good accomplished
by the self-sacrificing efforts of this noble Christian gentleman ?
TEICHERS' BUREAU,
[>9®=*The North Carolina Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned in this
department, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
Teacher and they will be promptlj^ forwarded. We desire to aid every teacher in secur-
ing a good situation, and no charge is made for the insertion of notices in this depart-
ment.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
43. A lady, specially qualified for teaching intermediate branches, though
well acquainted with modern primary methods. Good testimonials furnished.
TEACHERS WANTED.
A teacher to take charge of a primary dei)artment in a high [school. A
lady acquainted with Normal methods preferred.
THE
Nortli Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, JanuarY; 1885. No. 7.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
BE PATIENT.
BY MRS. IDA HARRELL HORNE.
Thy task, perhaps cloth vex thee,
And oft'times comes despair
While telling one thing o'er and o'er,
With ^va'inkled brow of care.
'Tis old to thee, and tiresome.
But then 'tis new to them ;
And some one must disclose the buds
That bloom on wisdom's stem.
Remember thy iirst efforts,
To grasp the hidden things :
How oft a kind and cheerful word,
A sudden radiance flings !
The child who sits and worries
O'er some dark problem now.
Her eyes half wet with starting tears,
Hands pressed to throbbing brow,
Needs but one harsh word spoken,
In quick and angry tone,
To crush the heart, and dull the thoughts-
Be patient with each one.
260 THE NORTH CAEOLIISTA TEACHER.
The scolding, fretful teacher
Is somethiug we deplore;
The frown upon her own dark face,
Casts deeper shades before.
O come with smiling faces,
Be gentle, kind and true ;
Ask help from One who strove with love.
His life's great work to do.
ERRORS IN SPEECH,
BY JAMES MASON.
The following,' collected from many sources, are by no means
all the common errors met with in speech, but there are quite
enough to put you on your guard.
When people set about murdering the English language, they
usually begin with the small words : thus we find a great many
errors arising from the wrong use of pronouns.
" You are stronger than lier,^^ says Mary, " and she is taller
than me."
Here are two common errors in one sentence — her should be
she, and me should be I.
" This is a secret," says Alice, " between you and J." Wrong,
Alice; you should say, "between you and wie."
" Eliza went with Kate and J." Here, again I should be me.
"Was it her who called me?" Her should be she.
" It is me who am to blame." 3Ie should be /.
In " let each of you mind their own business," the their should
of course be her or Ms.
Who and lohich are often confused. Long ago both words
used to be employed to stand for persons ; but nowadays who is
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 261
used when speaking of persons, and tvhich when alluding to
things. Thus, " the lady which I spoke to " ought to be " the
lady to wham I spoke."
" Who do you think I saw to-day?" is a phrase often heard.
Who should be tohom. " Who do you mean ?" Say, " Whom
do you mean ?"
]Many of our errors arise from attaching wrong meanings to
words.
Reverend and reverent are very different words, but they are
often confused. Reverend is the subjective w^ord, describing the
feeling wnthin a man as its subject ; reverent is the objective
w^ord, describing the feeling with which a man is regarded — of
which he is the object.
The words He and lay are very often wrongly used. The first
is a neuter verb — " a vessel lies in a harbor." The otljer is an
active transitive verb — " a hen lays an egg." It is decidedly
bad grammar, then to say, "My cousin lays ill of a fever";
" The books w^ere laying on the table " ; " The boat was laying
outside the bar."
Another common error in regard to the meanings of words is
found in such sentences as, " Lena walked down the centre of the
street," and "the stream ran down the centre of the town."
Both Lena's walking and the stream's running are impossible
performances, for a centre is a point.
Some people fail to distinguish between quantity and number,
and say, " There was a quantity of people present," instead of,
" There were a number.'^ Thackery and Sir Walter Scott have
both fallen into this error.
In connection with numbers, one frequently hears the tioo first
used, when it ought to be the first two. It is by no means a mat-
ter of indifference which you say. The girls at the top of two
different classes would be the two first girls. The first and sec-
ond girls of the same class would be the first two girls.
There are also errors connected with superfluous words.
"Open out the parcel," is one of these. The "out" is not
needed.
262 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
" Lead sinks down in water." Down is superfluous.
" Equally as well." Omit the as.
" Whose are these Aere pins ?" is a very common phrase, to be
mended by omitting the " here.''
For is often employed unnecessarily, as in " She came to Sar-
atoga for to drink the waters." This would have passed as good
grammar in old English, but it will not do in these times.
"One of my great difficulties," says Annie, "is in connection
with verbs. Should I say 'news is' or news aref"
That depends entirely upon circumstances. Sometimes the
verb should be in the plural, sometimes in the singular.
" Another difficulty ! Should one say, ' Either you or I are
wrong? or 'Either you or I am wrong?' "
The latter is grammatically correct.
We have an example of the verb in a wrong number in the
sentence, "One of these houses were sold yesterday." Here the
ear is misled by 'the plural noun "houses." We forget that the
verb should be "was," agreeing in number with "one."
" Each of the girls are to have a separate share." This is an
error of the same sort. Are, of course, should be is.
The question has been raised whether we should say, "Two
and two is four, or are four," and it has been laid down by some
people as a rule that in all abstract cases, when we merely speak
of numbers, the verb is better singular; but there is as much
authority, perhaps more, on the other side.
A number of miscellaneous error remain to be mentioned,
"J shall he much pleased to accept your kind invitation for
Wednesday first." This should be, "I accept with pleasure,"
for there is nothing future about your acceptance.
An every-day mistake among the half-educated consists in the
use of like in the place of as. For example: "Like she did;
"Like I do now"; "Like we were"; " Like she told me."
"Six spoons full" and " six sj^oonfulls " are different things,
though often confounded. To take " six spooufuUs " only one
spoon is needed, but for "six spoons full" you must have six
spoons.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 263
The use of directli/ instead of immediately is a coniiiiou error.
" Directli/ Mary came/' says Julia, " I went away."
May one say " ivell-looking " instead of " ^oocZ-looking ? " No.
Well-looking has no standing in respectable society.
" Blanche is as different to Georgiana as she could be." Here
to should be from.
" I intended to have j^layed on the piano to-day." This should
be, " I intended to play."
Names of places are often pronounced wrongly, but it is hardly
in good taste to make oneself conspicuous in company by giving
the local rendering of the name of any town or district when
the general and' outside public have made up their minds that it
should be pronounced differently.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
IN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
BY G. L. GREESON, TYKO, N. C.
A mechanical and agricultural college is North Carolina's
greatest need. The State now has six hundred thousand dollars,
the proceeds from the sale of the Western North Carolina Rail-
road. With this money on hand what excuse can be given for a
further delay? Will not North Carolina now make good her
pledge for the one hundred and forty thousand dollars which
she received from the United States government for this express
purpose? Is it not the duty of those who claim to represent the
people, to look after this matter? A further delay in this matter
is an injury to those for whom this gift was intended. The
so-called agricultural feature of the University is good, as far as it
goes, but it does not fulfill the obligations of the State nor will it
satisfy the wishes of the people when fully enlightened on this
subject. Brother teachers, we want a word from you.
264 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
1 DISCRIMINATION BET¥EEN COMMONLY ACCEPTED
SYNONYMS.
BY C. F. SHERRILL, CONCORD, N. C.
Custom and Habit. Custom respects aa action, and habit is
the eiFect of the repetition. Custom has reference to tlie action
and habit to the actor. By the custom of walking we acquire
the habit of activity.
Pride and Vanity. Pride is inordinate self-esteem, and "the
never-failing vice of fools." Vanity is an unreasonable desire
for the flattery of others. " Pride is more common among men,
and vanity among women." A person can be too proud to be
vain.
Felicity and Beatitude. Felicity signifies the state of being
successful, or having the sensual desires satisfied. We enjoy
corporeal felicity, and spiritual beatitude.
Wit and Humor. Wit is quick and brilliant; humor contin-
uous and even. Wit is the bright and irregular flash of a
meteor; humor is the constant and uniform light of the sun. " In
conversation humor is more than wit."
Coujxige and Fortitude. Courage enables us to encounter diffi-
culties ; fortitude, to endure pain. Courage meets dangers and
attempts to repel them. Fortitude is that firmness of mind
which supports pain. Courage may disregard dangers and be a
vice ; fortitude is always' a virtue. " Leonidas displayed courage
at Thermopyle when, with three hundred Spartans, he opposed
the entire army of Xerxes; Cains Marcus displayed fortitude
when he stood unmoved with his hand in the fire."
Genius and Talent. The. word genius is derived from the
Latin word gigno, to be born, signifying what is peculiar to any
one and not derived from others. It is the innate bent of mind.
Like imagination, it is creation. The modern meaning of talent
comes from the Saviour's parable of the talents. It signifies any-
• THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 265
thiug that can readily be put to use, anything of practical utility.
A person may have talent without genius, but a man of genius
is rarely without talent, for genius creates talent. The poet has
genius, and the historian talent.
Imagination and Fancy. Imagination is closely allied to the
word image, and in its etymological sense means to bring images
before the mind. Imagination creates new ideas, while fancy
combines old and familiar ones. Imagination bodies forth the
form of things unknown and gives to airy nothing a local habita-
tion and a name. Fancy revels over known and familiar scenes,
while imagination creates and peoples new worlds. We speak of
the imagination of the poet, and the fancy of the artist.
Knoivledge and Wisdom. Knowledge is synonymous with
learning and information. Wisdom is knowledge put to a right
use, " the be-st use of the best means to the best end." " Knowl-
edge dwells in heads rej)lete with thoughts of other men. Wis-
dom in minds attentive to tfieir own." Knowledge is a lumber-
house full of boards of every conceivable size and shape. Wis-
dom turns this pile into beautiful and useful pieces of furniture.
"Knowledge is a rude, unprofitable mass, the mere material with
which Wisdom builds." "Knowledge is power" — the ungath-
ered power of a mountain torrent. Wisdom is this power caught
up and made to turn machinery.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THE SCHOOL MMING ITS 0¥N DISCIPLINE.
BY JOHN S. SMILEY, COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT, SWAIN COUNTY, N. C.
We invited our pupils to write a list of those things which
they considered disturbances to school work, in which they gladly
participated.
The result almost astonished us, coming as it did from pupils
of the tender ages, and from a district country school, but here is
what they wrote :
266 THE NORTH CAROLTJS^A TEACHER.
" Disputing, quarrelling, fighting, swearing, lying, stealing,
whispering or talking and laughing in time of school ; black-
guarding, climbing ; moving about unnecessarily, scribbling upon
the seats, house, or another's paper or books ; going oat-doors
too much ; walking too heavy upon the floor ; spitting upon the
floor; studying too loud ; not trying to learn, and disobeying the
teacher," which were unanimously adopted as the great hindrances
to school.
Then followed the covenant, which was also signed by all.
We give it, hoping that it may be as serviceable to some other
teachers and schools as it is to ours.
SCHOOL COVENANT.
"We, the undersigned pupils of the public school in District
No. 15, Swain county, North Carolina, session 1884, do coven-
ant and ap;ree together to avoid all disturbances and nuisances
named herein (Here read the things named).
And we do further covenant and agree to act with every degree
of politeness to each other, the teacher and all other people, and
endeavor to carry out good order in our school.
We do further covenant and agree upon the part of each to
promote the welfare and advancement of our respective classes in
every possible way ; to avoid what we know to be wrong and
endeavor to do what we know to be right.
We further agree to be at the school in due time each day,
never acting the ' truant, and to return speedily to our homes
when school is dismissed ; to strictly follow the programme of
our school and directions of the teacher at all times."
The following are the names of the committee on discipline
and the writers upon this occasion : J. S. Bradley, Julia A.
Enloe, J. T. Sharpton, Arminda E. Bradley, M. Jane Nations,
E. Alice Nations, M. Etta Beck, Cora R. Smith, Lizzie C.
Brown, Julia A. Mathis, S. Modena Mathis, M. Eva Bradley.
It is truly gratifying to enjoy the peace and order of this
school, in which the pupils run their own government.
Bless the dear Teacher, and the children of the State, and
all who are in the school work.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 267
THE TEICHERS' ASSEMBLY.
The Committee on ArraDgements has carefully considered the
claims of all the places mentioned as suitable for the next .session
of the North Carolina Teachers' Assembly, and the choice has
been unanimously given to Black Mountain. The .selection of
place was made before the death of Professor J. J. Fray, the Pres-
ident of the Assembly, and his preference was decidedly in favor
of Black Mountain as best suited to our purpose and easiest of
access to the teachers of all sections of the State. Taking Ral-
eigh as a central point, it was ascertained that the expense of a trip
to Nag's Head would be nearly, twice as great avS that incurred in
reaching Black Mountain, though the distance to the latter point
is much further. The Secretary of the Assembly has just made
a special visit to Black Mountain for '^spying out the land" and
the [)lace was found to be specially adapted to the requirements of
the Assembly, and in many respects superior to all other points.
THE PLACE OP MEETING.
Black Mountain is situated on the Western North Carolina
Railroad, just sixteen miles from Asheville, three miles from Swan-
nauoa tunnel and ten miles from Round Knob, It is in the heart
of our most beautiful mountain country, on the top of the famous
Blue Ridge, and every conceivable advantage of loveliness of
mountain scenery is possessed by this point. A new and well-
kept hotel is at this place and the proprfetor is now engaged in the
erection of additional sleeping-rooms, so that the members of the
Assembly may be assured of obtfiining every possible comfort,
convenience and accommodation during their sojourn among tlie
mountains. Among the special comforts will be a large assem-
bly hall conveniently situated and arranged for the daily sessions,
affording ample room for all the members and guests, and undis-
turbed facilities for transacting the business of the meeting. The
altitude of Black Mountain is 2,500 feet, being 300 feet higher
2
268 THE NORTH CAROLTXA TEACHER.
than Asheville, aud nearly 2,200 feet above Raleigh. There is the
greatest abundance of purest mountain water and the freshest,
most invigorating mountain air. The roads are in good condi-
tion for delightful drives, and there are unlimited facilities for
pleasant rambles and strolls among the cool, shady valleys, along
the mountain hill-sides, or down the railroad to the Swannanoa
tunnel.
The "Mt. Mitchell Hotel," just erected at Black Mountain, is
one of the best arranged and furnished houses to be found in
Western North Carolina. The enterprising proprietor, Mr. J.
M. Stepp, has had special consideration for the pleasure of his
guests in all the arrangements of his house. The rooms are w^ell
furnished and well lighted, and each one supplied with electric
bells. Hot and cold water baths are also provided. The build-
ing has three stories, with long, roomy verandas on all sides;
there is also a tower, with an observatory on top, from which a
most magnificent view is obtained of imposing mountains aud
fertile vales. Black Mountain is the nearest railroad point to the
famous Mitchell's Peak, the highest mountain in the United
States east of the Rocky Mountains. It is only fifteen miles from
the hotel to Dr. Mitchell's grave, on top of the mountain, and
parties will make the ascent often during the session of the
Assembly.
SPECIAL ADVANTAGES.
There are many advantages to be found at Black Mountain
which will be appreciated by the Assembly. Tiie place is on
a regular trunk line of railway, thus providing certain trains
every day; a telegraph office is at the hotel, affording instaut
communication with all points ; the best of medical attendance
may be obtained from Asheville in a very short time when
needed ; the place is entirely free from the objectionable class of
guests which sometimes infest popular and fashionable summer
resorts; the patronage of the hotel will be almost eutirely under
control of the teachers and their frieuds during the session, as no
persons will be entitled to the special rates and privileges except
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 269
members of the Assembly, thus insuring an exceedingly select
and pleasant company of visitors, such as will be thoroughly
agreeable to one another. Membership can be obtained only by
sending the name to the Secretary at Raleigh, with the fee of two
dollars for males and one dollar for females.
EXPENSES OF THE TRIP.
The expense of this delightful mountain sojourn will be very
moderate, much less than the trip of last summer to Waynesville.
Col. Andrews, the President of the railroad, has been very lib-
eral in his arrangements both as to rates and privileges, and has
shown every disposition to grant to the Assembly every possible
favor. The tickets will be for the round trip, good for six
weeks, and each purchaser has the privilege of stopping anywhere
along the route in returning. Fare from Raleigh will be $7.85,
and the tickets will be equally as low from all other leading
points throughout the State. A full table of fares will be
announced in next issue. Rates of board at the hotel at Black
Mountain will be $1.00 per day for all time under one week,
and from one to six weeks $6.00 per week of seven days each.
These rates are largely reduced from the regular summer rates
and thus aiford a healthful and enjoyable mountain trijj at about
one-half the expense of going at any other time or in any other
way. These privileges are offered to all teachers and their
friends, but cannot be obtained by any person except upon pre-
sentation of a "certificate of memberiship in the North Carolina
Teachers' Assembly." Special rates have also been secured from
Mr. Chedester, pi'oprietor of the Grand Central Hotel at Ashe-
ville, at $1.00 per day for teachers who desire to spend a few
days in the '^ Queen City of the West."
BENEFITS OF THE ASSEMBLY.
The teachers who attended the session last summer at Waynes-
ville, well know how greatly they were benefited by the general
270 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
meeting aud acquaintance with so large a number of active and
ambitious co-workers in the cause of education ; and how much
vahiable aid was given to each one by the clear and admirable
discussions aud lectures upon the most important methods of
school-room work. The influences of that meeting have been
felt throughout the whole State and are still seen in almost every
school. The benefits of the next session will be far greater
than those received last summer, because this poming session will
be much more largely attended and will have among its members
almost every one of our leading teachers, male and female, in the
State. The subjects considered will be carefully selected as the
most practical ones in our school work, and the lecturers will be
fully prepared to discuss the subjects chosen. The greatest "New
Education" advocate in the Union, Colonel Francis W. Parker,
will be present at the meeting and deliver several lectures upon
subjects which are of the most vital interest and importance to
every teacher. His "talks upon teaching" will create the high-
est enthusiasm and his coming will give a greater impetus to edu-
cation in North Carolina than that of any other man who has
ever been within our borders. Such has been the resUlt of Col-
onel Parker's work in every State wdiich he has visited, and
larger and more enthusiastic crowds of teachers have listened to
him than to any other educator now living. Added to these
attractions will be valuable addresses by prominent teachers of
our own State, as Major Finger, Major Bingham, Dr. Battle,
Captain Dugger, Professor Tomlinsou, Dr. Simmons, Hon. J.
C. Scarborough, Dr. Richard Lewis, Professors Moses, Dun-
can, Thomas, Reinhart, Branson, Hobgood, Morson, Mitchell,
Burwell, Smedes, and many others who are directing the educa-
tional thoughts and methods of our school system. Those five
or six weeks of rest and rustication during the hot days of
June and July, amidst the pure health-giving air of our moun-
tains, just at the (^lose of a weary and exhausting school term, will
be of incalculable benefit to the tired teacher and bring renewed
strength and energy for the return of fall work.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 271
HEALTH SLPHIBET.
As soon as you are up shake blanket and sheet ;
Better be without shoes than sit with wet feet ;
Children, if heakhy, are active, not still ;
Damp beds and damp clothes will both make you ill ;
Eat slowly and always chew your food well ;
Freshen the air in the house where you dwell ;
Garments must nev^er be made too tight ;
Homes should be healthy, airy aud light ;
If you wish to be well, which you do, I've no doubt,
Just open the windows before you go out ;
Keep the room always tidy and clean ;
Let dust on the furniture never be seen ;
jVluch illness is caused by the want of pure air,
Now, to open the windows be ever your care ;
Old rags and old rubbish should never be kept ;
People should see that their floors are well swept ;
Quick movements in children are healthy and right ;
liemember the young cannot thrive without light ;
See that the cistern is clean to the brim ;
Take care that your dress is all tidy and trim ;
XJse your nose to find if there be a bad drain —
Very sad are the fevers that come in its train ;
"Walk as much as you can without feeling fatigue ;
Xerxes could walk full many a league ;
Your health is your wealth, which your wisdom must keep ;
Zeal will help a good cause, and the good you will reap.
— Selected.
272 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
We learn from the report of Hon. J. C. Scarborough, State
Superintendent of Public Instruction, just submitted to the Leg-
islature, that during the year 1884 we had in the public schools
of ninety-two counties of the State, children as follows:
White males 91,644
" females 76,015
Total whites 167,659
Colored males 54,606
" females 56,633
Total colored 111,239
Aggregate white and colored 278,898
Four counties 'failed to report, so we may say that we had, in
round uuiubers, 280,000 children in the public schools of the
State.
According to the school census, there are in the ninety-two
counties reporting, 314,293 white children and 189,988 colored
children, making an aggregate of 504,281. The number of school
districts was, for whites 2,2^^6, colored 1,181; total 3,467, as
reported by ninety-two counties. The number of public school-
houses, as reported by ninety-one counties, was, for whites 1,765,
colored 794 ; total 2,559. The value of public school property,
as reported by eighty-five counties, was, for whites ^344,510.35,
colored $138,581.63; total $483,091. 98. The number of pub-
lic schools taught, reported by ninety-two counties, was, for whites
3,845, colored 2,175; total 6,020. The average length of school
terms, as reported by ninety counties, was, white schools 11 1 and
colored llf weeks. The number of teachers examined and
approved during 1884 was, white males, first grade 1,030, second
1,059, third 203; females, first grade 518, second 530, third 125;
total white teachers 3,470. Of the colored there were examined
and approved, males, first grade 315, second 600, third dS5;
females, first grade 109, second 327, third 295, a total of 2,150.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 273
The gninJ total of white and colored was 5,611. There were
held during the year, in thirty-one counties, 55 teachers' institutes,
of which 30 were for whites and 25 for colored. The attendance
at these was, whites 980, colored 561 ; total 1,541. The number
of teachers attending the white Normal Schools was, white males
532, females 390, model primary 80; total whites 1,002. The
attendance of teachers at the colored Normal Schools was, males
276, females 296 ; total 572. The grand total, white and colored,
was 1,574. The number of teachers attending the institutes and
normals was 3,715.
THE WORK OF 1884.
The report of operations for the year ending December 1, 1884,
gives receipts as follows: balance on hand December 1, 1883,
$181,042.65; poll tax, |199,627.43; property tax, $220,916.87;
State treasury, $59,943.14; special poll tax, $8,303.72; special
property tax, $28,438.26; fines, forfeitures and penalties, $14,-
404.38; liquor licenses, $39,724.88 ; other sources, $12,638.83;
total receipts, $765,032.16. The counties of Carteret, Warren
and Person make only ])artial reports. Alamance received
$768.30, Chatham $1,213.35, Pender $622.75, from the treasury,
of which they make no report.
The disbursements for 1884 were as follows: To teachers for
whites, $264,184.51 ; for colored, $152,012.33 ; school-houses and
sites for whites, $38,613.29; for colored, $32,075.40; county
superinteudeuts, $10,912.67; registers of deeds, $2,690; insolv-
ent taxes returned, $1,516.24; white teachers' institutes, $969.16,
colored, $838.27; other purposes, $13,367.50; treasurer's com-
missions, $18,025.19; total disbursements, $535,205.03 ; balance
on hand December 1, 1884, $229,827.16.
It will be seen that the balance in the hands of county treas-
urers due the public schools, December 1, 1883, was $181,042.65,
while at the close of the school year 1884 it had increased to
$229,827.16! We hope the Legislature, at its present session,
will devise some plan to prevent the public school money accu-
mulating in the hands of county treasurers. We do not wish to
274 . THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
be understood as censuring county treasurers, for they are in no
way responsible for the accumulation. But the law should be so
amended that if the school committee of a district shall allow an
amount sufficient to run a school for one month to remain in the
treasurer's hands on the last day of the school year, that the
amount so remaining shall be apportioned to the districts of the
county for the race to which it was originaUy apportioned. Prob-
ably it would Ije well to provide that this shall not be done where
it is show^u by the committee that the money was left in the treas-
ury for the purpose of purchasing land and building suitable
school-houses for the use of the children of such district. Or it
might be made a misdemeanor on the part of committeemen to
neglect the opening of the public schools in the district for which
they were appointed, when money has been apportioned to the
district to pay for public schools.
THE PEABODY FUND.
The receipts and disbursements of this fund for 1884 were as
follows: Receipts, February $1,000, April $1,550, May $950,
June $400, balanc-e $190; total $4,000.
Disbursements: To Salisbury Normal, wdiite, $189.50; Char-
lotte Graded Schools, white and colored, $1,300 ; Ivinston Graded
School, white, $500; Goldsboro Graded School, wdiite, $400;
Wilson Graded School, wdiite, $400; Kinston Graded School,
colored, $300; AVilmington Graded Schools, white and colored,
$600 ; Franklin Normal School, white, $50 ; New Bern Normal
School, colored, $100; Wilson Normal School, white, $75; Eliza-
beth City Normal School, white, $85; Newton Normal School,
white, $90 ; total disbursements, $4,090.
Encourage pupils to photograph or picture the difficult words
in their minds and spell them from this picture rather than from
the recollection of the order of the letters by mere repetition.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 275
BETTER PlY IND BETTER TEICHERS.
The State Chronicle holrls that the office of Superintendent of
Schools ought to be the most important office in the State. To
thus dignify it we must raise the salary and make it so desir-
able that young men of talent and education and broad culture
will go into the profession of teaching, and have before them an
eminence in that profession whicli would be honorable to aspire to
fill. In the last fcM^ years the Chronicle is pleased to know that
many of the best educated and most talented young men in the
State have adopted teaching as their profession. They are ambi-
tious young men. They are not content to remain in a profession
unless they see before them some chance of promotion. To make
the educational system what it should be, we need — we must have
— the services of the young men. To induce them to enter the
profession — to prepare themselves to become practical and suc-
cessful teachers — the State ought to hold out every possible
inducement.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
HISTORIC INfiLOGIES.
BY REV. J. M. ATKINSON, D. I)., RALEIGH, N. C.
It is a common saying that history repeats itself. The uni-
form action of moral causes may be reckoned upon with scarcely
less confidence than the uniformity of nature's laws within the
natural world. The historic analogies between the -events and
characters recorded in the Bible and those handed down to us by
secular writers, are signal and striking. The first instance to
which we invite attention is that which subsists between Julius
Csesar and Augustus, in Roman story, and David and Solomon
in Holy Writ. Julius Csesar, pronounced by Lord Bacon the
3
276 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
foremost man of all time, was at ouee a man of action, a man of
science and a man of letters. The Roman people were the most
warlike people of the ancient world, and Julius Csesar was the
greatest warrior Rome ever produced. He carried the Roman
arms further than- they had ever gone before, and compelled the
fiercest and most formidable barbarians to revere the majesty of
Rome. But he was hardly more illustrious as a warrior than as
a civilian. He was a great statesman, an unrivalled administra-
tor and ruler. As an orator, he was second only to Cicero.
His notes of his Gallic campaigns hastily jotted down, are among
the best classics of his country, written with a terseness, sim-
plicity, picturesqueness, and graphic force, which show that in
his hands the pen, if not mightier than the sword, was a weapon
wielded with equal dexterity and effect.
To Julius Csesar, the flower of Pagan greatness, corresponds
David, the prince of the house of Judah ; the man after God's
own hsai't, and the sweet Psalmist of Israel. In hisearlv vouth,
he was the ideal of chivalrous romance. While little more than
a boy, he had slain with his own hand a lion and a bear. While
a mere stripling, he had vanquished and beheaded the giant
champion of Philistia. As a warrior, he extended the limits of
his country to the farthest bounds they ever reached ; and made
her great and respected in the eyes of the surrounding tribes and
nations. His rule Avas alike benignant and vigorous. He
restored the ancient faith of Israel and expelled the abomination
of idol worship from all the land. He made the law of his God
the rule of his government, and exalted righteousness on the
throne of royalty. Though not permitted to build the temple,
because a man of blood, it had been an object dear to his heart,
and he had made a princely provision for carrying it into eifect.
But his highest glory Avas not as king, but as Prophet and
Psalmist. It was as the inspired author of sacred lyrics, the
imperishable treasure alike of the tabernacle, the temple, the syn-
agogue, and the Christian church of every denomination, and of
all lands and times, that he is best remembered. We figure him
to ourselves not so much as wielding the royal sceptre, but rather
as "charming the air " and the soul with the melodies of the liarp.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 277
The imperial successor of the " mighty Julius " was his nephew
Augustus, who, after he had established peace all over the world,
closed the gates of the temple of Janus, iu the year the Prince of
Peace was born. The friend Macseuas, the patron of Virgil and
Horace, the promoter of the elegant arts, whose boast it was he
found Rome of brick and left it of marble, if not altogether void
of martial ambition, was, by temper, as well as by policy, a man
of peace.
The correspondence between Augustus and Solomon, whose
reign was a reign of peace, and who, of all the men that ever lived,
was the chief promoter of commerce and the peaceful arts, is not
less marked than that of Julius Caesar to David.
The second and very striking parallel is found in the rape of
the Sabines and the rough wooing of the daughters of Shiloh on
the part of the bachelor Benjamites. When Romulus found that
there was a "plentiful lack" of wives for the outlaws and adven-
turers gathered from all quarters to occupy his nascent city, he
hospitably invited the Sabine damsels to a Roman picnic; and
the young gentlemen of Rome, more ardent than courteous, each
bore off the belle that best pleased his fancy, and so Rome was
replenished with an ample supply of "Heaven's last, best gift"
to man. So, when the Benjamites were in the same sad plight
and the precious supply of young virgins saved from Jabesh
Gilead was quite exhausted, they fell upon a similar device to
that of the great founder of the Eternal City. The eager and
expectant sons of Benjamin emerged from the vineyards where
they had been lying in wait, and laid loving hands upon the fair
daughters of Shiloh.
In a great majority of schools, pupils are using reading books
too far advanced for them, and the cousequence is, they learn little
in reading that is valuable to them, but acquire habits that it is
scarcely possible to correct. — Wickersham.
278 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
MSKE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY R STUDY.
Our progressive contemporary, the Columbus Times, published
at Chaclbourne, Columbus county, urges the importance of mak-
ing the history of North Carolina a study in our schools. It
says :
"The history of North Carolina is in the list of prescribed
studies to be taught in our public schools. To what extent it is
pursued as a distinct study we are not aware. As far as our obser-
vation goes, there is a lamentable lack of a knowledge of the
history of our State. Even the teachers themselves know but
little or nothing about it. Not only our history but the Consti-
tution of our State should be systematically taught to our youth
in the school-room. It is of the utmost importance to the well-
being of the State to have its citizens informed as to its organic
laws. A definite 'knowledge of the structure of our government
is necessary to a fully developed citizenship. It is astonishing
how little many of our people know about the different depart-
ments of the State government and the separate work of each.
They have confused and indistinct ideas about them and are
unable to draw a clear and intelligible distinction between the
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of the government.
Remedy the matter by starting at the right place and giving our
youth a knowledge of these things."
SCHOOL OPENINGS.
Trenton, Jones county, is left without a teacher by the removal
of Professor Perry.
Wake Forest Academy, Professor L. W. Bagley, opened its
spring session January 19th.
MoRVEN High Schooe, J. W. Kelly, A. B., Principal, began
its spring term January 12th.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 279
Wake Forest College, Rev. Charles E. Taylor, President,
begau its spring term January 15th.
Marion High School, Professor W. G. Randall, Principal,
will open its spring term January 26th.
Greenwood School, Scotland ISTeck, Miss Sallie Speed, Prin-
cipal, began its spring term January 12th.
Carolina College, Anson ville, Mr. W. D. Redfearn, Prin-
cipal, opened its spring term January 12th.
Oxford Female Seminary, Professor F. P. Hobgood, Prin-
cipal, opened its spring term January 14th.
Warrenton Male Academy, Capt. J. E. Dugger, Princi-
pal, opened its spring session January 19th.
Davenport Female College, Professor Will H. Sanborn,
President, ends its present term February 5th.
Greensboro Female College, Rev. T. M. Jones, D. D.,
President, opened its fifty-eighth session January 8th.
Nahunta Academy, Fremont, Wayne county, Mr. J. H.
Moore, Principal, opened its spring term January 5th.
Horner's School, at Henderson, T. J. and W. D. Horner,
Principals, begins its spring term the third Monday in January.
Pleasant Lodge Academy^, Chatham county, had ninety-
three pupils last session. It opened its spring session January 7.
Vine Hill Female Academy, Scotland Neck, Misses Lena
H. Smith and Eunice McDowell, Principals, began its spring
term January I9tlr.
Clinton Collegiate Institute, Professor J. D. Murphy,
Principal, opened its spring session January 8. Professor Murphy
had 115 pupils last session.
Horner School, Oxford, Professors J. H. and J. C. Horner,
Principals, opened its spring term January 12th. This school is
thoroughly equipped for efficient work.
Graham Normal College, Rev. W. S. Long, A. M., Presi-
dent, opened its spring term January 5th. This institution was
established in 1837. Both sexes are admitted.
280 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
PiTTSBORO Scientific Academy, for boys and girls, Capt.
C. B. Denson, Principal, opened its twenty-first term in January.
"This school prepares fully for college or business."
Albemarle Academy, Stanly county, under the principal-
bliip of Professor H. W. Spinks, has an enrollment of 100 stu-
dents this session. It opened its spring session January 12th.
Vine Hill Male Academy, at Scotland Neck, Professor E.
E. Hilliard, opened its spring session January 19th. This school
was established in 1810, and is now in a more prosperous condi-
tion than ever before.
Pleasant Hill Academy, at Elevation, Johnston county,
under charge of Professor Ira Turlington, County Superintendent
of Public Instruction, is in a flourishing condition. The spring-
term opened January 12th.
Wilson Collegiate Institute, Professor S. Hassell, A. M.,
Principal, will begin its spring session January 19th. The Prin-
cipal is again teaching, and claims that his school library is unsur-
passed for real value in North Carolina.
Oak Ridge Institute, Professors Holt, Principals, began'^its
spring session January 6th. It boasts the finest school-building
in the State, competes with the best in solid instruction given,
and confidently expects from 175 to 200 students this session.
The Hamilton Institute, with Professor John Duckett at
its head, assisted by a corps of trained teachers, has earned quite
a reputation outside of its immediate vicinity*. AVe commend it
to parents and guardians. Its spring session opened January 7th.
Yadkin Mineral Springs Institute (male and female),
at Palmersville, Stanly county, opened January 5th, under Pro-
fessor O. C. Hamilton, Principal. Has just erected a large and
convenient school-building. Had boarders from nine counties last
session.
Oakdale Academy and Normal Institute, for males and
females, at Oakdale, Alamance county, opened its 10th session
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 281
under the superintendence of Professor J. A. W. Thompson. He
will be assisted by Professors A. Baker, A. B., of Granville, and
A. C. Monroe (Davidson College), of Cumberland.
Shelby High School, Professor Palemon J. King, A, M.,
Principal, opened its spring session January 5th. Its enrollment
the past session was 110. Professor King was, for fifteen years,
Principal of*Hearn High School, Rome, Georgia. In this school
young men are thoroughly prepared for the higher classes in
college.
EDUCSTIONSL NOTES.
Trextox, Jones county, is without a teacher.
Shiloh, Camden county, is without a teacher. A good male
teacher is wanted there.
Holly Springs Institute, Wake county, Pev. J. M. White,
Principal, opened its spring term January 12th.
There seems to be a desire to change the name of the Teach-
ers' organization from "Assembly" to "Chautauqua."
The Lincolnton High School is succeeding finely under
the excellent and judicious principalship of Rev. D. Mat.
Thompson.
The Sandy Ridge Academy, under the good manage-
ment of Miss Alice Page, has begun the spring term with glow-
ing prospects.
South Mills Academy, under the principalship of Mr. W.
M. Hinton and Mrs. C. H. Spencer, opened its spring term on
the 12th inst.
The teachers of Buncombe county so highly appreciated
the services of their County Superintendent, Mr. J. W. Starnes,
that they made him an elegant Christmas present of silver plate.
282 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The Hertford High School, imder the management of Mr.
C. L. Riddle, we are pleased to learn, is in a flourishing condi-
tion, Mr. Riddle is a teacher of the progressive kind and is bound
to command success.
The Legislature "Educational Committee" embraces some
strong friends to popular education. From such men as Rich-
mond Pearson, the "House Chairman," and H. A.'Gudger, the
"Senate Chairman," we may expect a good "School Bill,"
The Kinston Graded School is succeeding finely under the
principalship of Mr. E, M. Goodwin. The enrollment is 245,
with an average attendance of 93 per cent. The school has a good
library of 260 standard volumes, and 14 periodicals are taken
for the reading-room,
Oakdale AcadEiMY is prospering finely. Seventy boarding-
pupils are now on the roll, representing seventeen counties. The
prospects for next term are better than ever before. We con-
gratulate friend Thompson on his success. A Normal Department
is to be added next term.
Rutherford College closed its sixty-second term Decem-
ber 17th, This old and popular institution has, for thirty-two
years, stood as a beacon-light to thousands of industrious young
men whom it has educated. The spring term opened January
7th, and the prospect for future patronage is very encouraging.
The Board of Education of the North Carolina Con-
ference say with regard to Greensboro Female College, that they
are much gratified at the unparalleled prosperity of this excellent
institution. They do not believe the institution ever maintained
a higher standard of excellence or ever did better work than it is
now doing.
Prof, E. T. Jones, County Superintendent for Wake county,
reports 87 public schools for the whites and 79 for the colored
during 1884, making a total of 166 schools iu the county. There
were enrolled in the schools 3,601 white children and -0,752
colored children, making 9,353 children in the public schools of
Wake during the year.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 283
The Recorder says the Durham Graded School is in a more
flourishing condition now than ever before. It is doing some
grand work for the education of the people. Prof. Kenneday,
one of the best instructors in the country, assisted by a corps of
fine teachers, is accomplishing a wonderful amount of good that
will bear golden fruit for ages to come.
Bingham School, Orange county, Major Robert Bingham,
closed its 181st session December 16. This school was estab-
lished in 1793, by Rev. William Bingham (grandfather of the
present superintendent). We learn from its neatly printed cata-
logue just sent to us that it had, during the past session, 251
pupils. In the last five years Major Bingham has had in his
school pupils from twenty-two States of the Union, and also from
Brazil, Scotland, Germany and Siam. There are in this institu-
tion seven teachers, and all North Carolina is proud of its record.
On the morning of January 6th, the beautiful new art gal-
lery of St. Mary's School, Raleigh, was destroyed by fire. The
building was of wood, 50 by 80 feet, two stories high, contained
several recitation rooms, the kindergarten department and art
gallery, and was furnished in good style. It was erected during
the year 1884, and the loss is estimated at about $12,000, includ-
ing §1,000 worth of school furniture. While we sincerely sym-
pathize wnth the Rector, Rev. Bennett Smedes, we are happy to
state that the loss will not in the least interfere with the exercises
of his most excellent school, as the art gallery was entirely discon-
nected from the other buildings.
In announcing the spring opening of the State University
on the 5th of January, Hon. A. H. Merritt, editor of the Pitts-
boro Home, says: We had occasion, last spring, to visit and
inspect the institution. We are thoroughly persuaded that it is
doing a noble work for the State. Its teaching was never more
thorough and never before so practical. It is giving our State its
best instructors by teaching how to teach. It is developing our
minerals by giving us mining engineers. In a word, it is doing
all for higher education that it can do with its present resources*
The State is bound to support it, not only by the Constitution but
284 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
by every motive of self-interest and State pride. If it needs
money, let the Legislature grant it.
Wp: HAVE received the catalogue of Gaston High School, of
Dallas, E-ev. M. L. Little, Principal. This is one of the fore-
most high schools in the State. Professor Little is assisted by
the following able corps of instructors : L. A. Bikle, D. D.,
Latin, Greek and English Literature; Professor J. M. Roberts,
(University of N. C), Mathematics; Miss Florence L. Antrim,
Art and Commercial Departments; Miss Esther A. Bolick and
Mr. L. L. Lohr, Primary Department; Miss Mary Templeton
and Miss Margia Sexton, Vocal and Instrumental Music; Mr. AV.
J. Herman, Tutor. Professor Little has a new three-story brick
school building, erected during the year 1884, at a cost of $8,000,
and an enrollment of students numbering 219, representing five
States. In wishing success to this and all other high schools
within our borders, ^ye are but wishing success to our State. ,
Trinity College began its spring session January 7th, under
the new management. At the late session of the North Carolina
Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Messrs.
J. W. Alspaugh, J. S. Carr and J. A. Gray were appointed a Com-
mittee of Management for two years, after the expiration of which
time they are to surrender the entire management of the College
to the Trustees and Conference, with all improvements added,
without any charge for their service or debt during their admin-
istration. In the meantime the endowment of the College is to
be vigorously prosecuted. The Committee of Management have
accordingly selected the following gentlemen to compose the
Faculty: J. F. Heitman (who will be chairman), W. Ganna-
way, W. H. Pegram, N. C. English (who will have charge of
the Preparatory Dejjartment and Business Course), J. M. Bandy
(Mathematics), H. H. Williams, and A. W. Long. Additional
improved apparatus and appliances will be added, and the Faculty,
composed of specialists in their respective departments, are pre-
pared to meet the demands of the educational interests of the
Church and patrons of the College. Every true friend of educa-
tion in the State will bid this noble institution Godspeed.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 285
New Garden (Friends') School, Guilford couDty, has
added to its Faculty Joseph Moore, LL. D., formerly President
of Earlham College, Indiana. We cordially welcome Professor
Moore to our State, although he is no stranger here, having organ-
ized the first Normal School in North Carolina. He was a pupil
of Agassiz at Harvard, and is represented as a teacher by natu-
ral fitness as well as by long experience, of recognized ability in
the department of natural science. This educational institution
is one of the oldest in the State, having never been suspended
since its first opening in 1837. All through this long history it
has been noted for thorough work, good discipline and for the
excellent scholarship of its instructors. The extensive improve-
ments made in buildings and furniture during the summer of
1882 have greatly increased the facilities of this school in every
direction. The comfortable accommodations furnished by the new
building, King Hall, the additions to the chemical and philos-
ophical apparatus, the large number of excellent books which
have been added to the library and the division of the work of
instruction into well-defined departments have j)laced this school
in the very front rank of the educational institutions in the State.
The next session of that admirable institution, the Hills-
boro School, will begin on February 6, 1885. We learn from
the Paleigh Register that this school was opened on July 15,
1859, by Miss Sally K. Nash, Miss Maria Nash, and Miss Sarah
J. Kollock, daughters and niece of the late venerable Chief- Jus-
tice Nash, and has remained in their charge for twenty-five years.
In all these years not a single death has ever occurred in the
school, not a single case of contagious or very severe sickness — -
nor finy suspension of school duties on any account whatever,
except the usual holidays. The three co-principals are well known
and distinguished for rare intellectual culture, for unusual ele-
gance and grace of manner, for a peculiar aptness in imparting
instruction, and a wonderful executive power in governing with
perfect ease, harmony and order. The best of North Carolina
women, pupils learn from precept and example the best and truest
attributes of genuine womanhood, refinement, grace, piety, and
womanly sympathy.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY,
PROCEEDLNGS.
Haywood White Sulphur Springs (Near Wayxesville),
Thursday, June 26, 1884.
NINTH DAY — MORNING SESSION.
The meeting was called to order at 10 o'clock, bv President
Fray, and prayer oiFered by Rev. W. E. Mcllwaiue.
The Committee on Name made their report, recommending
that the name, "North Carolina Teachers' Assembly," be contin-
ued for the present, and the report was adopted.
Mr. R. S. Arrowood offered some amendments to the Consti-
tution, also a resolution fixing a quorum of the Executive Com-
mittee at three members with the chairman, and permitting the
business to be transacted by correspondence, all of which were
adopted.
The following resolutions were offered by Mr. R. S. Arrowood
and unanimously adopted by a standing vote :
Bewlved, That the North Carolina Teacher be the oflicial organ of the
Assembly.
Resolved, That the hearty thanKs of the Assembly be tendered Mr. Eugene G.
Harrell for his earnest and successful efforts in oi'ganizing this Assembly, and for
the profit and pleasure he has furnished thereby.
Resolved, That our thanks be returned to the press of the State, especially the
VV'aynesville News, for manj- favors shown to the Assembly in aiding the organiza-
tion by kind and liberal circulation of information.
Resolved, That thanks be tendered to Col. A. B. Andrews and also to other rail-
road officials of the State ; to the citizens of Waynesville and \'icinity : also to
Mr. Timberlake, the proprietor of Haywood White Sulphur Springs, for their
many acts of kindness which have so greatly contributed to our enjoyment.
Upon motion, all the persons in attendance upon this .session
3f the Assembly were elected to permanent membership.
THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER, 287
A Committee on Arrangements was then appointed, consisting
of the following persons: J. J. Fray, E. G. Harrell and E,. S.
Arrowood.
The blackboard showing the first subject for consideration this
morning to be "Geography and Map Drawing," the President
introduced Mr. J. W, Gilliam, of Morton's kStore, as the first
speaker.
Mr. Gilliam then drew on the blackboard an outline map of
the State for the purpose of illustrating his topic, and said :
"Goods well bought, are half sold," aud as the aged lawyer stated to the
jouTig lawyer, "The important point in conducting a suit successfully lies in
having a plenty of good witnesses," even so in imparting instruction, there is
nothing equal to a good medium, and this we find in the subject of Geography.
Correctly speaking, it is the world we live in; it is over our head, under our
feet, and as a covering round about us : hence by it the mind is at once engaged
and held, as it were, under the guidance of a competent teacher — spell-bound.
And thus, as page after page of this great book of nature — God's text-book to
man — is turned, new points of interest are presented and new beauties arise,
affording food and pleasure to the mind, and thus becomes a most excellent
medium for imparting instruction. And when considered in detail — physicallj^,
mathematically and politically — the subject is sufliciently extensive to engage
pupils during our longest terms or sessions.
As to Map Drawing, perhaps there is no other auxiliar}' so potent in assisting
to a quick and lasting impression of Geography as this, and, therefore, should be
encouraged and practiced whenever opportunity is afforded.
Mr. Collier Cobb, of Wilson Graded School, continued the
subject in a very entertaining aud iustructive manner, as follows :
I have usually introduced beginners to the study of geography by telling them
the story of the Creation, of the two accounts we have, the one contained in the
Bible, and the other inscribed on the rocks, the great Book of Nature. I have
told them of Maury, Hugh Miller and Agassiz, and the pleasure and profit to be
gained by asking nature questions. Children eagerly lay hold on all that can be
taken in through the senses, and the little folks who were taught in this way were
very much delighted with some leaves from the i-ecord in the rocks. You may
next explain to them the causes of day and night, the seasons, and — if they are
old enough — latitude and longitude may here be taught. After the children have
learned the fornix of land around the school-house, take up the grand divisions,
for the general construction of a continent is simpler than that of a county, and
they can form as correct notions of its size. Then study the country around you
— the school-yard, the town, hills, valleys, springs, branches, rivers. Study the
forms of land, the animals, plants and rocks. Point out and tell to the children
the names of the hills and valleys and streams. Then show them a good map of
288 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
the section and they will soon recognize all the localities. (I have not yet used
the moulding-board in the scbool-room, but will do so next session). Take them
out into the woods; let them make actual measurements; have them gather
the rocks and the plants and tell what they learn by examining them; train the
children to observe accurately, to think lor themselves. The boy becomes an
original investigator ; he feels that there is something in geography that he can
enjoy, and he is glad when the hour of recitation comes that he maj' have his say
and learn what his class-mates have found out. Next study the county and State
and begin the collection of minerals, plants, etc.; ask the pupils to bring in
specimens ; have thera tell what they can about them, and give lessons occasion-
ally on the commoner rocks and plants.
The speaker then drew upon the board a map of North Caro-
lina, relating as he went along the traditional and authentic his-
tory of the State's boundary lines and interesting legends asso-
ciated with the different rivers. He pointed out the early settlers
of the diifereut sections of the State and told some stories illus-
trating the customs and peculiarities of the people of the diifereut
nationalities. ,
" Have the pupils read the newspapers, travellers' biographies,
stories of adventure, such books as the 'Zig Zag Journeys' and
Towle's Heroes of History." Make the countries about which
they study real."
The President announced that the next topic for discussion
was the very important one of "Good Government in School,'^
to be introduced by Prof. Hugh Morson, of the Raleigh Male
Academy,
The speaker, after dwelliug briefly upon the vital importance
of preserving order and discipline as indisj^ensable to the welfare
and successful management of every school, proceeded to discuss
the subject in detail, upon the following outline :
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF OKDER IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM.
I. The necessary qualification on the part of the teacher:
(a) A proper conception of the respousibilit\" assumed.
(b) Enthusiasm and devotion to his calling. ^
(c) Self-control.
(d) Confidence in bis own ability to govern.
(e) Promptness in deciding and firmness in executing.
//. 3feans to be employed by the teacher :
(a) Necessity of impressing pupils at the start that obedience must be rendered.
(b) Providing full and regular employment for each pupil. Idleness the chief
cause of disorder.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 289
(c) A mininium of rules.
■(d) Exciting au interest among pupils in their studies.
(e) Establishing a healthy moral tone and proper esprit de corps in the school.
<f) Uniformity and inflexibility in matters of discipline,
( { (a) Reproof.
I (b) Detention.
I (I) Proper, - (o) Deprivation.
I (d) Tasks,
(g) Penalties. I 1 (e) Corporal.
1 r(a) Threats,
(2) Improper, .j(gg«;^|-
( [ (d j Indignities,
Prof. Albert Andersou, of Middleburg, said we must be public
servants and not tyrants in the school-room. Make a good
impression upon your pupils and they may be easily governed.
Act towards them in such a way as to make them love you and
they will obey very willingly.
Rev. W. B. Harrell held that children do not naturally desire
to break the rules of school, and if the teacher thoroughly con-
trols himself his school may be controlled.
At this stage of the proceedings a letter was read from Mrs. A,
E. Pease, of Asheville, Acting President of the Woman's Chris-
tian Temperance Union, laying before the Assembly the impor-
tance of this work and asking that the active co-operation of the
teachers be given to this branch of the temperance cause.
Rev. W. E. Mcllwaine offered some interesting remarks upon
the question, commenting largely upon this important work of
the women, and asked that the teachers try to interest their pupils
in the great matter of temperance.
Upon motion. Prof. H. W. Reinhart was appointed chairman
of a committee to take the letter of Mrs. Pease under considera-
tion and report to-morrow such action as it was deemed advisable
for the Assembly to take with the matter.
Adjourned till to-morrow.
290 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
TENTH DAY MORNING SESSION.
Friday; June 27, 1884.
This is the last day of the session, and on every face there
seems to be a look of general regret that the pleasant gathering
is now drawing to an end and the pariijig scenes are soon to occur.
The session of the morning was opened with prayer, led by
Rev. W. B. Harrell.
President Fray then announced that Miss Mary V. Wood-
ward, of Spartanburg, S. C, would, by special request, deliver an
essay upon the "Dignity of the Teacher's Calling." This admir-
able paper was read by Miss Woodward in a very pleasant man-
ner and secured the closest attention of the hearers. She said :
What I say this morning, though in some degree applicable to all, Is more to
the primaiy than the college instructor, more to the public than the private
school teacher. It 'is the expression, in part, of a conviction that has come
through personal experience and observation, a conviction that the teacher's oiBce
is underestimated by many upon whom its duties rest.
Normal institutes and annual teachers' conventions are a hopeful sign, they
show that we are awakening to some appreciation of our needs, but they do not
prove that we are fully alive to our privileges ; and I fear that some of us who sit
in these assemblies still lack that faith in our calling which is the only inspiration
to its best work.
Not to have this faith is fatal — fatal to our financial interest, the lowest consid-
eration ; to our personal development, and to the State, of whose interests we, as
the trainers of its future directors, stand as guardians.
This undervaluing is, I think, attributable to several causes, ani prominent
among them are aristocratic prejudice, the conservatism of thought and custom
growing out of that prejudice, and the deepening of our hereditary bias by every
force, positive or negative of our education. We have been — I am glad I may put
it in the past tense — intensely Bourbon. We have had false standards of worth.
It took just what we have had, the shock of war and the stern discipline of
poverty, to overturn these and bring us into the right attitude toward the life of
the present.
A Southern woman of high lineage, whose idea of aristocratic dignity was con-
travened by a proposition from some less squeamish friend, answered, "Tie can-
not do that ; you know we are better born than most people." Such, alas ! has
been our key-note when all the world about us was "ringing down the grooves of
change " and shouting the pneons of progress. We could not do this and we could
not do that because, forsooth, we, who had a hijndred grandfathers, must not be
found marching in line with men who were their own grandfathers ! And when
the war came with its upheavals and disintegrations, we cried that w'c were
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 291
mined — we cursed the hand that dragged us from the ditch, not knowing that the
poverty that came upon us was like the claj' upon the blind man's eyes, that
stopped but to clear them. It is to be feared there is still too much of this feel-
ing with us, staying our chariot wheels.
Is it not true that the white hands extended to draw the sons and daughters of
the people up the heights of knowledge, too often tingle to their finger-tips with
aristocratic repulsion ? But we are not tft remember that snub-nosed Tommie is
the carpenter's sou, and freckled, uncomely Susie the milliner's daughter. What
right have we to be thinking of the contact of hands, when soul is touching soul
and the friction kindling immortal fires ? It is the high question of duty that is
before us and we dare not set it aside for false taste and sentimental prejudice.
I said this undervaluing was hurtful to our financial interest : Surely, if by our
necessities we are forced to some work repugnant to us, it is the blindest fatuity
to make that work harder by brooding over our fancied ill-fortune : It will not do
to be shaking our fists in the faces of people we have to live with.
Perfunctory performance of any duty kills the soul of it — there can be no excel-
lence where there is no earnestness ; there can be no reward where there is no
excellence. If you do not want to be a teacher, and yet have to be, I beseech
3'ou, O son, O daughter of earth, in the name of your pocket-book and personal
comfort, be as good a one as j'ou can !
Come now to the higher considerations of this question — its mental and spiritual
bearing. Mental power gets its cultivation with exercise. Some may object that
this exercise is impossible to the school-room on account of the relative inequality
in ability and acquirement between teacher and pupil ; but there is no earnest
teacher that does not know that his best activities are called into play in dealing
with the most immature or defective minds, and no man may dare enter the nar-
rowest fi^eld of education, with hope of success, unless he has done much better
than 'brush the extreme circle of the sciences with dainty skirt.' We are to
know that ere we take the hand of the smallest child to lead him across the
threshold of knowledge, it behooves us to be familiar with its penetralia.
So much for the mental aspect. The moral is even more serious ; it may be possi-
ble to stand alone intellectually, but we are " singed " with the moral world : every
moral impulse of ours infringes upon our neighbor, and in its reflex action falls
back upon us. We dare not, through exaggerated conception of our merits and
deserts, or for love of ease, or for any other consideration, ignore or trifle with a
fact that makes such high responsibility. We are Christians ! We believe that
the life beyond is the continuation of this, and that we take there just the place
for which this has prepared us. We cannot fail to know that this preparation
can only come with the noble doing of every day's work. Can there be a noble
doing where we do not believe the work worth doing?
This is the more personal aspect of the moral side ; the other, our influence over
the children committed to our care, I can only touch upon. I stand awed in the
presence of its boundless responsibilitj' !
This age is not worse than others, not so bad as some, but still it is corrupt in
politics, sceptical in religion and loose in morals. Its complex life doubles the
problems of simpler times, and to the solution of these problems must be brought
the steadiest patience, the coolest head, the strongest nerve — all those powers
that, though making a part of Nature's endowment, can be brought to their per-
fect flower onlj^ by the most careful cultivation. At the same time this is not so
much au age of passion and revolution as of reason and reform — earthquakes and
5
292 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
volcanoes have played their part, and now the gentle, but no less powerful forces
of frost and snow and softl}'-fallin2: rain are doing theirs — these type the work of
the school-room.
It is a trite thing to say that streams can be purified only at their sources, but
I would risk a thousand platitudes to stress this belief : that if we would have the
next generation reach the highest possible point of advance, it must be through
the proper training of the bodies, minds and souls of the children that are to
make its men and women. The eyes of thoughtful people are not upon them-
selves or each other to-daj', but upon the little ones standing at their sides, holding
in their baby fingers the hopes and possibilities of the future. Ours is the task of
strengthening these fingers for the holding and fulfilling.
I believe the best teacher of the nineteenth century to be at once its highest
exponent and most potent influence. I believe, and I appeal to history for a
sanction to this belief, that the estimation in which the teaching profession is
held is the gauge of the civilization of any period, and that apj^reciation of
teachers' work is the mark of genuine progress. Twice in history, in Egypt and
under Papal rule, we find the office of priest and teacher combined, and the super-
structure of the State resting upon it. Egyptian civilization was the earliest, and
the priest-teacher was its maker and controller ; Grecian civilization was the best
of ancient times and its thought was moulded in the schools of those priest-
teachers, Socrates and Plato. In the Middle Ages, when retrogression had taken
the place of progress — when civilization seemed dead, it was the priest-teacher
that stood by its pujseless body and, when the resurrection trump of thought
sounded, took off the burial clothes and stood it on its feet again. So much for
precedent, if we must have precedent before believing in ourselves ; but, teachers,
better than historical dignitj' is a thorough appreciation of your calling. I would
intensify in you a sense of the sacredness and high possibilit}' of your work.
You cannot succeed without this, but this, kindly mingled with common sense
and efficient methods will realize for the nineteenth century the dream of Archi-
medes— the modern teacher will handle the lever that moves the world.
Miss Nettie Marshall, a teacher in the Institute for the Deaf
and Dumb and the Blind, at Raleigh, then read a carefully prepared
essay, setting forth a very entertaining and clear idea of the diffi-
culties and the successes attending her work in teaching the deaf
and dumb.
Upon motion, the essays delivered by Misses Goodloe, Pescud,
Marshall and Woodward were requested for publication in the
North Carolina Teacher.
Upon motion of Prof. H. W. Reinhart, the constitution was
amended to the effect that membership in the Assembly should
be accessible to all acceptable persons who are interested in edu-
cation.
The committee on the letter of Mrs. Pease, concerning the
Woman's Christian Temperance Union, submitted the following
report :
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 293
Whereas, communications from Mrs. Mary C. Wood}- and Mrs. A. E. Pease,
acting President W. C. T. U. of North Carolina, asking to have the subject of
Temperance brought before our body and a day given to its discussion, and desir-
ing to give respectful attention and reply to the requests of these earnest and
enthusiastic fellow-laborers in the great work of uplifting society and advancing
the highest interests of mankind ; therefore,
Resolved, That while we regard the subject of Temperance and the great Tem-
perance movement in our country as a matter of pre-eminent importance and
heartily wish it Godspeed, and while we as Christian teachers recognize our holy
and bounden duty to lend it our aid, individually by our personal influence,
example and instructions, and as far as may be practicable by the use of such
books on Hygienic Physiology in the school-room as teach the injurious and
destructive effects of alcoholic stimulants upon the human system ; still, we do
not regard the subject of Temperance as coming within the scope and distinctive
objects of our organization, and do not deem it advisable to make it a subject of
discussion before our bod3'.
H. W. PvEINHART, Chairman.
After some earnest remarks by Rev. W. E. Mcllwaine, favor-
ing the report, it was, upon motion, unanimously adopted.
The President having stated the first topic for discussion this
morning as " Value of the Teacher to the State," Prof. H. W.
Reinhart introduced the subject by a most spirited address.
Mr. George W. Sparger, County Superintendent of Surry
County, continued the subject in eloquent words, setting forth the
many claims which the teachers had upon the State for the great
advantages which every occupation in life had derived from the
teachers' work and influence.
Rev. E. W. Faucette said that the value of the teachers' work
was indispensable to every town or village, and the town that
would not appreciate this value and pay a good, honest price to
any good teacher, was certainly doomed, and deserved to be.
Prof. I. L. Wright said "character is what the man is — reputa-
tion is what he is said to be. The value of a man is determined
by his character. The teacher proper is the builder of good char-
acter, not only in himself, but in his pupils — not only of mind,
but of heart. As with the individual, so with the collective man.
The type of character in communities and States is determined
by the teachers, public and private. The weal or woe of the
State depends upon the character of its citizenship. In other
words, the salvation of the State directly and indirectly depends
upon the wise and good teacher."
294 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
This discussion was exceedingly interesting, and the thoughts
brought out were such as to encourage every feithful over-worked
teacher, who becomes despondent and is often inclined to quit the
work, feeling that all his labor is for naught and totally without
appreciation on the part of pupils and patrons.
Prof. Alex. Mclver being appointed speaker upon the second
topic, "Compulsory Education," then proceeded to a considera-
tion of the subject in a manner which plainly showed his thor-
ough familiarity with the question. He held the opinion that
North Carolina ought to educate her children ; the State must
provide good schools, and if the children will not voluntarily
take advantage of the privileges, they must be forced to do so.
We have laws compelling people to pay taxes for providing
schools and we ought to have a law forcing them to vSend their
children to the schools thus provided.
Prof. Reinhart agreed fully with the idea advanced and felt
that it would not be lony; before there would be a o-rand awaken-
iug throughout the State upon this matter.
Mr. R. S. Arrowood offered a resolution to the effect that the
committee on Arrangements should have power to select the place
of next meeting in case of necessity.
The Secretary then ann(juncod that the business of this session
of the Assembly was finished and the time had come for final
adjournment. He expressed many regrets that this delightful
"•atherino; of teachers was so soon to end. The session had been
an exceedingly pleasant one; eVery person has joined most heartily
in all the exercises and enjoyments of the occasion as if they were
all members of one pleasant family, and we now scarcely realized
that no lon<>;er than a month aoo we were strangers to erne
another. This parting was a sad one, because the thought was
ever present that no matter how strong had become the friend-
ships here formed, we would not all be present at another meet-
ing.
Upon the motion to adjourn, the President arose and in most
touching words alluded to the pride which he had felt at being-
chosen to preside over the first session of the Teachers' Assembly.
IX IMEMORIAM.
JOHN J. FRAY
PRINCIPAL RALEIGH MALE ACADEMY.
PRESIDENT NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.
Born in Madison County, Va., May 23, I 840.
Died in Raleigh, Tuesday, December 23, 1884.
A HIGH-TONED CHRISTIAN GENTLEMAN, ONE OF THE
FOREMOST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL EDUCATORS
IN THE state; UNIVERSALLY BELOVED
IN LIFE AND UNIVERSALLY
MOURNED IN DEATH.
HE LEAVES A DEVOTED WIFE, AND ONE CHILD (A
LITTLE GIRL) SIX YEARS OF AGE.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 295
" I thauk you heartily for the great honor conferred upon me,
and for tlie kind co-operation which you have all given to our
niof^t delightful work. The Assembly has been a grand success
in all the details of the session, and it is now fully equipped and
organized for a long life of the greatest influence and usefulness
in North Carolina. Many ideas have been developed during our
meeting, and many principles of teaching explained which will
give to each teacher here something practical to carry home that
may be carefully considered and made the basis of future useful-
ness and success in the school-room. I am glad that I came to
this grand meeting, we are all glad we are here, for the pleasures;
and benefits of the session have been very great. We now know
one another better as faithful fellow-workers in trying to educate
the children of our State, the acquaintances here formed have
been exceedingly pleasant and their memory will serve to encour-
age and strengthen us, and help us to surmount many of the
difficulties and annoyances wdiich lie along the teacher's path.
May this session of the Assembly be but the first of many a
delii^htful meeting in the future of the teachers of the State, and
may its influences widen until every teacher in North Carolina is
working within its folds."
The pending motion was then submitted to a vote, and the
North Carolina Teachers' Assembly adjourned sine die.
JOHN J. FRAY, President.
Eugene G. Harrell, Secretary.
MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY-CONTINUED.
Miss M. Bessent, Coocord. Miss Irene Grimsle}', Snow Hill.
G. D. Meares, Raleigh. Rev. Thos. W, Smith, Concord.
Miss Blanche B. Pendleton, Warrenton. S. M. Gattis, Rome,
Miss Anna Watson, Huntersville. Miss L. C. Kelly, Island Ford.
R. T. Bonner, Aurora. Miss Mollie W. Gunter, Third Creek.
EDITORIAL.
¥HflT WE MM EXPECT.
We have spoken with a large number of members of the Leg-
islature concerning the public school system of our State, All
manifest considerable interest in the matter, assuring us that they
will endeavor to remedy the defects which now exist and provide
for North Carolina a system of public schools which shall be
equal to any other in the Union, The excellent Normal Schools,
the great Chautauqua movement and the many good meetings oi
county teachers' associations have created a universal demand for
popular education throughout the State, and we do not think that
the present Legislature can fail to heed the voice of the people in
calliug for more schools, longer schools and better schools.
We return hearty thanks to Mr, J, W. Starnes, County
Superintendent of Buncombe, for many kind courtesies extended
to us during a recent visit to Asheville,
Major S. M, Finger, our new^ Superintendent of Public
Instruction, is now in Raleigh giving very careful attention to all
the details in revising our public school system.
The North Carolina Teachers' Asse]N[bly is one of the
most social, refined, progressive and cultured organizations to be
found on this continent, and well may the State be proud of such
splendid esprit de corps as is seen in this gi'cat association of her
teachers.
Many thanks to the great number of teachers who have sent
us interestins; new's items from their schools. We want to hear
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 297
from every live school in the State, and hope that teachers will
not fail to send us copies of every catalogue or circular which they
ma\^ issue.
County Superintendents of Public Instruction, principals
of schools and teachers will confer a favor by sending to the editor
any item of school intelligence, such as opening of new schools,
change in teachers, building of new school-houses, &c., &c., for
publication in the Teacher.
Have you paid your fee for membership in the Teachers'
Assembly ? There are no paid officers in this organization, all
the services being freely rendered, and the amount contributed in
membership fees is all returned to the members in securing emi-
nent educators for instructors and in providing extra conveni-
ences for the Assembly work.
The Waterbury watches which we have sent out as pre-
miums with the Teacher have given perfect satisfaction. It is
a neat, reliable time-piece, and will do as good service as a fifty
dollar watch. Send us ten annual subscribers to the Teacher,
and we ^vill forward a Waterbury watch to you by mail, post-
paid.
A VERY VALUABLE feature of the session of the Teachers'
Assembly will be the Teachers' Bureau, which is to be organized
on the first day of the session for the purpose of securing a good
.school for every teacher and a good teacher for every school. The
"Bureau" may be consulted every day, and no charge will be
made for any services rendered by it.
The "Watauga Club" of Raleigh has been discussing the
needs of an Industrial School in North Carolina. The meetings
have been attended by some of the leading members of the Legis-
lature, and they have expressed a perfect willingness to vote a
good State appropriation for this purpose if organized on a proper
basis. We hope, ere long, to see such an institution in our State
as will educate the hands to skillful work, as w^ell as the minds to
careful thought.
298 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The New Bern Journal comes to our relief in the matter
of spelling the name of its town. It states that in the oldest
books in the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court for Craven
county (dating; back to 1713) it is written Newbern," and it is
said that it is so written in the act incorporating the town. Rev.
L. C. Vass, of New Bern, visited the capital of Switzerland last
summer, and says he saw the name of that city in large letters in
the cars and other public places, without the final "e." We also
find it "Bern" in the map accompanying Cram's Illustrated
Family Atlas of the World.
The place for holding the next session of the Teachers'
Assembly is now chosen. It is one of the most attractive and
healthful of all our delightful mountain resorts, every arrange-
ment is now made for a splendid programme of highly instructive
exercises and most enjoyable recreation, the full co-operation of
railroads and hotel proprietors has been secured, thus reducing
the expenses of the mountain visit to a remarkably low point;
now let every teacher in the State, whetlier in search of health,
rest, recreation, or improvement, or all of these things, be sure to
attend the session, and you will be amply repaid for your visit.
We make no promises for the new year, except to say that in
the editorial management of the Teacher we intend to continue,
as heretofore, our most faithful efforts towards building up North
Carolina schools and in aiding our teachers to obtain such "recom-
pense of reward " as their earnest and conscientious work demands.
With these desirable objects in view, we ask your full co-operation
in the work. Let us hear from your school, help us extend the
circulation of the Teacher, write your views upon educational
topics, give us some account of the new methods which you are
trying with success, and tell us about the county institutes and
meetings of your Teachers' dissociations.
What are you going to do during your summer vacation
towards improving yourself as a teacher, and your school work?
The State has provided most excellent Normal Schools for you,
and the teachers have provided for themselves a delightful gather-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHIilR. 299
ing among our inagnifioent inoiintains for objects of health, rest,
recreation, aequaiutanco and mutual intellectual benefit. Are you
going to remain at home and continue in the "old ruts" of teach-
ing, or will you take advantage of some of these excellent oppor-
tunities for enlarging your ideas of education and improving your
methods of instruction? The teachers who give most time to
preparation are the ones who become most valuable and are chosen
to the best and most I'emuuerative positions. This is a natural
law of ''business," and rules in every profession or occupation.
SBOUT OUR TESCHERS.
Mr. L. A. Falls is teacliiug near Icard Station,
Miss Kate Miller will teach music at Kinston.
Miss Florence Baugh is teaching near Raleigli.
Mr. Fields has a flourishing school at Tiiscarora.
Miss Lizzie Oliver has a full sclinol at Vanceboro.
Mr. John Blanton has a flonrishing school atUastonia.
Mr. Isaac Fort is teaching near Aubnrn, \\ ake county.
Miss Belle Bryan is teaching in Jonesboro High School.
Mr. J. R. Rust, of Burke county, is teaching near Raleigh.
Mr. C. W. Britton lias built up a good school at Princeton.
Mr. S. A. Holleman is teaching in Graham Normal College.
Miss Mamie Barrett has a promising scliool at Franklinton.
Miss Ada Owen will teach a school near Gary, Wake county.
Miss Octavia Gregory is teaching in Westfield High School.
Mr. F. M. Trivett has a good school at Sand^^, Wilkes county.
Mr. Lewis Williams takes charge of St. Paul's School, W^aco.
Prof, (tore, of tlie University, spent the holidays in Baltimore.
Prof. McNeal is in charge of the Male Academy of Reidsville.
Miss .Jennie Randolph, of Pitt, is teaching in Beaufort county.
Mr. J. L. English is teaching near Tui-npike, Buncombe coimty.
Prof. W. A. Flint is principal of an excellent school at Dalton.
300 THE NORTH CAEOLKSTA TEACHER.
Mrs. S. R. Dixon is Principal of Clarella Institute at Snow HilL
; Mr. Egbert C. Gulley is teaching at Clayton, Johnston county.
Miss Lou Purcell has retired from Laiirinbnrg Female Institute.
Mr. E. Y. Perry, of Trenton Academy, will remove to Hookerton.
Miss Linba Rand is teaching near Garner's Station, Wake county.
Miss Ilda Stone is teaching near Fernando Ward's, in Pitt county.
Mrs. a. J. Moore is teaching music in the Academy at Whitaker's.
Mr. J. T. BoLLiNG is in charge of the school at Apex, Wake county.
Miss Mollie Bracken is teaching at Rocky Ridge, Cabarrus county.
Mr. J. W. Causey is Principal of the Male Academy at Thomasville.
Mr. J. F. Coffee has a good school at Shull's Mill, Caldwell county.
Mr. J. M. SiEES is Principal of Mt. Energy School, Granville county.
Mrs. R. F. Cheshire is Assistant Teacher in Edenton Graded School.
Miss Ella Mitchell, of Huntersville, spent her holidays at Raleigh.
Miss LuLA A. vSpeed is teaching at Mrs. Cotten's, in Edgecombe county.
Miss Lucy Ranes is teaching near Wake Forest College, W^ike county.
Mr. S. J. Bigger? is Principal of Rocky River Academy, Stanly county.
Mr. L. M. Climer is teaching penmanship in Pleasant Lodge Acadeniy.
Miss E. J. McFarland is teaching at McNatt's Station, Robeson county.
Miss Alice Temple is teaching in Wake Forest township. Wake county.
Miss Eva Price is teaching music in Albemarle Academy, Stanly county.
Mr. Willis Parker is teaching school on Moses Creek, .Jackson county
,Mr. John T. Paris has a live school at Bethany Church, near Statesville.
Mr. a. C. Monroe, of Cumberland county, is teaching at Oakdale Academy.
Miss Roella Davis, of Alamance county, is teaching near Trinity College.
Miss Grace Wilson has a fine school at Brownsville, in Granville county.
Miss Mami:^ Fleming;, of Raleigh, will take a school in Caldwell county.
Mr. S. M. Gattis is Pi-incipal of Wentwortli Academy, Johnston county.
Miss Fannie Cobb will open a select school for boys and girls at Hickory.
Miss Anna Thomas, of Wilson, is teaching a select school at Old Ford.
Miss Minnie M. Martin is assistant teacher in the .\cademy at Sandy
Ridge.
Miss Emma Scales will rebuild Reidsville Seminary, which was recently
burned.
Mr. R. B. Shelton is teaciiing a mathematical school at Tito, Haywood
ct)untv.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 301
Miss Belle Worthy is assisting Prof. R. J. Davis in the Jonesboro High
School.
Mr. Henry Chappell is teaching at the Rolesville Academy, Wake
county.
Mr. R. H. Freeland has a most promising school at Trap Hill, Wilkes
county.
Miss Emma Ingold, who teaches near Monbo, spent her holidays at
Hickory.
Miss Eliza Johnson is assistant teacher in Mason's Academy at Gibson's
Station.
Miss Chloe Biggs has charge of the primary department of Williamston
Academy.
Miss Maggie Conigland, of Weldon, will soon open a school for girls at
Woodland.
Mr. J. Y. JoYNER, of Winston Graded School, spent his holidays at
LaGrange.
Mr. Ed. F. Wakefield is teaching in the CoTf>ening neighborhood, Cald-
well county.
Mr. J. D. Morgan is Assistant Principal of Pleasant Hill Academy, Johns-
ton county.
Miss CarriiJ Pell has charge of the Music Department of the Jonesboro
High School.
Rev. D. McIntyre continues as Principal of Jackson Springs School,
Moore county.
Miss Lillie Veach has had a very successful school at Valle Crucis,
Wilkes county.
Miss Brownie Johnson is teaching music in the Troy Academy, Mont-
gomery county.
Miss Annie Timberlake, of Murfreesboro Female College, spent Christ-
mas at Raleigh.
L. N. Chappell, A. B., is Tutor of Languages and Mathematics in Wake
Forest College.
Mr. Davis Dean, of West's Mill, Macon county, is now teaching at Dah-
lonega, Georgia.
Miss Lula McIver is teaching drawing and painting in the Pocket School,
Moore county.
President Taylor, of Wake Forest College, has been on a visit to the
Northern cities.
Miss Bertha Hargrove is teaching music in Mr. F. P. Wyche's school at
Gibson's Station.
302 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Mr. J. F. Hamilton lias over sixty pupils in his school at Brownsville,
Richmond connty.
Mr. T. J. Chilt>cutt has charge of a good awulemic school at Hartshorn,
Alamance county.
Prof. M. F. Foster is Principal of the Mana Academy. He has an enroll-
ment of 75 pupils.
Mrs. Dr. MaloneIs in charge of the tniisic department in Loiiisburg Prac-
tical High School.
Prof. Charles E. Hodgin, late of Indiana, will open a private school
near Shnfordsville.
Miss Ella Ross has charge of the primary department of Albemarle .Acad-
emy, IStanly connty.
Miss Belle McKay, of Harnett, will take charge of a school near Morris-
ville, Wake county.
Mr. T. C Land, late of Coos county, Oregon, has opened a school at Mt.
Zion, Wilkes county.
Rev. W. C. Nowell has assumed full control of the High School at Clay-
ton, Johnston county.
Miss Rosa Harr'is has charge of the Prin)ary Department of Louisburg
Practical High School.
Mr. Geo. W. Jones, late of the Clayton School, has opened a school near
Auburn, Wake county.
Miss Laura Doub is in charge of the Music Department of Bethel
Academy, Pitt county.
Prof. J. S. Midyette, well known in Eastern North Carolina, is teaching
at Wheatley, Arkansas.
Prof. J. F. Spainhour will take charge of Globe Academy, Caldwell
count)', in August next.
Miss Irene Grimsley resumed the exercises of her school near Snow
Hill on the 20th instant.
Miss Mary Goodloe, of Marion High School, spent the Christmas holi-
days in Washington City.
Captain R. W. Joyner has been engaged as Principal of Oak Grove
Academy, Beaufort county.
Miss Eva Twitty has accepted a position as teacher of music in Mrs.
McGilvary's school at Jonesboro.
Prof. W. V. vSavage has accepted the position of Principal of Westfield
High School, Guilford county.
Mr. Robert Ward, Principal of Bethel Academy, Pitt county, is meeting
with deserved success in patronage.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 303
Pkof. J. Dan. Miller, Principal of Centieville Academy, Pitt county,
spent Ills Christmas in Kinston.
Miss Emma Clark (a granddangliter of tiie late Gov. H. T. Clark) is a
teaciier in Marion High .School.
Miss E. F. Henry, Music Teacher in Claremont College, Hickory, spent
her holidays in Caldwell county.
Miss Cora A. Thompson is meeting witli great success as Principal of
Harlowe School, Carteret county.
Mr. p. Wyche is Principal of Mason's Academy at Gibson's Station, and
has just begun a prosperous term.
Miss Flora Caison, of Caldwell, has taken a position as governess in the
family of Col. Bridgers at Tarboro.
Miss Mamie A. Todd has resigned her position as a teacher in Waynes-
ville High School, Haywood county.
Miss Selma Snyder has been engaged to superintend the primary depart-
ment of the Elizabeth City Academy.
Mr. D. W. Michael, late of Alamance county, has taken charge of the
High School at Tyro, Davidson county.
Miss Julia P. Spencer, of Peace Institute, has returned from Europe,
where she been perfecting herself in art.
Prof. J. M. Bandy, of King's Mountain High School, has accepted the
chair of Mathematics in Trinity College.
ft
Mrs. S. p. Caldwell, Music Teacher in Waynesville High School, spent
her holidays with relatives at Reidsville.
Prop. A. Kuhnert, an old and experienced music teacher, from Winches-
ter, Va., has opened a scliool at Goldsboro.
Mr. a. J. McNeill has a good school at Sanford, and prospects are bright
for a large increase of patronage this term.
Rev. O. L. Stringfield is meeting deserved success in the management of
the High School at Wakefield, Wake county.
Miss M. A. Ddnston is teacher of Latin, French, English Literature,
music and drawing in Williamston Academy.
Miss Fannie Noland is teaching on lower Fine's Creek, Haywood
county, where she is giving great satisfaction.
Miss Hannah Allen \vill give one lesson a week on book-keeping to the
higher grade in the New Bern Graded School.
Prof. E. W. Kenneday, Principal of Durham Graded School, spent his
Christmas holidays with friends at Goldsboro.
Miss Latjrah Wood's school at Hickory Grove, Lenoir county, is in a more
prosperous condition than at any previous time.
304 THE XORTH CAROLTXA TEACHER.
Prof. R. J. Davis, Principal of Jonesboro High School, reports his school
in a more prosperous condition than ever before.
Prof. D. L. Ellis, of the New Bern Graded School, is training his voice
with a view of teaching vocal music to his class.
, Mr. Jos. Bradfield, formerly County Superintendent, is teaching a
flourishing school in the northern part of Stokes.
Mr. G. W. McDougald is teaching near Little River Academy, and has
an enrollment of one hundred and thirty students.
Mr. C. L. Smith has retired from the Raleigh Male Academy to take a
place on the editorial staff of the Biblical, Recorder.
Prof. A. Baker, who for six years occupied a chair in Yadkin College, is
now a meaiber of the Faculty of Oakdale Academy.
Mr. Charles F. SherrIll, c\ graduate of Raudolpli Macon College, is
teaching a large school for boys and girls at Concord.
Mr. L. T. Buchanan has been elected as a teacher in tiie Centennial
Graded School, Raleigh, vice Rev. R. P. Pell, resigned.
Prof. H. W. Reinhart, of Thomasville Female College, was in Raleigh
a few days ago, attending the Grand Lodge of Masons.
Mr. R. T. Bonner, of Aurora, has presented the editor of the Washington
Gazette with an admirably drawn map of Beaufort county.
Mr. Will S. Devane, of Wilmington, who has been teaching at Savan-
nah, Ga., died there December 31st, at the age of twenty.
Mr. W. D. McIver, Associate Principal of LaGrange Collegiate Insti-
tute, has retired from the school to engage in merchandising.
Rev. L. E. Duncan, Principal of the Southern Normal at Lexington, is
publishing a monthly magazine to be called The Normal Echo.
Mr. R. E. Harris, who has been teaching near Lovelady, Caldwell county,
has been compelled to suspend his school on account of illness.
Prof. W. H. Michael, a graduate of the University of West Virginia, is
the teacher of Languages in the Louisburg Practical High School.
Prof. Holmes, of the University, is in charge of North Carolina's exhibit
of timber and botanical specimens at the New Orleans Exposition.
Rev. C. H. Bernheim having accepted the Chair of Mathematics in
Concordia College, has removed liis family from Lexington to Conover.
Rev. S. H. Thompson, late of the Lexington Normal School, will, we learn,
remove to Indiana, where he has accepted the pastorate of a Baptist Church.
Prof. Johnson, who has so long filled the Chair of Mathematics in Trinity
College, has, we regret to leai'n, been obliged to resign on account of ill health.
Mr. William A. Long, of Buncombe county (formerly of Tennessee) has
been elected Princii)al of Siioal Creek High School, Qualla, Jackson county.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 305
Rev. Wm. R. Harris, a teacher in St. Augustine Normal School, Raleigh,
and one of the most promising young colored men of the State, died January
17th.
Mr. Ingram lias a very good school near Sparkling Catawba Springs. We
regret to learn tluit his scliool-house was nearly consumed by fire a few days
since.
Mr. J. M. Roberts has charge of Gaston Higii School at Dallas and has
just begun a most promising term. The handsome new brick building is com-
pleted.
Miss Bettie Blair, of Danville, Va., has charge of the Primary Depart-
ment, and is also teaching French and Elocution in Bethel Academy, Pitt
county.
Rev. J. W. Thomas, County Superintendent for Watauga, has closed his
school at Boone, and will devote his entire time to the ministry of the Baptist
(Ihurch.
Miss Lillian Branson (a graduate of Peace Institute), has been elected
a teacher in the Centennial Graded School, Raleigh, vice Miss Fleming,
resigned.
Capt. T. L. Norwood, of Bingiiam School, and Miss Laura Norwood, of
Davenport Female College, spent the holidays with their parents in
Tennessee.
Prop. H. H. Williams, a graduate of our University and of Yale College,
also a Chautauquan, has been elected to the Chairs of Greek and German at
Trinity College.
Miss Clay, of Oak Hill, Virginia (a granddaughter of the great statesman
of that name), will take charge of the music department of Globe Academy,
Caldwell county.
Mr. William Holtbuer, Professor of Modern Languages in Cornwall
Heights School, New York, spent the holidays with his brother. Prof. Holt-
buer, of Clinton, N. C.
Rev. p. R. Law, the efficient Superintendent of Public Instruction for
Chatliam County, has resigned, and will devote his whole time to the ministry
of the Presbyterian Church.
Rev. S. R. Trawick, a distinguished teacher, wlio has been engaged in
South Carolina, has returned to his native State, and has taken a good school
near Shoe Heel, Robeson county.
Rev. O. Hightower is Principal of W^illiamston Academy. He has an
enrollment of ovei- 70, with a new and spacious building, well furnished with
patent desks, wall maps, globes, charts, &c.
Prof. P. B. H. Kenny, late of the Graded School at Roanoke, Virginia
(a graduate of the University at Nashville, Tennessee), has been elected Asso-
ciate Principal of Waynesville High School.
306 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Mr. W. W. Kitchen, Assistant Principal of Vine Hill Male Academy,
Scotland Neck, graduated last June from Wake Forest College, and is making
for himself an enviable reputation as a teacher.
Bishop A. W. Wilson, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has
accepted an invitation to deliver the Annual Sermon at the Universit_v uf
North Carolina at the Commencement in June, 1885.
Rev. J. L. M. Curry, Agent of the Peabody Fund, addressed the mem-
bers of the Legislature and a large audience of citizens in the hall of the House
of Representatives, at Raleigh, on the subject f>f Education^ January 12th.
Mr. Edmund Alexander, Principal of PlymoutJi Academy, President of
the Albemarle Teachers' Association, requests that all teachers desiring the
reorganization of tiiat Association will correspond with him on the subject.
Miss L. C. Kelly has an interesting school at Island Ford, Rutherford
county. We learn that she uses the North Carolina Teacher as a text-
book in reading for one week aftei- each publication, and the pupils enjoy the
change very much.
Prof. J. D. Hodges, a graduate from and formerly a Professor in Trinity
College, has become associated with Prof. Hugh Morson in the management
of Raleigh Male Academy. He is liighly endorsed as an efSoient, energetic
and successful teacher.
Capt. John E. Dugger, Principal of the Warrenton Male Academy, one
of the foremost educators in the State, has, we regret to learn, been suffering
from rheumatism of late. He has been forty years in the school-room, and
has served twenty-six as a teacher.
Prof. John F. McKinnon, late of Brainard Institute, Cranbury, N. J.'
has assumed the principalship of Laurinburg Female Institute, and will open
the Spring session January 19th. He brings the highest testimonials as an
admirable instructor, a first rate disciplinarian, and a kind, considerate,
Christian gentleman.
CUPID SMONG OUR TEHCHERS,
[We hope onr readers will pardon the Holiday freaks of the editorial muse.]
Miss Texie Nooe, of Rutherford College, was married on
December 17th to Mr. J. T. Gardner, of Davie county.
'Tvvas ever thus since Eden's hour.
The Gard'ner plucks the fairest flower.
And Rutherford's beaux are left all blue
Because they've lost sweet Texie Nooe.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 307
Miss Adi>ie Kirkpatricjk, late a teacher in Kinston Graded
^School, was married, December 2od, to Mr. B. F. Niinn, of Kins-
ton, Both were " Chaiitauquans " of 1884.
The Good Book says, in Genesis, two.
That man and wife shall be one;
But here we find the law reversed
For where were two we see Nunn,
Mr. T. M. RoBER^rsoN, Principal of Pleasant Lodge Academy,
Alamance county, was married, December 24th, to Miss Decie
Albright.
Friend Robertson is now all right,
And happy too, as we see;
He has a partner that's Albright
In charming, loving, Decie.
On Christmas eve, in Ocala, Florida, Mrs, A. M. Zimmer-
man, of Pittsboro, a " Chautauquan," was married to Mr. L. J.
Haughton, of Chatham county.
Now, our friend, liow yon surprised us!
In getting married when no one apprised us.
The Teacher will not be outdone.
But to the bride, so slyly won,
Will wish rich blessings by the ton.
Mr, George W. Mewborn, of Snow Hill, was married,
January 1st, to Miss Beatrice Peacock, of LaGrange, Lenoir
county.
A "teacher teaching," George has been —
The calling with vexations fraught, —
But marriage brings to him new honors
And George becomes a "teacher taught."
Miss Ella Fleming, of the Raleigh Graded School, was
married on Wednesday, January 14th, to Mr. Geo. S. Houston,
of Davidson College.
^ver may most fragrant flowers
Lie along her path of life,
lasting joys fill all her hours,
^nd ne'er ajar or word of strife.
.308 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
Mr. jAMPis H. Lindsay, Principal of Kernersville High
School, was married December 25th to Miss Annie R. Seig. The
editor of the Teacher acknowledges the compliment of an invi-
tatitun to the marriage.
Tlie marriage anlliein has been sung,
Tiie wedding bells liave gladly rung,
A Benedict is Lindsay rated,
While his bride .seems Annie-tiiated.
May ne'er an ill a tnnrnent reach her,
Is the sincere wish of The Teacher.
TEfiCHERS' BUREAU.
[4ibg=-THK XiiRi'ji Cauolina Teachkr will recommend all appliciints meutioned in this
il(/|iai'tmeiit, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
'Pr.ACiiEi; and they will be promptly forwarded. We desire to aid every teacher in secnr-
iiiji a gooi.l situation, and no charge is made for t)\e insertion of notices in this depart-
ment.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
44. .\ gentleman, fnU'graduate of Vanderbilt University, desires a school.
He is thoronghly competent and highly recommended.
45. A colored teacher, with nine years' experience, desires a village school.
Modern methods are used.
ENGRAVED EXPRESSLY FOR THE
North Carolina Teacher.
BLACK MOmiAIN STATION AND \TCINn
LOCATION OF
mE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS ASSEMBEl'
1885
Parts ofBimconibe il^Dowell it Yaiicer Comities
From ShatTer's Xen- Ton'/tsftip Map of S. C.
Scale 7 mi/fs^ I inch.
THE
North Carolina Teaclier.'
Vol. II. Raleigh, February. 1885. No. 8.
THE TEICHER'S WIFE,
She forms no hard cast-iron plan
To guide her little school,
Only to do the best she can
And give the golden rule.
Her husband over science pores,
Till eye and thought grow dim ;
She counts the culinary stores,
And covers books for him.
Her desk, the corner rocking-chair;
Her pen, the needle busy;
Her call-bell, Bertie's "Are you there?"
Or, " Mamma, come to Lizzie."
Her programme, breakfast, dinner, tea;
Her teaching-exercise.
Form, learned by baby's foot and knee,
Color, by papa's eyes.
Her term from June to leafy June,
She asks for no vacation ;
Her rest, the chat at morn or noon,
*A walk, her recreation.
>10 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The old, old story of the heart,
Told 'neath the summer sky ;
She thinks it o'er, her noblest part
To sing a lullaby.
The Book of Books helps each of thera :
He reads of rest from noise;
She, that "The Xew Jerusalem
Is full of girls and boys."
"We'll fit them, dear," she says and smiles,
"To walk the golden street.
And see that nothing which defiles
Shall touch their hands or feet."
" This is your school, your pupils we,"
He says, "my model teacher;
Lessons more wise, you give to me.
Than book, or pen, or preacher."
And so she sends her girls and boys
To bed for nightly rest,
And says, while picking up their toys,
"Isn't my school the best?"
— Journal of Education.
Place one bit of useful knowledge
On another tiny mite,
Keep on adding, time will make them
Shine with wisdom's burning light.
Each small act of perseverance
Nerves you to some greater deed ;
From one little grain of forethought
Often grand results proceed.
THE NORTH CA.ROLINA TEACHER. 311
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
THE TEICHER'S COMPENSATION.
BY E. E. HILLIARD, SCOTLAND NECK, N. C.
In the Jauuarv lumiber of a Northern educational journal, a
fluent writer says some very appreciable things on this subject,'
and some, too, that are not so appreciable to teachers whose sala-
ries are poor, as in most cases in the South. -
The writer alludes to the fact that in many communities the
teachers in our schools are poorly paid. He sets forth in beau-
tiful phrases the truth that good teachers do a good and noble
work, and that they know it; and he makes this a large part of
their compensation. He extols very meritedly the noble work
which good teachers do, and the very important — indeed, the
indispensable — offices they fill in a community; and he seems
to think that this ought to largely compensate them — the fact
that they are doing noble work and that they themselves know
the value of it in the community.
Few teachers in the land are as well paid for their services as
they ought to be ; and is the fact that they are doing good and
noble work, and are making themselves such useful members in a
community any excuse for their meagre salaries? In the name
of common sense and even-handed justice, and in the defense of
our teachers, I say, No.
The very fact that teachers are recognized as such worthy
members of a community, au,d are doing so much not only for
individual families, but for society generally, is one of the strong-
est and most forciful arguments in favor of their getting liberal
pay for their time and service. Not "compensation" in their
own conscientious congratulations that they are doing good work
for the community, but actual money paid into their hands, and
more of it, is what our good teachers ought to have. They need
to be able to spend much of their salaries in furnishing them-
selves with journals and books, and in studying the methods
they are expected to teach.
312 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
\ery few persons take the time to make any kind of estimate
of the labors of their teachers, and fewer still think much about
the teacher's hard lot. His life is filled up with duties innumer-
able, as varied as the diversified dispositions of the pupils he
instructs, and as stern and imperious as the exactions of his many
patrons are rigid.
Then, too, his is a life of incalculable responsibility.
Among business men, those who fill the most responsible posi-
tions receive the largest salaries. This is right, and no one ques-
tions it. In justice to the teacher, it may be said that his respon-
sibility is much greater than that of most members of his com-
munity. He is responsible for the intelligence of those under his
tuition; and as a pebble dropped into the lake disturbs the whole
bosom of the water, even after the wavelets have become too
small for their effects to be visible, so the influence of a teacher is
felt where it is not seen by those around. He is thus largely
responsible for the standard of intelligence around him. He is
responsible also, in a great measure, for the moral tone of .his
community, especially if he remains long in the same place. He
must give his time and much of his money in making prepara-
tions to meet these responsibilities, and why should he not be
compensated in a superior manner?
Many speak well of him for these things and congratulate
themselves that they have him to train their boys and girls.
They remind me very much of the good old Christian man we
have all heard of, who, in contemplating the fullness and freeness
of the blessings of religion, was constrained to "thank God that
he had been a member of the church forty years and it had cost
him only twenty-five cents."
The judges in our courts occupy but little more responsible
positions than do our teachers. Let us see if it is not true.
Our teachers educate the boys that are to become the judges ;
they educate the boys who are to be the lawyers at the bar; they
educate not only these judges and attorneys, dispensers of justice
and defenders of truth, but they educate the men who are to
make our laws. Can we not see the responsibility?
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 313
How many teachers fully take in the idea that from among
the troublesome little urchins who are continually testing their
patience, may come many of the future framers and interpreters
of the laws of the land?
And yet the teacher must see these very men whose whole suc-
cess is due to his never-failing energy and unremitting care in
trying to train them correctly — he must see these very ones occu-
pying positions that enable them to amass fortunes, while the
teacher's family are hardly able to give him a decent burial, and
have little to depend upon for future support but the poor man's
insurance.
By the report of the Commissioner of Education 1882-'83,
the average salary for the teachers in the public schools of North
Carolina is $24.11. Is this enough to pay their expenses and
enable them to fit themselves for first-class teaching, and then
have what intelligent men and women ought to have ?
Not the money value alone of their labors would I have our
teachers regard, for there is a rich reward in knowing that we are
engaged in a noble work ; but surely there is no need of literally
sacrificing our teachers to a good cause simply because they love
it and work for it.
What I have said has not been in the spirit of personal com-
plaint, but in the hope that I might show those teachers, who
have not already carefully considered it, the high positions they
occupy and the claims they may justly make for the noble work
they do.
Never yet did boy of spirit
Feel the sharp lash to his gain ;
If by love you cannot win him.
You may lacerate in vain.
314 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
PENMINSHIP.
BY T. W. FIELDS, A. M., PORTLAND, INDIANA.
For the past three years or more, teachers and professional
penmen have been considering among themselves whether copy-
books were not an evil in tl>e school-room. It is a most deplor-
able fact that pupils who learn to write (?) in them, especially in
double ruled copy-books, seldom attain a free, rapid movement
in writing. The best teachers of the art know that a correct
movement is the most important qualificatiou for good writing.
Closely allied to movement is uniformity of slant, spacing and
height, and all three of these depend almost wholly upon a free
movement.
The copy-book, with double ruling and verticid lines, divide
the page into so many boxes, as it were, and every pupil then is
required to reproduce his engrav^ed copy in the allotted space.
There is no allowance made for the lengths of fino;ers in different
pupils, the different sizes and shapes of the hand, the varying
lengths of fore-arms, which go to modify the difference in the
handwriting of different persons. It must all be written in its
assiw;ned "box," thouo-h the form of the hand and arm might
Avant it extended above the lines, or extended beyond the vertical
rulings.
Again, the cost of copy-books is one of their worst objections.
But a moment's consideration will suffice tf) show that a copy-
book of twenty-four pages contains no more paper than is to be
found in three sheets of foolscap, yet the copy-book costs iifteen
cents, and the three sheets cost but three cents.
A lifeless, engraved copy, produces in the minds of children
a hesitancy of thoKgkf and action, which is the reverse of what
they should learn. They try harder to get the letters and words
of the same height, size and width, so as to fit in their places,
than they do to observe the right form, connection and quickness
THE NORTH CA.ROLINA TEACHER. 315
of executioii. Copy-books deprive the pupils of all intellectuality
and make the act of writing purely mechanical.
It is now established quite satisfactorily that where pupils are
taught a right movement, combined of finger, fore-arm, mus-
cular and lateral motion, and in addition taught the correct forms
of the letters as they are united in ivords, that they will soon
acquire a good business hand, while the copy-book method does
not give it.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
ilNNIYERSSRY EVENTS.
"NEWS, OLD NEWS."— Shakespeare.
COMPILED BY ALBERT P. SOUTHWICK, GALVESTON, INDIANA.
FEBRUARY TWENTY-SECOND.
1512. Death of Amerigo Vespucci, at Seville, Spain. He
was born in Florence, Italy, on March 9, 1451.
1()30. The first Thanksgiving in Massachusetts. The day
had been appointed for a general fast, as no ship had arrived in a
great length of time and the provisions of the colonists were
nearly exhausted. At an opportune moment, however, the good
ship Lion arrived from England with an abundance of food, and
the "day of sorrow" was immediately t;hanged to one of joy
and feasting. A fortunate omen !
1732. Birth of George Washington, "the father of his coun-
try," near the banks of Pope's Creek, Westmoreland county, Va.
His death occurred between 11 and 12 o'clock on Saturday,
December 14, 1799.
1770. On this day a mob, principally boys, attacked the
residence of Mr. Richardson, of Boston, because he had attempted
to remove the mark of warning set against the house of a Mr.
Lille, who had opposed the non-importation law. Richardson
316 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
fired at the mob and killed Christopher Snider, a boy eleven
years of age, who was recorded in the newspapers of that day as
" the first martyr to American liberty."
1797. The last foreign invasion of Great Britain, when the
French tried to land in Wales, but capitulated without a battle.
1819. Birthday of James Russell Lowell, at Cambridge,
Mass., author, editor and diplomat.
1836. Death of Joice Heath, a blind uegress, exhibited under
the management of P. T. Barnum, with the claim that she was
one hundred and sixty-two years of age, and had been the nurse
of George Washington. Dying in New York, a i)od mortem
examination was held, which proved that she could not have
been more than eightv vears of age.
1845. Death of Rev. Sydney Smith, the witty divine.
1856. The first Republican convention was held at Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania.
1858. Equestrian statue of AYashington, by the sculptor
Crawford, at Richmond, Va., was inaugurated, Edward Everett
delivering an address.
.1859. Largest "colored" funeral ever known in Xorfolk,
Va., was attended at the Bell Church, on the occasion of the death
of Sarah Malloy, aged 120 years.
1861. Abraham Lincoln made his journey from Harrisburg
to Washington, the hero of the " Scotch cap," safely reaching his
destination. The "shawl story" has lately been denied (1884)
by its author, the well-known newspaper correspondent "Joe
Howard."
1861. Edward Payson Weston walked from the State House,
Boston, Mass., to the Capitol, Washington, D. G., a distance of 478
miles, between this day and March 4, in ten consecutive days, four
hours and twelve minutes, touching the back of the Capitol just
as the clock struck 5 P. m. It is estimated that he walked 510
miles, having walked otf the direct road a portion of the way.
This was undertaken to pay an election wager that he made with
Mr. George B. Eddy, of Worcester, Mass., in the Presidential
campaign of 1860, on the election of Abraham Lincoln.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 317
1865. Capture of WilmingtoD, N, C, by the Federals.
1881. Formal trausfer of tlie Obelisk from Egypt to the
United States in Central Park, Xew York city.
FEBRUARY TWENTY-THIRD.
1848. In the church at Braintree, Mass., on one side of the
pulpit is an inscription to John Adams, and on the other one
relating to his sou. It reads thus: "Near this place reposes all
that could die of John Quincy Adams, son of John and Abigail
(Smith) Adams, sixth President of the United States. Born
11th of July, 1767, amidst the storms of civil commotion, he
nursed the vigor which inspires a Christian. For more than half
a century, whenever his country called for his labors in either
hemisphere, or in any capacity, he never spared them in her
cause. On the 24th of December, 1814, he signed the second
treaty with Great Britain, which restored? peace within her bor-
ders. On the 23d of February, 1848, he closed sixteen years of
eloquent defence. of the lesson of his youth by dying at his post
in her great National council. A son Avorthy of his father, a citi-
zen shedding glory on his country, a scholar ambitious to advise
mankind, this Christian sought to walk humbly in the sight of
his God."
1^84. The steamship James Turpie, on her voyage from
Algeria to Baltimore, Md., on this day encountered a hurricane that
lasted twelve hours. The efficacy of "throwing oil on troubled
waters" was tried by the captain, Mr. Smith. Two canvas bags
filled with fish-oil were lowered from the vessel's bow, so that the
oil would ooze from them and mingle with the sea. A good
result was perceptible almost immediately. It quieted the waters,
and the captain states he believed it saved the ship from having
her decks swept "fore and aft."
FEBRUARY TWENTY-FOURTH.
1468. Death of John Gutenberg, the father of printing.
1785. Birth of Gardiner Spring, Presbyterian preacher and
author, at Newburyport, Mass. He died August 18, 1873.
2
318 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
1810. Executiou of Andreas Hofer, the brave Swiss patriot,
betrayed by Douay, "a loved, cared-for, and trusty friend," He
was placed in the power of France by the Emperor of Austria.
A plain tombstone on Bremner Mountain, not far from his native
home, marks his last resting-place. Born November 22, 1767.
1815. Death of Kobert Fulton, wdio was born in Little Brit-
ain (now called Fulton), in Lancaster county, Pa., in 1765.
He left his wife an income of |9,000 a year, and his four chil-
dren each $1,000 a year from the time they were twelve years
old until they became of age. And thus was poor John Fitch's
prediction verified : " The day will come when some man, more
powerful, will get fame and riches from my invention,"
1821. Death of John Keats, the English poet, at Rome,
Italy, of consumption. The first line of his Endymion will live
forever: '^A thing of beauty is a joy forever." He was born
in 1795.
1824, Birth of Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, in Montgomery
county, Pa. He entered West Point Military Academy on July
1, 1840; was appointed Second Lieutenant on July 1, 1844,
served three years in the Indian Territory, then through the
Mexican War, winning his promotion for "gallant and merito-
rious conduct"; commissioned Brigadier-General of volunteers
on September 23, 1861, and Major-General, Xovember 29, 1862;
was wounded at Gettysburg, where his brilliant and heroic con-
duct helped largely to win the day. In 1867 he was appointed
Commander of the Department of the Gulf, and exercised hi,s
powers in the most wise ancl judicious manner. He was nomi-
nated for the Presidency on June 24, 1880.
1824. Birth of George William Curtis, author, orator and
journalist, at Providence, R. I. Attended school at Jamaica
Plain, Mass., for four years; engaged as a clerk in a mercantile
house in New York in 1839; visited Europe in 1846; became a
member of the editorial staif of the New York Tribune in 1850;
became a lyceum lecturer in 1853; was defeated as Republican
candidate for Congress from his home district in 1864; appointed
chairman of the Civil Service Commission in 1871, resigning-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 319
this position two years'later. In 1863 he became political edi-
tor of Harper^ s WecMy, which position he has held uninterrupt-
edly to the present.
1848. Louis Phillipe I., Duke of Orleans, abdicated the
throne of France.
FEBRUARY TWENTY-FIFTH.
1634. Assassination of Wallenstein.
1694. Birth of Voltaire, the noted French infidel. He died
in 1778.
1723. Death of Sir Christopher Wren, the builder of St.
Paul's, London.
1791. First United States bank chartered.
1799. Act passed by Congress authorizing the purchase of
two navy-yards.
1815. jVapoleon left Elba for Paris, being greeted with
tumultuous joy by the soldiers and populace.
1833. Birth of John P. St. John, at Brookville, Franklin
county, Ind. Nominee for President by the Prohibition party,
1884.
1 848. Birth of William H. Marsh, in the city of New York.
This musical prodigy, before the age of three, exhibited his
remarkable appreciation of ''time" in a series of performances
given upon the drum.
FEBRUARY TWENTY-SIXTH.
1672. Birth of Augustine Calmet, Roman Catholic Bible
commentator, at Lorraine, France. His death occurred in Octo-
ber, 1757.
1713. James Hervey, Episcopal divine and author, was born
at Hardingstone, England; dying on December 25, 1758.
1802. Birth of Victor Hugo, the immortal French poet, at
Besancou, France.
1848. Republic proclaimed in France.
1851. Formal retirement from the stage of William C.
Macready. He was born in London in 1793, and died in Som-
ersetshire, England, in 1873. On May 10, 1848, occurred the
noted riot of the Astor Place Opera House.
320 THE IS^OETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
1852. Death of Thomas Moore, the Irish song- writer and
poet, the friend of Byron. He was born in 1778.
1861. Victor Emmanuel was made King of Italy.
1884. Death of Comte de Schraum, one of Napoleon's most
brilliant officers, at Paris, aged ninety-five years.
1884. A dynamite explosion occurred at the Victoria rail-
way station in London, injuring two persons slightly and dam-
aging the depot and surrounding property to the extent of
$20,000.
FEBRUARY TWENTY-SEVENTH.
J 776. This is the date of the noted battle of Moore's Creek
Bridge, N. C, when the Tory Scotch Highlanders living at Fay-
etteville and vicinity, led by Donald McDonald, attacked a body
of Americans commanded by Colonels Caswell and Lillington.
The former, 1,500 in number, were defeated with a loss of sev-
enty killed and >vounded, while the latter, 1,000 in number, had
none killed, and but two slightly wounded.
1797. The Bank of England stopped payment on this day.
1807. Birth of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, at Portland,
Me. His death occurred on March 24, 1882. A marble bust
of the poet was unveiled in the '* Poet's Corner," Westminster
Abbey, on his birthday in 1884. It stands near the busts of
Drvden and Chaucer.
Love your pupies, and they will love you. Loving you,
they will strive to please you; and your rules, which would seem
to them intolerably irksome did they dislike you, will become to
them a source of pleasure in the fulfillment. If you want to
have an orderly school ; if you want to be happy in your work ;
if you want your children to obey and love you, love them.
These three words, rightly used, would have prevented many
a failure — love your pupils. — Exchange.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 321
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
HISTORY AND GRSMMSR.
BY R. A., AUSTIN, TEXAS.
As each new number of the Teacher reaches rae, I eagerly
scan the pages for more light on teaching history and grammar
in our schools.
History is neglected in nearly all schools. Why, I never
could understand. Is it not "first cousin to geography," and
ought it not to be taught in connection with geography?
I fear we are really doing more harm in grammar, for it is
tauo-ht in all schools — beo^uu earlv and continued long. But is
it taught intelligibly? What real knowledge of grammar have
pupils, even after finishing the prescribed course?
True, they can diagram beautifully, analyze correctly, but
what do they know of "old-fashioned parsing," or of the proper
building of sentences ?
Is the present method of teaching grammar even as good as
the old, or what improvement can we make on either? are ques-
tions of great importance to teachers.
Will not Prof. Shepherd suggest some means by which the
diagram tide may be stemmed, and grammar become real knowl-
edge to the pupil, yet not an irksome study?
Practice may be had with sentences in which the emphatic
words are indicated to the eye. These may be written upon the
blackboard. It is in favor of such training that w'hile pupils
are receiving this kind of training, they can at the same time
learn the use of emphasis, and the different methods of giving
it. — The Teacher.
322 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
TEACHERS' ETHICS.
In all the leading professions there exists a prescribed code of
ethics which governs to a certain extent every member of those
professions. We claim that of all the professions none is more
noble or exalted than that of teaching. We often hear some-
thing of "Legal Ethics/' "Medical Ethics," and "Political
Ethics," now let us begin to hear something of "Teachers'
Ethics." The teachers also must have a "code" of rules, set-
ting forth their proper forms of deportment towards one another,
towards their pupils and their patrons. There are many little
courtesies which ought to be often seen in the daily conduct of
the teacher, that will tend to build up and ennoble the teacher
and the teacher's profession and smooth over many rugged places
in the toilsome path of school work.
Let us carefully consider the following hints in commencing
to build our "Code of Ethics" :
Don't try to be a tyrant in the school-room.
Don't pet the son of the rich school committeeman and snub
the poor mechanic's boy.
Don't criticise unfavorably, in the presence of your pupils, any
methods or habits of your predecessor.
Don't visit the patrons of another teacher's school with a view
to securing the pupils for your own school.
Don't tell a school committee that you wall teach their school
for a smaller price than Miss A. or Mr. B. is receiving.
Don't speak of the faults of your pupils to any person except
their parents, and then only in the utmost kindness, and when
absolutely necessary, with a view to possible correction.
Don't neglect your personal appearance. Every school
deserves a neat and tidy teacher. Soiled collars, ruifs or aprons,
a bloused head, or unbrushed shoes, should not be tolerated.
Don't fail to be polite to every pupil. Politeness toward
scholars wins respect and politeness from them in return.
Don't punish a child as if it were a pleasure to you instead of
. a responsible duty.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 323
Don't say anything at all about a fellow-teacher when you
cannot speak well of him or her.
Don't try to talk your school to death, neither let a cemetery
silence brood over the school, but strive to keep up an air of
"business" at all times, representing active and steady Avork.
These few hints are submitted with a desire and a hope that
our teachers will give some thought to these things and also give
some earnest eiforts toward elevatino; the standard and the dio;-
nity of the teacher's calling. The teacher must not give instruc-
tion only in the subject-matter of the text-books, but also be a
living exemplar of all those little courtesies and polite formalities
which go to make up the pleasures and refinements of our social
life.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
A DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN COMMONLY ACCEPTED
SYNONYMS.
NUMBER TWO.
BY CHARLES F. SHERRILI,, CONCORD, N. C.
Large and Great. We speak of a large house^ and a great
man.
Condescension and Deference. Condescension is shown to infe-
riors, and deference to superiors.
Emulaiion and Competition. In emulation we strive for
equality ; in competition, for superiority.
Illegible and Zhireadable. A book is illegible when the print-
ing is bad; it is unreadable when the subject-matter is not good.
Only and Alone. Only means there is no other of the same
kind. Alone signifies exclusion from others. "An only child
has neither brother nor sister; a child is alone when it is by
itself."
324 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Choose and Prefer. If three or more persons apply for a
position, one is chosen; if two apply, one is preferred. We pre-
fer one to another, and choose from a number. "He did not
choose a profession, and preferred a private life to a public one."
Obstacle and Impediment. An obstacle is that which stands
in the way between us and the object we have in view. Imjjedi-
ment means literally to bind the feet. An obstacle interferes
with the attainment of an end; an impediment interrupts our
progress. We remove impediments, and surmount obstacles.
Complete and Entire. A thing is complete when it is filled up
or wants none of its appendage. It is entire when it is undi-
vided or wants none of its parts. ''A man may have an entire
house, and not a complete room."
Duty and Obligation. Duty is what we are morally bound to
do or not to do. Obligation is an external law, arising from a '
sense of favors received. Duty is an internal law imposed by
conscience. " D^ity is the obligation imposed from within ; obli-
gation is the duty imposed from without." "Duties extend
beyond obligations."
Shall and Will. In the first person, sliall denotes futurity ; in
the second and third persons, constraint. Will, in the first per-
son, signifies determination; in the second and third persons,
futurity.
"In the first person, simply shcdl foretells;
In ivill a threat or else a promise dwells.
Shall in the second and the third,, does threat.
Will simply then foretells the future feat."
Melody and Harmony. Melody is the pleasing succession of
different sounds of the same voice or instrument. Harmony is
the union of concorcling musical sounds. The hummings of the
' bees, the whisperings of the breezes, the murmurings of the rills,
the varying notes of the birds, each taken separately is full of
melody; but these melodies do not blend into harmony. " There
may be melody without harmony, but harmony is always the
union of melodies."
THE NORTH CA.ROLIXA TEACHER. 325
[For the Nortli Carolina Teacher.]
TEICHING SCIENCE IN SCHOOLS.
BY PROF. F. P. VENABLE, UNIVERSITY OP NORTH CAROLINA.
That some kind of instruction .should be given in JSTatural
Science in our higher .schools is becoming each day more clearly
apparent to the best educators. One reason for this is, that for
many attending our .schools a collegiate education is an impossi-
bility. They are forced to go immediately from the high school
into business life, and however useful a knowledge of nature's
laws might be to them, however much it might add to the com-
fort or pleasure of their lives, they must remain in ignorance of
them all unless the key to open these secrets is placed in their
hands during the school course.
Some little experience in teaching science in schools has shown
me that there are two great dangers in the usual mode of teach-
ing and in the customary text-books u,sed. Either a very super-
ficial knowledge of the subject is given, which greatly interferes
with more thorough acquaintance afterwards, or the immature
mind is so loaded with indigestible facts that a distaste for the
study is given which can only with great difficulty be overcome.
Of course such teaching might be called worse than useless, as
the child can derive but little benefit from what it has already
learned, and future study is rendered much more difficult.
Let us take such a study as chemistry and see where the trou-
ble lies. The facts of chemistry have become so numerous, and
underlying all of our arts and sciences as it does, those facts are
of such importance that the writer of a school-book hardly knows
what to abridge or leave out. Many of our school chemistries
are mere couden.sations from the large text-books, very much as
if one had written out the larger book in short-hand. Printino-
and space may be .saved, but such a book could only be u.seful to
one well versed in the science. It might serve as a jog to
the memory of one well versed in the science, but would be a
3
326 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER
poor guide to initiate one into all that is useful and beautiful in
that branch of human learning.
There are other little hand-books in use which fall into }'et
another error by attempting to translate these wonders of nature
into the language affected by young mothers to their crowing
infants. Such translation is not needed, as young people very
soon learn to think as their elders do. They lose their taste
for these words of one syllable as they do for boiled milk, and
partake eagerly of the strong meat of fuller, deeper language.
Science, to be taught effectually, must be taught scientifically, not
necessarily retaining the difficult technical terms, but cer-
tainly using scientific methods. There is too much of this popu-
larizing science by analogies with common objects around us, and
it seldom happens that these analogies can be fully carried out.
The immature mind, however, makes no limitations and accepts
the analogy in its entirety. How many oranges are very much
flattened at the'ends, for instance, how many are perfectly round,
how many have pointed ends, even ? Yet children have been assured
from time immemorial that the world is " round like an orange" —
like which oue of the many they can buy at auy store, pray?
The habit of observation is the first thing to be taught the child.
Encourage the young inquiring mind in noticing the many every-
day, yet wonderful, phenomena of nature, and in noticing them
accurately. Make the children give descriptions of the progress
of some thunder-storm, or the quiet spinning of some spider
around its victim. Teach them patience, tell them of Darwin's
patient watching for hours to see which one of its tiny feet the
spider moved first in its spinning, and of his honest confession at
last that he did not know — for honesty is of the first importance
here as in all things, and is wonderfully rare.
A child cannot begin too eai'ly to observe. Indeed, I doubt
whether it can be taught to observe afterwards if the early child-
hood has been spent unobservant and sluggishly blind. There
are many ways of interesting the children in observing nature.
Help them to collect specimens of minerals, of butterflies, of
shells, of flowers. Let their compositions sometimes turn in this
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 327
dii-eetion. lu all practiced work which thev do iu this direction
instil into them habits of neatness and order. Nice labels neatly
written, simple yet well-adapted home-made cases for the speci-
mens, nothing slovenly nor carelessly clone.
The next step is to teach them to reason. It should go hand
in hand with the observing. Let no fact observed go by unex-
plained. True, the explanations of far too many things in
nature are still unknown to us, but that would be a very poor
reason why a child should stop incjuiring about all these things.
By reasoning over a few observed facts the young miud can
easily be led to see some all-pervading law, and then it will be a
pleasant and profitable mental exercise to group other facts under
the same law.
All children whose minds are active are continually asking for
explanations of the strange new things which they see around
them, things which older heads have grown used to and indo-
lently call common, every-day occurrences, ignorant or careless of
the causes underlying theili all. Too often we put a stop to their
eager inquiries, telling them when they are older they will
understand it all, unwilling to confess our ignorance, or lacking
patience for the task. I have no doubt but that many a childish
intellect has been thus repressed and stunted which might, if prop-
erly guided, have clone good service among the world's thinkers.
No teacher is worthy of his calling who is not pleased to have
these questions asked of him, giving him thus an insight into the
working of the minds placed in his care.
One can easily see how much more instructively and attract-
ively a teacher well grounded in the natural sciences can teach
these every-day object-lessons. For young children, then, it
would be best that no scientific text-books be used, but the
groundwork of the sciences be laid by frequent intelligent illus-
trations from every-day life. For the higher school classes the
text-books should not attempt an abridgment of the whole
science whatever it ma}' be — principles, laws, facts, and all, but
selecting certain only of the most important facts or lessons to be
328 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
taught, teach them fully and clearly. If it were a text-book of
chemistry, take water, the air, and iron, and tell all about them
that can be easily grasped. Thus superficiality and a blase indif-
ference to the after study of the subject can be avoided.
CM YOU COUNT R BILLION?
What is a billion? In the French system of notation, which
is also used in the United States, it is a thousand millions; but
the English system gives the name billion to a million millions.
Sir Henry Bessemer, the famous inventor, who is iu the habit of
occupying his leisure with curious calculations for the amusement
of his grandchildren, tried to convey some idea of the immensity
expressed in this little word. He took it successively as a meas-
ure of time, of length, and of height. Selecting the second as the
unit to be used in his first calculation, he began with the start-
ling assertion that a billion seconds have not yet elapsed since
the commencement of the Christian era — nor, indeed, ev^en a six-
teenth part of that number! A billion seconds make 31,687
years, seventeen days, twenty-two hours, forty-five minutes, five
seconds ! In regard to length, he chose for his unit the English
sovereign, a coin of the size of a half-eagle. A chain of a billion
sovereigns would be long enough to pass 763 times around the
globe; or supposing all these coins lay side by side each in con-
tact with its neighbor, it would form about the earth a golden
zone fifty-six feet six inches wide! This same chain, were it
stretched out straight, would make a line a fraction over 18,328,-
445 miles in extent ! For measuring height. Sir Henry chose for
a unit a single sheet of such paper as that upon which the Lou-
don Times is printed — a measure of about 3-^ of an inch iu
thickness. A billion of these thin sheets pressed out flat and
piled vertically upon each other would attain the altitude of
47,348 miles ! If any one doubts the correctness of these calcu-
lations he may go to work and figure the thing out for himself.
Rev. Charles E. Taylor, B. Lit.,
(university of virginiai
President of Wake Forest College,
WAKE forest, n. c.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 329
REV. CHSRLES E. TMLOR,
The Teacher has the pleasure of presenting its readers this
mouth with an excellent photo-engraving of Rev. Charles E.
Taylor, President of Wake Forest College.
President Taylor was born in Richmond, Virginia, October
28, 1842, and is the youngest son of Rev. James B. Taylor, a
distinguished minister of the Baptist Church. He was educated
at home by his sisters until he was fourteen years of age, when
he entered the academic department of Richmond College,
remaining a student in that institution until his course was inter-
rupted by the tocsin of war. In April, 1861, he entered the
Confederate army as a member of Company F of Richmond,
and served with General Lee in his West Virginia campaign in the
summer of 1 861 , and with " Stonewall " Jackson in his Valley cam-
paign in the winter of 1861 and spring of 1862. Having been
slightly wounded at Kernstown, he was transferred to the Tenth
A^irginia cavalry. In 1864 he was assigned to duty as acting
Adjutant of the Secret Service Bureau, and during that year was
captured by General Averill of the Fedei'al forces.
When the war closed young Taylor laid aside his sword, and
entered the peaceful pursuit of teaching in his native State.
In October, 1865, he entered the University of Virginia, and
took diplomas in the entire academic course, except mathematics,
graduating in June, 1870. After graduating, he visited Europe,
and at Dublin, on his return, heard of his election to the chair of
Ijatin in Wake Forest College, North Carolina. Accepting, he
reached College October 4, 1870, and since that time has filled
the position with great satisfaction. In July, 1884, he was
elected Chairman of the Faculty, and on the 11th of November,
1884, he w^as elected President of the College.
Prof. Taylor was received into the fellowship of the Baptist
Church, December 10, 1852, being baptized by Rev. J. B. Jeter,
D. D. He was regularly ordained a minister of that clenomina-
330 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
tion April 23, 1871, and found time from his college duties to
serve as pastor a number of churches in the vicinity of Wake
Forest.
During the year 1883 he undertook the Herculean task of
increasing the endowment fund of Wake Forest College to
$100,000, and by his indomitable perseverance and earnest, well-
directed appeals, was mainly instrumental in accomplishing that
desired end. His election to the presidency of Wake Forest
College is a well-deserved compliment for the distinguished ser-
vice rendered in securing its endowment, and the Baptists of
North Carolina confidently look forward to his administration of
the affairs of their denominational college with high hopes of
enlarged success and extended usefulness.
We deem the election of Prof. C. E. Taylor to the presidency
of Wake Forest College as a most fortunate choice by the Trus-
tees. Prof. Taylor had given good proof of his fitness for the
position by his 'elevation of the scholarship of his classes through
the Virginia University system. This was followed ultimately
by all the other departments of the College.
He possesses a broad, M^ell-trained intellect; is circumspect,
measuring every situation; is conscieiitious and faithful in the
detail of duty; is independent and self-reliant, with abundant
caution; is respectful to all, setting the best examples and profit-
ing by the advice of the hour. He is a wnse and prudent man,
because eminently Godly; is far removed from extremes, and
does not decide upon a course of action without weighing care-
fully the reasons for and against. There is doubtless no friend
of the institution, and of education in the State, but that is
delighted with the elevation of this most worthy and capable
gentleman to the distinguished position of President of Wake
Forest College. No man has served the institution more faith-
fully, and none so successfully in its financial necessities. His
untiring efforts to carry the endowment up to $100,000 from
about $54,000 was hailed by the friends of the institution, when
it was coaipleted, with every dollar of the amount in hand on
the first of January, 1884, with profound gratitude and thanks
to the Giver of all sjood.
THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 331
This work appeared to some as an iuspiration bestowed upon
tlve almost self-appointed agent, to accomplish an object, from
\vhich the bravest Baptist spirits recoiled. It was by authority
tiiat Professor Taylor undertook this unpromising duty, but
there was little weight in it, for none had much coufidence or
hope. It is easily seen now that this very work of the endow-
ment was preparing its agent for the more pleasing if not less
responsible duties of the presidency of the College. It is a great
advantage in having not an untried man in the position, and one
who has the fear of God before him, and one who is endowed
with so many of the qualities which are requisite for so high
and difficult a position.
May President Charles E. Taylor be to North Carolina in her
educational prosperity what Dr. Arnold was to the same cause in
England, and may our children live to see more Rugbys, and
more Wake Forests, and more Universities like ours at Chapel
Hill, and more and better colleges all over the land.
THINGS ¥E SEE,
BY A. J. SMITH.
We often visit a school where no particular plan for dismis-
sion at recess or the close of a day is folowed. At the appointed
time the teacher says: "Recess," or "the school is dismissed,"
and boys and girls, large and small, arise at once, and sometimes
noisily, go in a promiscuous crowd after bonnets, baskets, etc.
We think this tends to disorder, and recommend that some
method be observed that will secure a quiet aud orderly dismis-
sion.
We insist upon no certain plan, but we have often seen rooms
very properly dismissed, a row at a time, beginning usually with
the boys, ^\dio are most impatient and therefore more difficult to
332 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
restrain. Loud laughing;, talking, stamping or whistling should
not be tolerated in the room during the recess, and boys and
girls should not be rude in their manners towards each other.
They must not regard the school-room as a barn or play-ground
where unmannerly or noisy conduct is allowable. Children
should be taught to respect each other, especially boys should
be taught to respect the girls. Too much attention cannot well
be given this subject.
We often notice, too, that a teacher uses a text-book in all the
recitations, even for the most primary work. We doubt the
propriety of the use of more than two geographies in any school,
beginning with a good elementary book when the child has
reached the Fourth Reader, and but two arithmetics, following
in the same order. But w-e frequently find teachers using a pri-
mary arithmetic with children who cannot add at all, and can
find them also using a small geography, called "First Lessons,"
and reading the' questions of these books to the children. We
very much doubt whether any good i-esults from such teaching. —
Exchange.
Too MANY teachers have almost no general information. A
teacher must keep pace with the events of the day. If an event
of importance takes place in the country or the world, the class
should know it. It is the duty of every teacher to be familiar
with the current events of the day. The newspaper should reach
every teacher in the land. The pupils will thus get a thirst,
which will last them through life, for that knowdedge wdiich is
so essential to good citizenship. There is no necessity that
teachers should lack culture. No other profession is so full of
stimulants. While the teacher is teaching a certain branch he
should study it, and thus the pupils will get the benefits of his
thoughts and labor. — Selected.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 333
[P\n- tlie JS'orth Carolina Teacher.]
LENOIR COUNTY TEICHERS' SSSOCISTION.
Quite a number of enthusiastic teachers of this Association
met in the Kinston Graded School building, February 7th, and
were called to order by the President, Dr. R. H. Lewis.
Under the order of exercises for the day, Messrs. Goodwin
and Grimsley discussed the subject: "How to Teach Primary
Numbers." Mr. Goodwin made a very practical development of
this subject, showing how it should be treated in the most pri-
mary grades. Dr. Lewis, in the general discussion, showed the
teachers what he had' found to be the most satisfactory method
of teaching primary numbers. We believe his remarks worthy
of the consideration of all who heard him, for he is a practical
teacher, and one of long experience in his work.
We reo-ret that uro;ent business necessitated the absence of
Prof. T. R. Rouse, the orator of the day.
Rev. Israel Harding was elected orator of the next meeting,
and Miss Agnes Grady essayist; and "How to teach History"
is to be discussed by Dr. Lewis and Prof. Rouse.
The meeting adjourned to meet in Kinston College, February
28th. All members are expected, and the public is invited.
George A. Grimsley, Secretary.
DMIDSON COLLEGE,
The Rev. Dr. T. D. Witherspoon, President-elect of David-
son College, is a Presbyterian minister in high reputation, at
present the pastor of a large church in Louisville, Ky. He is
in the prime of life, and eminently adapted to the high posi-
tion which he has been invited to assume. In learning, in piety,
4
334 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
and ill proved efficiency, he is believed to be the man especially
fitted for the place. The only difficulty is a doubt whether he
will accept the office. The position he now fills is one of very
great importance, and we know that he could not leave Louis-
ville without a general protest on the part of the people and
earnest opposition from the members of his own charge. For
several years, Dr. Witherspoon was the beloved and useful pastor
of the Tabb Street Presbyterian Church, Petersburg, Va., in
which his memory is now treasured. It is not long since he was
the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian
Church of the Southern States. His acceptance of the Presi-
dency of Davidson College would be a fortunate event for the
interests of education in North Carolina.
At the same meeting of the Board of Trustees W. S. Graves,
A. M., was elected to the Chair of Greek and German in Davidson
College. Prof. Graves is a graduate of high distinction of Wash-
ington-Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, and taught with
marked success in the celebrated Bellevue High School, under
the control of Hon. James P. Holeombe, LL. D. He has been
for two years a post-graduate student of Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, and receives the highest testimonials from Professors Gilder-
sleeve, Martin, and others, of that famous institution. David-
sou College is to be congratulated on these distinguished addi-
tions to its present capable faculty.
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS.
Cork is the soft, elastic bark of a species of oak which grows
abundantly in Spain, Italy, Algeria and the south side of France.
The FIRST GEOLOGICAL survey of a State in the United
States was commenced under the auspices of the North Carolina
Legislature, by Prof. Dennison Olmstead, who was, from 1817
to 1825, Professor of Chemistry in oiu- State University.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 335
[For the Nortli Carolina Teacher.]
CHIRLOTTE GRSDED SCHOOLS,
BY R. M. L.
The Charlotte Graded Schools are alive, of course ; with every
cue of the teachers a subscriber to the North Carolina
Teacher, how could they be otherwise? They have not yet
lost the enthusiasm gained at Madison, Chapel Hill, Spartan-
burg, Liucolnton, Reidsville, and the other normal schools and
institutes of the summer vacation; at which, one or more repre-
sentatives of the teacher corps w^as present. The Teachers' Club
gives the teachers the reading of the leading educational period-
icals of the laud. A weekly meeting of the training class for the
discussion of interesting educational topics, conducted by Prof.
Mitchell, is another one of the valuable helps to young teachers of
the school. Let the good work go on.
The result of a wound from cupid deprived the schools of one
of the teachers at holiday time. Miss Carrie Clarkson was one
of the three teachers remaining this year who had been con-
nected with the schools since their organization. The patrons
did not like to lose so faithful a teacher. Miss Annie Rodie, of
Jersey City, a graduate of the Oswego Normal and Training
School, has taken her place.
Among those who have visited the school during the year are
Dr. Curry, of Virginia, Dr. Mayo, of Massachusetts, Dr. Jenks,
of Brown University, Prof. Rayhill, of Illinois, and Prof.
Groves, State Superintendent of Delaware. They spoke in
enthusiastic terms of the progress made, and thought the outlook
for the future unusually encouraging.
NEWS NOTES.
KiNSTON College opened with ninety-nine pupils.
Mr. Palemon J. King has over 50 pupils in Shelby High
School.
Miss Lida Johnson opened her school at Shelby with 26
pupils.
336 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The Lx\urinburc4 schools are all reported as in a flourishing;
conclition.
An academy building will soon be erected at Cedar Rock
Nash county.
MooRESBORO is happy over a good and flourishing school and
a good teacher.
Boone, Watauga county, is without a school. A fine opening
for a good teacher.
Altrora Academy, in Beaufort county, has 240 square feet
of blackboard space.
Lick Creek Academy, in Davidson county, is in the midst
of a flourishing session.
Oakland Academy, at Polkville, Anson county, has an
enrollment of 62 pupils.
Mr. M. L. White, of Polkville, appreciates the improved
methods, and has 70 pupils.
Concord, Cabarrus county, has voted seven thousand dollars
for the establishment of a graded school.
A high school is about to be established by the colored peo-
ple of Greenville, Pitt county, for their children.
The citizens of Lower Creek, near Powellton, Caldwell
county, are preparing to erect a handsome two-story academy.
Capt. W. T. p. Bell has established an enviable reputation
at King's Mountain, where he has one of the best schools in the
South.
Leaksville has organized a literary club. The club at
Peidsville has proved a great educator for the young people of
that town.
JuDSON College, at Hendersonville, Henderson county, has
about 130 students, and is doing a noble work for south-western
North Carolina.
The FUND per capita to the children of Rockingham, for
1885, is only $1.00. There is some dissatisfaction among the
people in regard to it.
THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 337
The Anniversary Exercises of Wake Forest College, on
February 1 3tli, were largely attended and greatly enjoyed by all
who were present.
Trap Hill Normal Institute, Wilkes county. Prof. R. H.
Freeland, Principal, has an enrollment of 52, and has only 19
pupils named Holbrook.
Oak Ridge Institute, Guilford county, has 125 pupils, and
is rapidly making a reputation as one of the foremost institu-
tions of learning in North Carolina.
Old Monticello Academy, in Guilford county, which had
contributed greatly towards education in that locality, was acci-
dentally burned on the 18th of January.
An act is now pending in the Legislature to add $250 to
the annual appropriation foreacli normal school in the State and
providing for instruction in elementary drawing. A good bill.
A BOY CtOT left at the grammar school,
Because, to get up a first-class race.
He tied an active-transitive oyster-can
To a dog in the objective case.
A BILL HAS been introduced in the Legislature authorizing
the town of Durham to issue bonds to the amount of $15,000, to
be used in the erection of suitable buildings for the Durham
Graded School.
The probability that the Dortch bill will be shown to be
unconstitutional has put a quietus to the graded school at Reids-
ville. It has had influential enemies among the capitalists of
that place from the start.
The Bush Hill High School, Randolph county, is meeting
deserved success. Messrs. C. P. Frazier (a Chautauquan of
1884) and A. J. Tomlinson are Principals, assisted by Miss Ella
Carr in the music dejDartment.
The Pocket School, Moore county, Mrs. Annie McGilvary,
Principal, has opened well. Her assistants, Miss Lula Mclver
and iNIiss Eva Twitty, are proving themselves fully competent
to fill their respective positions.
338 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
The New Salem and Randleman High School, at New
Salem, Randolph county, is in a prosperous condition. Prof.
W. M. Brooks, A. M., is Principal, assisted in the music depart-
ment by his accomplished wife.
Trinity College, Randolph county, has receiv^ed a small
legacy from the estate of Mrs. Ann E. Earnhardt of Salisbury.
Are there not others who will remember this noble, struggling
institution of learning in their wills?
The State Colored Normal School, at Fayetteville, E.
E. Smith, Principal, has 112 students enrolled, representing
fifteen counties, and is doing good work. The ,prin(;ipal is a
graduate of Shaw University, Raleigh.
. North Carolina will have an industrial school at an early
day, and we may then claim position among the progressive
States of the Union. A good industrial school is one of the
greatest necessities in our school system.
The Superintendent of Rockingham county has called a
convention of the teachers and committees, to meet in Wentworth
on the first Saturday in February, to discuss school matters and
to put the schools on a healthier footing.
Waynesville High School, Haywood county, has 99
pupils. It is well ]3repared to fit boys and girls for an intelli-
gent discharge of life's duties, or to give them such training as
will enable them to enter honorably upon a college course.
The Cleveland County Schools, we are glad to hear, are
in a prosperous condition. We learn from the Shelby Auro7-a
that Shelby Female College is rejoicing in increased numbers,
and the parents are delighted with the progress of their daugh-
ters.
A BILL has passed the Legislature authorizing the city of
Raleigh to expend |25,000 for buildings for the Centennial
Graded School of Raleigh. Another bill provides for a superin-
tendent of the public and graded schools of the city, of which
there are five.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 339
The Moryen High School, Richmoud county, Prof. James
W. Kilgo, is the most prosperous, the best patronized and the
most satisfactory the people of tiiat locality have ever had.
Prof. Kilgo will be assisted in future by Miss Fannie Coppedge,
one of the most accomplished young ladies of Wadesboro.
Trinity College, Randolph county, has had new life
infused into it by the new management. ■ Over 80 students now
answer to roll-call, and the Methodists of North Carolina have
every reason to look forward with bright hopes for the success of
their denominational college.
Salem Female Academy, Forsyth county, one of the oldest
and most noted institutions of learning in North Carolina, has
recently received an endowment of $1,000, to be called the
"Louise Fund." The amount was given by Mr. Francis H.
Fries, in memory of his deceased wife, a former pupil, and will
be expended in the art department.
The Southern Normal School, at I^exington, is rapidly
becoming one of the most important educational institutions in
the State. Rev. L. E. Duncan is a good manager and a thor-
ough teacher. The work of this school is devoted almost exclu-
sively-to the training of teachers, and that it is apjjreciated by
our teachers is shown in the fact that over 169 are enrolled for
this term.
Governor Scales, who is a graduate of our University, is
fully alive to the importance of educating the rising generation.
In his inaugural address he says: "We must have more and
better schools, and these should be taught at least six months in
the year. We must add to the number and qualifications of our
teachers. We must have more money. The State Constitution
provides for compulsory education. If we can once infuse into
our people a spirit of education and so manufacture public senti-
ment in its behalf as to make it a reproach to every parent who
refuses to send his children to school, and to every child *of ten
years of age and over who cannot read, we will need no other
compulsory law."
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY
ORGANIZATION FOR 1884-'85.
PRESIDENT :
*JouK J. Fray,
VICE-PRESIDENTS :
Raleigh, N. C.
1st. H. W. Reinhart,
2d. J. W. Staknes,
3d. Alex. McIver,
4tli. H. H. Williams,
5th. H. L., Smith, -
6th. J. M. Weatherly,
Thomasville.
Asheville.
Oaks.
Trinity College.
Selma.
Salisbury.
SECRETARY :
Eugene G. Harrell,
Raleigh.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY
W. W. Stringfield,
WaynesYille.
TREASURER
R. S. Arrowood, . - . Concord.
COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS :
The President, the Secretary, and the Treasurer.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : •
James Atkins, Jr., Asheyille; Robert Bingham, Bingham School: Dr. R. H.
Lewis, Kinston ; J. L. Tomlinson, AVinston; E. P. Moses, Goldsboro; I. L.
Wright, Thomasville ; Miss Fannie Everitt, Statesville : Miss Maria Nash, Hills-
boro ; Miss Mary R. Goodloe, Asheville ; Miss Emma Scales, Greensboro ; Miss
Nettie Marshall, Raleigh ; Mrs. Gen. William Pender, Tarboro.
* Died December 23, 1SS4.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 341
We are now making an eifort towards securing a good tele-
scope for use at the coming session. It will be placed in the
observatory at the Black Mountain Hotel and Mall prove a very
entertaining and instructive addition to the work.
Letters have been received from Dr. J. L. M. CurrV; of
Richmond, Dr. INIytton INIaury, of New York, and Mr. T. B.
Kingsbury, of Wilmington, expressing an intention of being
with the Assembly this summer, if possible. Some admirable
and enjoyable lectures may be expected from these distinguished
gentlemen during the session.
By the death of Prof. J. J. Fray, President of the Assem-
bly, the duties of presiding officer devolve upon Prof. H. W.
Reinhart, Principal of Thomasville Female College, by virtue of
his being first Vice-President. Prof. Reinhart is an able and
highly cultured gentleman, well known to most of the teachers
throughout the State, and he will, no doubt, preside over the
deliberations of the session with the same dignity and fairness as
did our lamented President.
Ix PRINTING the circular giving information of the next ses-
sion of the Assembly, our printer, by some oversight, omitted
from the list of officers the name of Prof. Alex. Mclver, third
A^ice-President. The mistake was discovered too late for cor-
rection in the circular, and we can only amend by sincerely ask-
ing pardon for the accident. We regret the error exceedingly,
and were given no little annoyance by it. The list of Vice-
Presidents is correct as appearing in this issue of The Teacher.
The Assembly returns sincere thanks to Messrs. J. P. Lip-
piucott & Co., Philadelphia, for a complete set of Cutter's excel-
lent Physiological Charts; also, to Messrs. E. H. Butler & Co.,
Philadelphia, for a set of their new, revised and enlarged jSTew
American Reading Charts; and to Messrs. A. H. Andrews &
Co., Xew York, for one of their handsome Tellurian Globes,
valued at thirty dollars. These donations are very useful to the
Assembly and will be greatly appreciated at our session this
summer.
342
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Send your fees for membership iu the Assembly to Mr. R.
S. Arrowood, Treasurer, Concord. Take care of the certificate
Avhich the Treasurer sends to you, as only on its presentation can
you obtain the reduced rates ou railroads and at the hotels.
We are glad to present our readers with a fine map of the
meeting-place of the Teachers' Assembly^Black Mountain, and
vicinity. This is a section of ShaiFer's New Township Map of
jSTorth Carolina, and shows the style of the w^ork. On the map
is shown the correct route of the wonderful railroad over the
Blue Ridge Mountains, whose marvellous windings astonish every
traveller. Col. Andrews will have the trains so timed that the
persons on each will be enabled to see the other train at a differ-
ent point on the road. This will be a very exciting and inter-
esting feature of the trip.
The work of the first session of the Assembly contained a
great deal that was exceedingly valuable to teachers and ought to
be preserved; therefore, the entire proceedings, including the
excellent lectures, addresses and essays, are now published iu
pamphlet form, making a neat volume of sixty pages. Through
the kind liberality of Messrs. Alfred Williams & Co., publishers
of the North Carolina Teacher, and Mr. E. M. Uzzell,
Printer and Binder, the work has been issued without any
expense whatever to the Assembly. Copies of the proceedings
will be sent to any address \\poii application.
MEMBERS OF SSSEMBLY-CONTINUED.
Miss Dora Little, Castoria, Greene Co.
Herbert Ward, Newton.
Dr. C. H. Wiley, Winston.
J. D. Hodges, Raleigh.
Mrs. Annie McGilvary, Jonesboro.
Miss Lillian Branson, Raleigh.
C. F. Sherrill, Concord.
Miss Bettie Warren, Greenville.
Miss Alice Page, Morrisville.
Miss Effie D. Harris, Sutton.
E. D. Monroe, Durham.
Miss Maggie V. Liviijg'stone, Oxford.
Johnstone Jones, Asliieville.
Richmond Pearson, Asheville.
Miss Jean Gales, Raleigh.
T. W. Carr, Castoria, Greene Co.
L. T. Buchanan, Raleigh.
Dr. R. H. Lewis, Kiustou.
Mrs. R. H. Lewis, Kinston.
Miss Ada V. Womble, Raleisfh.
Rev. C. T. Bailey, Raleigh. ^
Miss Lillie Nicholson, Snow Hill.
Miss M. A. Warren, Greenville.
Rev. Joseph E. Carter, Hendersonville.
T. J. Mitchell, Charlotte.
George T. Winston. Chapel Hill.
T. B. Kingsburv, Wilmington.
Mrs. Johii J. Fi-ay. Raleigh.
A. J. McAlpine, Raleigh.
Miss Maggie McDowell, Raleigh.
EDITORIAL.
THE NEW NORTH CSROLINfi MfiP.
The new Towusliip Map of North Carolina, by Col, A. W.
Shaffer, is now in the hands of the engraver and will be ready
for delivery in about ninety days. It will be the most accurate
and valuable map of the State ever made, and the only one con-
taining all the townships. The engraving is exceedingly hand-
some and far superior to the cheap lithographic maps which
make no claims to accuracy. A wall map of North Carolina is
an indispensable part of school-room paraphernalia for live
North Carolina schools. A good and reliable map is a rare
thing, and this elegant work of Col. Shaffer will be greatly
appreciated by every teacher as well as by business men. The
beautifully-colored townships will prove an invaluable aid in
giving our children a correct idea of the geography of their own
State, and M'ithout this important information our system of edu-
cation is sadly deficient. A North Carolina boy who can tell in
a moment the location of the Egyptian war or the source of the
river Nile, and yet does not know in what township he resides,
what are the adjoining townships and counties, what and where
are the principal rivers and mountains, nor even how he would
find his way to, Raleigh, has not been properly taught, and he
will find thfit he is without the very information which will be
found most useful and valuable to him in every-day life and
business.
This number of The Teacher has been somewhat delayed,
in waiting for another portrait, and we were compelled at last to
go to press without it. It will appear in the next issue.
344 THE NOPvTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
We present in this number of the Teacher our fourth
portrait of the series of leading North Carolina educators —
Prof Charles E. Taylor, President of Wake Forest College.
The likeness is a good one, and the portrait will be Avelcomed by
the large number of his " boys " and friends throughout the State.
There "will probably be a larger number of teachers iu the
Normal schools this summer than at any time since the estab-
lishment of the schools, if the sessions are held at a more con-
venient time. AVe hope the State Board of Education will
arrange to open all the schools at the same time — about July 1st,
for by this arrangement many of the teachers who will be at the
Teachers' Assembly will have an opportunity of attending some
of the Normal schools. The Assembly is in hearty co-operation
with all the Normals, and will hold its session just at the season
between the close of the private schools and the opening of the
Normals, and thus the teachers, by the brief mountain sojourn,
may rest the tired body and mind, and recuperate their strength
preparatory to beginning the Normal work, which will then be
much more beneficial than if undertaken immediately at the
close of the fatiguing school terms.
Yes, the old North State is beginning to awake to the impor-
tance of industrial training. The Teacher has been a constant
advocate of an industrial school in the State as a feature of
prime necessity in a successful school system. The Legislature
is now^ becoming actiye in this direction; the press of the State
is earnestly agitating the question, and North Carolina is now
ready and anxious for an industrial school. We need a good
one. We do not want it as an adjunct to the University, but we
want a separate institution that will do its own work and pay its
own expenses. Let it be strictly and honestly an industrial
school, thoroughly known as such, so that when a boy enters his
name as a student, he will know that he has entered an indus-
trial school. No other institution can be established in Nortlx
Carolina which will pay better in actual results than a good
school of industrial trainino'.
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 345
As WE GO TO PRESS tlic House of Representatives has passed
the "University Bill." This act provides an additional appro-
priation of $15,000 annually in aid of the University and estab-
lishes a Chair of Pedagogics as part of the regular course of
instruction. The summer Normal School at Chapel Hill is
thereV)y abolished and the $2,000 which has been used for this
'purpose is returned to the State Board of Education, to be
divided among the other Normal schools of the State.
We had pleasant visits a few days ago from the following
County Superintendents: Messrs. Grady, of Duplin; Robinson,
of Cumberland ; Bundy, of Richmond ; Clarke, of Halifax ; Mer-
ritt, of Chatham; Westray, of Nash, and Jenkins, of Granville.
These gentlemen are greatly interested in the new school bill, and
express perfect confidence in the willingness and ability of the
legislators and Major Finger, the State Superintendent, in pro-
viding a good school svstem for the State.
A MEETING of the County Superintendents of Public Instruc-
tion for North Carolina was held on the 6th instant, for the pur-
pose of considering the changes which are needed towards per-
fecting our school system. Mr. B. F. Grady, Jr., of Duplin,
was President of the meeting, and Mr. Eugene T. Jones, of Wake,
was chosen Secretary. At the cordial invitation of Maj. Finger,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the meeting was held
in his office. The privileges of the meeting were kindly extended
to the editor of The North Carolina Teacher, and the
entire day was spent in most pleasant consultation with Major
Finger upon the proposed changes and necessities of the public
school law. The following resolution was offered by Mr. E. T,
Jones, and unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that, recogniz-
ing the ability of our State Superintendent, Hon. S. M. Finger,
to recommend all changes that may be necessary in the revision
of the present public school law of the State, and confiding in
the intellio'ence of our legislators and their high regard for the
promotion of popular education, we, the representatives of the
State Association of County Superintendents, deem it imnecessary
for us to take any official action touching the proposed changes.
346 THE NOETH CAEOLINA TEACHER.
ABOUT OUR TEACHERS, •
Miss Bettie Case is teaching at Elbaville, Davie county.
Mrs. Sallie Warren is teaching in Rockingliam county.
Mr. a. L. Smoot is teaching at Mt. Vernon, Rowan county.
Mr. D. J. Graham is teaching at Fleming, Catawba county.
Miss Bettie Warren is teaching at Greenville, Pitt county.
Mr. J. M. Meredith has a fine school near Pond Post-office.
Mr. D. J. Little is teaching at Bost's Mills, Cabarrus county.
Miss Stella Millard, of Goldsboro, is teaching at Graham.
Mr. S. a. Pugh is teaching near Merry Oaks, Chatham county.
Mrs. B. O. Savage has opened a school at Palmyra, Pitt county.
Mrs. F. W. Hitchcock is teaching a private school at Hickory.
Miss Luette Wall has a school at Tarboro, Edgecombe county.
Mr. J. N. Thompson, of Alamance, is teaching near Cedar Cliff.
Mr. J. C. Turner is teaching at Chestnut Grove, Iredell county.
Mr. M. M. Hasten is teaching near Kernersville, Forsyth county.
Miss Ida Nance has a good school at Yadkinville, Yadkin county.
Miss Lutie Lunsford is teaching at Mt. Energy, Granville county.
Mr. John W. Heath is teaching at Williamsburgh, Iredell county.
Miss Corrina Powell is teaching near the *'Oaks," Wake county.
Mr. R. a. Mims, of Harnett, is teaching near Varina, Wake county.
Miss Lorena Reynolds is teaching at New Garden, Guilford county.
Mr. W. K. McDowell is teaching at Island Ford, Rutherford county.
Mr. J. T. Paris has a good school at Bethany Church, Iredell county.
Mr. Wilson Carrowan is teaching at CNeal's Chapel, Hyde county.
Miss Dora Holmes has a good school at Mt. Energy, Granville county.
Miss Julia Perry is teaching at White's Cross Roads, Halifax county.
Mr. Joseph Williams has a good school at St. Paul, Cleveland county.
Mr. J. L. Butt is Principal of Beech Grove Academy, Beaufort county.
Mr. T. B. Tunstall has opened a school at Holly Hill, Pamlico county.
Mr. W. W. DeVault has 65 pupils in his school at Morganton, Burke
county. \
Miss Bettie Stansil, of Clayton, is teaching school at Bethesda, Johnston
county.
THE NORTH CAROLHSTA TEACHER. 347
Mk. C. B. Williams is conducting a good scliool at Old Trap, Camden
county.
Mr. M. a. Underwood is teaching at the Swearingin School, Stanley
county.
Miss Emma Johnson has a good school at Trinity College, Randolph
county.
Mr. Thomas J. Price has a prosperous school at Centre Church, Union
county.
Miss Annie E. Thompson is, teaching in Baldwin township, Chatham
county.
Maj. L. D. Andrews is Principal of a good school at Norwood, Stanly
county.
Miss Mattie J. Raterree is teaching at King's Mountain, Cleveland
county.
Miss Agnes Grady has taken a place as teacher in the Kinston Graded
School.
Miss Kate E. Dameron and Mr. R. S. Powell have charge of schools
near RufBn.
Mr. F. M. Hinson is Principal of Bethel Academy, Arlington, Mecklen-
burg county.
Mr. H. Spencer is assistant principal of Trap Hill Normal Institute,
Wilkes county.
Mr. J. H. Moore, Principal, has enrolled 115 pupils in Nahunta Academy,
Wayne county.
Miss English has resigned as a teacher at Davenport Female College,
Caldwell county.
Mrs. E. G. Thompson has taken charge of the music department in Eliza-
beth City Academy.
Mrs. T. G. Cozart has taken a position as teacher in the Methodist Female
Seminary at Durham.
Prof. J. C. McEwen, of W^atauga county, has a good school at Beaver
Creek, Wilkes county.
Miss Mabel Clendennin has a flourishing school of 41 pupils at Mel-
ville, Alamance county.
Miss Bettie Kinsey will assist Prof. White in the LaGrange Collegiate
Institute, Lenoir county.
Miss Cottie Wilkinson has resumed the exercises of her school at
Leech ville, Hyde county.
Mrs. Junius Gardner has taken the position of assistant in Shelby High
Scliool, Cleveland county.
348 THE NORTH CAEOLIXA TEACHER.
Miss Maggie E. Harward has an enrollment of 57 pupils in Piney Grove
Academy, Durham county.
Miss Carrie Jackson has resumed the exercises of her music school at
Pittsboro, Chatham county.
Mr. p. M. Barber is teacher of vocal music in Pleasant Hill High Schuol,
Elevation, Johnston county.
Rev. G. p. Hamrick, a graduate of Wake Forest College, lias a good
school in Cleveland county.
Miss Ellen Parker, of Raleigh, has taken charge of a private school
near Wilton, Granville county.
Miss Lucy Gray Freeman, of Rolesville, Wake county, has a good
school at Castalia, Nash county.
Mr. Henry' Mallett is making a fine impression as Principal of Svvans-
boro Academy, Onslow county.
Miss Alice Pell has resigned her position as teacher in Davenport
Female College, Caldwell county.
Mr. L. H. Ross, a Chautauquan of '84, has an enrollment of 63 pupils at
Richland Academy, Beaufort county.
Mr. E. Y. Perr1% Principal of the Male and Female Academy, at Hook-
erton, Greene county, has a fine school.
Prof. A. C. Monroe, a graduate of Davidson Collge, is one of the faculty
of Oakdale Academy, Alamance county.
Miss Fannie Brittain, of Summerfield, has accepted a position as gov-
erness in a family near Yadkin College.
Miss Maggie Hines, of Granville, is teaching music in Prof. McKinnon's
school at Laurinburg, Richmond county.
Mr. E. E. Raper, Superintendent of Public Instruction for Davidson
county, has obtained license to practice law.
Prof. W. L. Poteat, of Wake Forest College, visited the World's Expo-
sition at New Orleans during the past month.
Prof. J. A. Holmes, of our University, has obtained permission from the
Trustees to spend his next vacation in Europe.
Rev. C. W. Byrd, of Morehead City, will deliver tiie literary address at
Vine PTill Academy, Scotland Neck, next June.
Mr. H. M. Eure, formerly of Black Creek Academy, has entered Trinity
College, where he will take a theological course. \
Prof. Noble, the efficient Superintendent of the Wilmington Graded
Schools, gave us a pleasant call on the 14th instant.
Mr. W. J. Stuart, County Superintendent of Public Instruction, for
Moore county, is, we regi'et to hear, in poor health.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 349
Miss Hattie Parker, :i gi-iidunte of Peace Institute, is giving great satis-
laction as Principal of Varina Institute, Wake county.
Dr. A. D. Mayo, editor of the Boston Journal of Education, lectured in
Winston, and visited tlie schools there, January 20th.
The schooi^ of Rev. J. \\ . Holt, at Company Shops, Alamance county, is
doing well ; 44 pupils having been enrolled this session.
Mi.¥S Lila Johnston, of Lincolnton, who is highly endorsed as a teacher,
has opened a primary sciiool at Shelby, Cleveland county.
Prof. Hasell Norwood, a gentleman of several years' experience in
leaching, has a good school at Madison, Rockingham county.
Prof. E. H. Lipscombe, a graduate of Shaw University, Raleigh, has a
very good high school for the colored at Dallas, Gaston county.
Mr. J. H. Weathers, of Raleigh, has accepted the position of Professor
of Penmanship in Smithdeal's Business College at Greensboro.
Miss Bettie Sharpe has resigned her place as assistant in Beaufort High
School, Carteret county, and has returned to her home at Statesville.
Prof. George R. McNeill, one of the best teachers in the State and a
successful institute worker is building up a fine school at Reidsville.
Mr. Z. V. Peed, of Wake county, is one of the editors of the Oakdale Stu-
dent, published in the interest of Oakdale Academy, Alamance county.
Miss Mollie Mebane and sister have schools near Bethlehem Church,
Rockingham county. The former an academy and the latter a music school.
Capt. a. C. Davis, of the LaGrange Military School, is preparing to erect
additional barracks to accommodate the increased number of cadets in attend-
ance.
Messrs. R. W. Hatcher and E. T. Phillips have begun the spring session
of Salem High School at Archer Lodge, Johnston county, with glowing pros-
pects.
Mr. H. M. Gates, A. B., a graduate of Wake Forest College, and a teacher
of seventeen years' experience, is Principal of Mt. Pisgah Academy, Chatham
county.
Prof. James Delk, for many years connected with the Baptist Female
Institute at Murfreesboro, expects to locate near Elizabeth City and engage in
teaching.
Dr. R. a. YorxG has been invited to deliver the annual sermon and liter-
arv address before the graduating class at Greensboro Female College in
June next.
Rev. a. D. Hepburn, late President of Davidson College, has been elected
Professor of Greek and the English Language and Literature in the Miami
University, Ohio.
350 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
Miss Norwood, who is in charge of the art department at Davenport
Female College, is spoken of, by the Lenoir Topic, as "one of the most skillful
artists in America."
Prop. F. A. Fetter, Principal of Edenton Graded School, has, we regret -
to hear, been quite ill. He is a graduate from, and was for several years a
tutor in our University.
Prof. H. T. Burke is County Superintendent of Public Instruction for
Aelxander county. He has an excellent school at Taylorsville, but has room
for a few more young men.
Miss E. Freelove Henry, late one of the faculty at Ciaremont College,
Hickory, Catawba county, has accepted a position as teacher in Davenport
Female College, Caldwell county.
Capt. N. p. Rankin, Principal of the Franklin (Macon county) High
School, has carved out two beautiful balsam canes — one for President Cleve-
land and the other for Governor Scales.
Mr. W. J. Owen, of Transylvania county, has purchased a site and will
erect a first-class school building, to be styled the " Western Baptist High
School," at Hamburg, Jackson county.
Mr. Jesse D. Mqrgan, who spent a year at our University studying the
theory and art of teaching, is Assistant Principal of Pleasant Hill High
School at Elevation, Johnston county.
Prof. J. L. Tomlinson has arranged for a course of lectures to be deliv-
ered in Winston this winter, for the purpose of establishing a library for the
graded school there. Ahead, as usual.
Prof. Robert Ward has an enrollment of 80 pupils at Bethel Academy,
Pitt county. An addition to the building has been erected, and the school
will be furnished with "Fashion Desks," &c.
Mr. Z. D. McWhorter, of Greenville, Pitt county, a Chautauquan of
1884, has taken charge of Kelvin Grove Academy, Wake county. We pre-
predict for him a bright future as an educator.
Mr. S B. Turrentine, a graduate of our University, is Principal of
Union Academy, Chatham county. His school is in a flourishing condition,
and requires the assistance of foiu- lady teacliers.
Prof. J. A. Anthony, assisted by Mrs. Love, has a school of 120 pupils
at Grover, Cleveland county. The school has made rapid strides in ad^'ance-
ment since Prof. Anthony assumed the principalship.
Hon. a. H. Merritt has been elected Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion for Chatham county. He is a graduate of our University, and well fitted
for the position. No better selection could have been made.
Prof. Richard A. Proctor of London, a distinguished author, and
Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, lectured before the pupils of Wil-
son Collegiate Institute on "God's Universe" on the 2Sth of January.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 351
Mr. W. J. ScROGGS, Principal of Mt. Olive High School, Wayne county,
writes that he will soon have 100 pupils, and that a good two-story academy
building, well arranged and conveniently located, has jnst been completed.
Miss Annie L. Smith, a Chautauquan of 1884, is assisting her uncle,
Mr. N. L. Smith, in the school at Leaksville, Kockingham county. The new
education is practiced to some extent, and is found both pleasant and profit-
able.
Prof. Price Thomas, of the New Bern Graded School, has received from
the Trustees of the Peabody Fund a large, elegant and beautiful gold medal,
to be given the pupil of that school wiio shows the best record in scholarship,
deportment and attendance during the present school year.
Prof. George T. Winston, of the University, has consented to deliver a
lecture for the benefit of the Winston Graded School. Prof. Winston is, says
the Winston Sentinel, without question, one of the most scholarly and cultured
gentlemen in the State, and witlial is a most delightful speaker.
Prof. L. E. Quinn, of the Charlotte Graded School, gave us a call during
the week of Governor Scales' inauguration. He is a thorough, live teacher,
whether you see him as a citizen or as a citizen-soldier, in the handsome uni-
form of the Hornet's Nest Rifles — in which latter capacity he visited our city.
Rev. a. W. Mangum, D-. D., of our University, has just issued from the
Southern Methodist Publishing House, of Nashville, Tennessee, an address to
boys, entitled "Your Life Work — What Shall it Be?" It is a pamphlet of
80 pages, and like everything from Dr. Mangum's polished pen, is well worth
reading.
Mr. Herbert D. Ward, a graduate of Amhurst College, and Principal of
Newton High School, Catawba county, paid us a pleasant visit on the 2 2d of
January. We regard hin-i as a most valuable acquisition to the educational
corps of our State, and predict for him a bright future. We gladly welcome
him to the Old North State.
Miss Annie H. Noble, of Boston, has been engaged as presiding teacher
in Davenport College at Lenoir, Caldwell county. She is the daughter of a
Methodist minister, and comes with the highest recommendation for scholar-
ship, refinement and high moral character. Edward Everett Hale says in an
autograph letter, "I have seldom seen a more refined and cultivated ladyj'
We much regret to hear of the death of Mrs. Matloon, wife of Rev Dr.
Mattoon, President of Biddle Institute, Charlotte. She was a lady of exalted
merit, and highly esteemed by her associates.
"The Christian may smile, when such a life
Gives up the battle of earthly strife;
Smile to know tiiat her tasks are done.
Her trials ended and glory won.
For tears are vain when a soul so bright
Wings its way to the gates of life."
352 THE NORTH CAEOLINA TEACHER.
Prof. Ira T. Turlington (Ph. B., University of N. C.) has a flonrishinsj
school at Elevation, Johnston county. He has a large school building, well
furnished with desks, maps, charts, globes, &c. In the primary department
he uses almost entirely the object method. His institution is known as the
Pleasant Hill High Scliool, and he reports an enrollment of over 50 pupils.
Prof. Alexander McIver, late State Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion of North Carolina, was married at Roselyn Cottage, Chatham county
(the residence of the bride's father), on the 30th of December, 1884, to
Miss Kate, daughter of Matthew Gilmour, Jilsq., late of Rugar, Scotland.
Kev. W. S. Lacy, of the Presbyterian Church, united the happy couple. Prof.
McIver was a Chautauquan of 1884, and is third A^ice-President of tlie North
Carolina Teachers' Assemblv.
BOOK NOTICES.
How TO Teach Reading. By Caroline B. LeRow. New York : Clark
& Maynard. Price 12 cents. The author of this little treatise has been
instructor of elocution in Smith's and Vassar Colleges, and has given the sub-
ject of reading special thought; and the ideas as presented in iier brief treatise
will repay any teacher many fold who will study them.
Elements op Geometry. By Eli T. Tapyan. New York : D. Appleton
& Co. Dr. Tappan's work is sure to be well received by teachei'S. It is writ-
ten with the greatest care, and the whole doctrine of Elementary Geometry
is stated clearly and in good English. The work embodies all' the experience
and suggestions of the class-room, and thus many of the great hinderances to
the successful study of Geometry, which are sometimes seen in text books, are
absent here.
Extracts prom Rousseau's Emile. Translated by Eleanor Worthing-
ton, late of Cook County Normal School, Illinois. Boston: Ginn & Heath.
Every teacher ought to be familiar with the remarkable thoughts of Emile.
His works contain the germ of all that is useful in the present system of
education. These "Extracts" are divided into three* books: " The Infant,''
"The Child,'' and "The Youth," and an admirable introduction and notes are
written by Jules Stegg, Paris.
Calisthenics and Disciplinary Exercises. By E. V. DeGraff, A. M.
Syracuse: C. W. Barden. Price 15 cents. The teachers of North Carolina
know Prof. DeGrafT, and therefore know that whatever he says or writes is
good and practical. Calisthenic exercises are certain to find an early intro-
duction into every school, as both teacher and pupils like the beautiful and
healthy motions. The instruction given in this little book is so plain that
every teacher can easily put it into practice.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 353
Elements of Zoology. By C. T. Holder and J. B. Holder, M D. New
York : D. Appleton & Co. Tliis i.s the fourth of " Appleton's Science Text-
hooks." Tlie study of Zoology is coniparatively recent in our schools and acade-
mies, but as this brancli has been introduced it has become popular. The
Messrs. Holder have given to the profession a work wllich will be found just
tiie thing in every way, including in its beautifully printed and illustrated
pages everything that can be desired in a model text-book of Zoology. It pre-
sents "in concise and plain language and in the light of the latest research
and investigation the life-histories of the various groups that constitute the
animal kingdom."
Elements op English Speech. By Isaac Bassett Choate. New York :
D. Appleton & Go. This is not intended to be a text-book on language, nor is
it in any way designed to supplement the text-books, but its object is to
enc<iurage the reader to study our language more critically in all its forms and
elements. Such investigation will prove useful in solving many of the prob-
lem speculiar to English, and disclose the beauties and excellence of our
mother-tongue. In tliis little work great numbers of illustrations are drawn
from other languages, and this method of studying words and constructions
will be found exceedingly interesting. Such a book as this has been needed
and it will be greatly enjoyed by every reader.
(Classics for Children. Boston: Ginn & Heath. This collection of
works from standard authors, specially adapted to children from nine to fifteen
years of age, will be popular with every live teacher. It was certainly a
"happy thought" in Messrs. Ginn & Heath to provide such gems for the
children. The series now embraces the following works : " Robinson Crusoe,"
edited by Prof. W. H. Lambert, price 35 cents; "Stories pf the Old World,"
prepared by Rev. Alfred J. Church, price 40 cents; " Merchant of Venice,"
edited by Hudson & Lamb, price 25 cents; "Scott's Quen tin Durward," by
Charlotte M. Young, price 40 cents; "Memory Gems in Prose and Verse,"
selected by Prof. W. H. Lambert, price 35 cents ; " Scott's Lady of the
Lake," price 35 cents ; " Kingsley's Greek Heroes," edited by John Tetlow,
price 35 cents; "Kingsley's Water Babies," edited by J. H. Stickney, price
35 cents. These capital little books will create in the children a taste for
good and standard literature, and there will not be so much need for laws for
the suppression of pernicious reading. VV'e hope it will not be long before
we can find these "Classics" in every North Carolina school, for the use of
them will tend to the elevation of both the teacher and pupils.
VALUABLE
School and TextBooks.
WOBCESTER'S DICTIONARIES.
THE BEST! AND STANDARD! SEVEN EDITIONS!
"THE POCKET," "PRIMARY,"
"SCHOOL," "COMPREHENSIVE,"
"4CADEMIC," "OCTAVO,"
And UNABRIDGED QL-ARTO.
SANFORD'S ARITHMETICS AND ALGEBRA,
THIS SERIES PLMBRACES
PRIMARY ANALYTICAL ARITHMETIC,
INTERMEDIATE ANALYTICAL ARITHMETIC,
COMMON SCHOOL ANALYTICAL ARITHMETIC,
And HIGHER ANALYTICAL ARITHMETIC,
Also,SANFORD'S ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA.
THE ABOVE ARE
Authorized Text-Books
FOR USE IN THE
SCHOOLS OF NORTH CAROLINA.
LIPPINCOTT'S SCIENCE SERIES,
CONSISTING or
LESSONS IN CHEMISTRY. By Prof. Wm. H. Greene, M. D.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. With A Key. Bv Professors Sharpless and
Piiilips.
ASTRONOMY. Bv the same authors.
CUTTER'S COMPREHENSIVE ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND
HYGIENE. By Prof. .John C. Cutter, B. S., M. D.
«S=-OTHER VOLTUMES IN PREPARATION. =®a
LIPPINCOTT'S POPULAR SERIES OF READERS.
Tliis Series consists of Si.x Books, First to Sixtli inclusive.
Descriptive Catalogues containing full lists of Educational Publications sent to
any aildress on application. Addiess,
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., - - - Publishers,
715 AND 717 MARKET STREET. PHILADELPHIA.
Or, M. V. CALVIN, Genera! Agent, Augusta, Ga.
CAPTAIN JOHN J. FRAY,
LATE PRINCIPAL OF RALEIGH MALE ACADEMY, AND PRESIDENT OF
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, March. 1885. No. 9.
BIBY HSS GONE TO SCHOOL.
The baby has gone to school ; ah, me !
What will the mother do,
With never a call to button or pin,
Or to tie a little shoe?
How can she keep herself busy all day
With the little hindering thing away?
Another basket to fill with lunch,
Another good-by to say,
And the mother stands at the door to see
Her baby march away.
And turns with a sigh, that is half relief.
And half a something akin to grief.
She thinks of a possible future morn.
When the children, one by one.
Will go from their home out in the world
To battle with life alone.
And not even the baby left to cheer
The desolate home of that future year.
She picks up garments here and there.
Thrown down in careless haste,
And tries to think how it would seem
If nothing were displaced.
If the home were always as still as this.
How could she bear the loneliness?
-Selected.
356 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
RISE IND PROGRESS OF THE KINDERGARTEN.
BY MISS LUCY M. KOBINSON, OF CHARLOTTE GKADED SCHOOL.
A pretty village in a valley with its neat cottages, home-like
gardens, and general suggestion of congenial and friendly sur-
roundings, is a most attractive sight. At least so Frederick
Froebel thought in 1840, as he stood on a hill above Blanken-
burg. Suddenly he stopped his musings to rejoice over an idea
he had long been seeking. It was the birthday of a name which
ere long came to be the rallying word of enthusiastic educators.
Kindergarten — child garden — he said the name shall be. The
reality had been conceived several years before, and was already
carried into successful execution.
From that day to this the garden has grown till it is a vast
estate, with many owners, and heirs innumerable. We, fellow-
teachers, may settle on this estate j;s enterprising people preempt
their farms in the Territories, improve the claim, and in a few
years prove up and have our share, not of the Uncle Sam — but of
the new education inheritance. Then we can be generous to the
pupils seeking aid of us.
Doubtless it is for some good purpose in the divine plan that
the blessings we do not get are the ones we consider greatest. We
see at least, a great advance in education growing out of this
peculiarity. Two men not having a happy childhood have
devoted the energies of a full, true manhood to the increasing of
happiness for all childhtKxl with most successful results. Pesta-
lozzi came first. He had to begin over his childhood and learn
to read after reaching manhood. Notwithstanding this disadvan-
tage, to-dav the world looks back at his deeds and thanks God
for his great, generous life-work — the impetus he gave the cause
of education. This he did by developing the principles of edu-
cation and bringing them into public notice.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 357
At the close of the 18th century, Frederick Froehel was a
lonely, motherless German boy, who was so shut out from huuian
hearts that he early learned to go close to Nature's heart in his
pitiful childish musings. At indifferent schools, from various
private tutors, and at the University of Jena, his education was
obtained. His love of the natural sciences causes many to feel it
was a loss to the world because he did not devote his life to that
field of labor. The philosophy of life was a subject of constant
and increasing interest to hin\. The pursuits of his early years
were constantly changing. After deciding to become an architect
and spending some time in that occupation, feeling his heart was
uot in the work, he decided to change to the more noble building
of human character. Less tangible to the actual eye, the work is
more lasting in reality. After a short experience in teaching,
hearing much of the fame of Pestalozzi, he went to Switzerland
and spent three years in preparing more thoroughly for the
profession through which he hoped to be of much service to
mankind.. Much he gained there, and much he added to the
new methods of education then generally discussed.
Payne says of him, " Froebel takes a crude, unconditioned
notion of Pestalozzi and organizes it into a clear and consistent
rule of action." Returning to Germany, he established a school
as an experiment, where his ideas were carried out. Like all
enthusiastic reformers, he gathered about him many followers —
partakers in the ideas and co-workers in the reform education.
Many schools were organized by him and by them. His con-
tinued earuestness and the happy atmosphere he kept about his
pupils is quite surprising when we reflect that, like many other
workers in the cause, he was for years on the verge of financial
bankruptcy.
The longer Froebel studied the principles of education and
the results of teaching, the greater he considered the importance
of early influence and training. The Kindergarten he called his
last child. When a gray-haired man, he began his play schools
with little children. He advocated the same efforts for natural
and uniform development with pupils of all ages, and objective
358 TBE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
and subjective methods combined. Creating a desire for, and
training the pupil to have the ability to gain knowledge being
ever considered of greater importance than the forced acquisition
of it. Froebel, ever going to Nature for his model, noticing a
divine being had planted a desire for play in all children, rea-
soned that the right method of developing the child must be
through plays. It was his desire that all mothers should be so
trained that they might begin a natural course of development
from the earliest plays of the child. Beginning when a few
months old, these plays should progress till the child was three
years old, when he considered the best training could be accom-
plished with groups of children or small kindergartens, where
the child had best continue till seven years old.
The series of "gifls" he conceived are the ball, cylinder and
cube; followed by the cube divided into smaller cubes; then by
the cube divided into various geometrical solids ; these in turn
followed by a series of geometrical flat figures, beginning with the
square as simplest. The amount of discipline, mental growth
and ability in execution to be developed by these gifts is truly
surprising. To these have been added the slat, thread, stick and
ring work. Next to the gifts in importance come the occupa-
tions, consisting of pricking designs, net-work drawing, mat
plaiting, paper interlacing and paper folding. The popularity
of clay modeling is everywhere conspicuous at present. The
merry songs and games, the general lunch, and the polite train-
ing form a prominent part of all true kindergartens.
These happy gardens for developing childhood have already a
place far from the German home-land, in Russia, France, Eng-
land and our own country.
Miss Peabody and Mrs. Mann M'ere the first kindergarten
workers in this country, and they began at the *'Hub." Prof.
John Kraus, and Madam Krales-Boette who was a co-worker
with the widow of Froebel, established a model kindergarten
and training school for kindergarteners in New York City,
and have for several years been foremost workers. To be wholly
enthused one need only spend a morning in their kindergarten.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 359
It hardly seems possible that the reality could so nearly reach
the ideal, as one sees in the joyous development of child-life
there.
Miss Blow, of St. Louis, the first graduate of the above school,
has been a leading worker in her city, where the problem of the
advisability of engritftiug the kindergarten on the public school
system has had a practical solution. Their experiment has been
rewarded with marked success. Prof. Harris, of St. Louis, and
Prof. Hailmau, of Milwaukee, have zealously worked for the
general introduction of the kindergarten.
All over the laud these schools are rapidly growing in favor.
Sometimes their growth has been retarded by false workers who
have taken the name without the spirit or the training for the
work ; but in the main they have been successful. The results
of these schools have been : a superior average intelligence of
children, increased powers of observation, quick comprehension,
artistic taste, power of invention, improved physical development,
gracefulness of movement, manual skill, and the ability to express
ideas with accuracy and fluency.
There is no training to read or write, yet when children at six or
seven years of age come from these schools to the regular schools
they invariably lead their classes, and throughout the grades show
good results of the early training. Their moral nature is devel-
oped and they readily submit to discipline. Since the kinder-
garten child gains not only knowledge but the power of gaining
knowledge, the germ of growth is within himself and the influ-
ence extends over his whole life.
Only a glance can we take at the advanced schools in our coun-
try that have taken the lead in the new education, and we
will include them as grown-up kindergartens. The first one
founded in this country was at Oswego, N. Y., about fifty years
ago. From its organization, Prof. Krusi, whose father was a
worker with Pestalozzi, has been one of its most enthusiastic
spirits. Hundreds of graduates have gone out from that insti-
tution to remember forever with admiration and gratitude Prof.
Krusi and»Dr. Sheldon who for half a century have devoted
360 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
themselves to bringing about a niore natural method of teaching.
Their former pupils, teachers now, are scattered from Australia
westward to the Sandwich Islands : may they be worthv those
they follow.
Many are the schools now working with natural methods, so
we only watch the leading ones. For a few years we kept our
eyes on Quincy, following Col. Parker to Cook county, Illinois.
We stand now, saying "M'hat next" from Col. Parker or Prof,
Straidit?
MARSHAL NEY IN NORTH ClROLINl.
A correspondent of the Church Messenger, writing from Wash-
ington City, gives the following interesting account of this dis-
tinguished Frencli jNIarshal :
A writer in the London Times, last fall, soon after the death
of the Duke of Wellington, says : " The late Duke of Welling-
ton twice told me that his father did his utmost, privately, to save
the life of jSIarshal Xey, in vain ; and that it was wholly in con-
sequence of the absolute refusal of the King of France's Minis-
ters to advise him to grant the Duke's request that he, as a mat-
ter of duty, abstained from publicly asking of Louis XVIII.
this favor. The Duke gave me liberty to make this public after
his death, and I think it right to do so."
When I read this it recalled to my mind much I had heard in
Xorth Carolina, and>--I think it would be difficult to make some
of the folks there believe that ]Marshal Xey was shot at the gate
of the Luxembourg Gardens, they are so well assured that he
lived and died among them. Peter Stuart Xey, as he called him-
self, landed at Charleston, S. C, on the 29th of January, 1816—
the supposed execution of Marshal Xey having taken place on
the 7th of December, 1815, He lived at several places in South
Carolina and Virginia until, in 1824, he came to Iredell county,
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 361
and was engaged by Col. Francis Young to tcaeli languages to
his sons at Oak Hill Academy. He continued to teach in this
neighborhood for many years. He Avas a very good scholar, a
splendid mathematician, and magnificent penman, a first-class
disciplinarian, though very popular with his students and much
l)eloved by them. He was always reticent with strangers, and
rarely, if ever, spoke of his connection with the French army,
even to his most intimate friends, unless his tongue was loosened
by an extra glass of wine or brandy, which was too often the case.
On one occasion, when he had become very much intoxicated,
he narrated to Col. T. F. Houston all about the famous retreat
from Moscow, and how Napoleon had embraced him and called
him "the bravest of the brave." At another time, when he w-as
lying on a bed, under the influence of liquor, he talked over to
himself the circumstances of his supposed execution — said it was
his old soldiers who were detailed for this service, and they were
secretly told to "aim high." They fired above him, but he fell,
and was pronounced dead by the physician, who. was in the con-
spiracy, when his body was given to his friends and he was secretly
taken to Bordeaux, from whence he sailed to America.
He was recognized when on board ship by a French soldier
who had deserted. This man accosted him one day and told him
he thought he knew him. He replied, " Whom do you think
that I am ?" The soldier said, " My old commander, Marshal
Ney." In a very gruff tone he responded, "Marshal Ney was
shot in Paris, sir," and turned and went to his cabin and kept out
of sight for the rest of the voyage.
His conduct when he heard of the death of Napoleon's sou
was violent in the extreme. He behaved like a maniac, and his
friends feared suicide.
Some time after he wrote in the album of one of the school
girls these lines :
"gone with the glories, gone.
Thou,2;h I of the chosen the choicest,
To fame gave her loftiest tone,
Though I mong the brave was the bravest,
My plume and my baton are gone !
362 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
My eagle that mounted to conquest
Hath stooped from his altitude high ;
A prey to a vulture the foulest,
No more to revisit the sky.
One sigh to the hopes that have perished,
One tear to the wreck of the past ;
One look upon all I have cherished,
One lingering look — 'tis the last.
And now from remembrance I banish
The glories that shone in my train ;
Oh vanish, fond memories, vanish ;
Return not to sting me again.
May 26, 1836. P. S. Net."
He died at the house of Mr. O. G. Foard, Rowan county, and
was buried there in Third Creek church-yard.
His last words were these :
" Bassieres has fallen, and the Old Guard is defeated. Let me die 1"
And so the great soldier came to his end. An exile on a
foreign shore ! 'Only a mysterious French teacher ! It is a sad
but a very interesting bit of history ; and, as I said before, those
among whom he spent his last days are confideut that North Caro-
lina soil hold the mortal remains of the great Marshal Ney.
OUR BOYS.
Boys should never go through life satisfied to be always bor-
rowing other people's brain. There are some things they should
find out for themsely^es. There is always something waiting to
be found out. Every boy should think some thought that will
live after him. A farmer's boy should discover for himself what
timber will bear the most weight, which is the most elastic, what
will last longest in the water, what out of water, what is the best
time to cut down trees for firewood. How many kinds of oak-
grow in your region, and what is each specially good for? How
does a bird- fly without moving a wing or a feather? How does
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 363
a snake climb a tree or a brick-wall? Is there any difference
l)etweeu a deer's track and a dog's track? What is it? How
often does a deer shed his horns, and what becomes of them ? In
bnilding a chimney, which should be the largest, the throat or the
funnel? Should it be wider at the top, or drawn in? The boys
see white horses. Did they ever see a white colt? Do they know
how old the twig must be to bear peaches, and how old the vine
is when grapes first hang upon it? There is a bird in the forest
which never builds a nest, but lays its eggs in the nests of other
birds. Can the boys tell what that bird is? Do they know that
a hop vine always winds with the sun, but a bean vine always
winds the other way? Do they know that when a horse crops
grass he eats back toward him ? But a cow eats outward from
her, because she has no teeth upon her upper jaw and has to gum
it? — Farm and. Fireside.
[For The North Carolina Teacher.]
m UNGOYERNED IMAGINATION,
BY REV. J. M. ATKINSON, D. D., RALEIGH, N. C.
Semel insaninimus omnes. We have all, at sometime, been mad.
Juvenal thought a sound mind in a sound body the best gift we
could ask of Heaven. Perfect mental health is even more rare
than perfect bodily health, and as there are latent diseases in the
body which sometimes terminate in death, so there are latent dis-
eases of the mind, which sometimes terminate in madness. The
man whose whole mind is dominated bv one idea is s-enerallv the
victim of an ill-governed imagination. Of this form of self-delu-
sion, the most remarkable illustration perhaps in the whole range
of fact or fiction, is the redoubtable Knight of La Mancha. In
this inimitable picture, Cervantes designed to portray a man of
noble nature, whose mind had been "turned awry" by the read-
si
364 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
ing of romances of chivalry; so that the real world was traus-
formed into the ideal, or confounded with it. His lady-love,
Dulcinea del Toboso, was endowed by his affluent imagination,
with all the charms and graces of her sex; but is faithfully
described by Sancho Panza, in terms too gross to be cited in a
journal which is to pass into the hands and under the eyes of so
many of the fair sex who really embody all that the gallant
author generously ascribes to the creation of his fancy. Some of
your gross masculine readers "fit for treasons, strategems, and
spoils" may not be so shocked to leara that Sancho found this
paragon of women 'Mn a great muck of sweat."
The gallant hero attacks wind-mills under the full belief, that
he is storming castles, and liberates galley slaves from an irre-
pressible passion for freedom.
The victim of an ill-governed imagination may indulge fancies
sanguine and bright; or sad and gloomy. It makes a man some-
times simply ridiculous; sometimes supremely wretched. In the
first case his self-complacency is so intense that he is like the
man Coleridge tells us of, who never referred to himself without
taking his hat oif. Whatever he does, or says, like Milton's Eve
seems to one person at least, " wisest, virtuousest, discreetest, best."
Like the miser in Horace, he says to h\mse]f pojndus me slhilaf
at mihi plaudo. The people hiss at me as I walk along the street
but I applaud myself when I think of my money-bags at home.
All the world may scorn him but he adores himself. His self-
complacency would be intolerable if it were not so amusing. He
makes the most absurd statements with the air of an oracle, and
considers the slightest dissent from his opinion as demonstration
plain of sheer stupidity or pure malice.
Some happy souls consider everything connected with them-
selves, as from that simple circumstance invested, with a sort of
sacredness. Their personality is the sunlight that gilds and
glorifies everything it falls upon. Whatever pertains to them is
ipso facto, the best of its kind. Their geese are all swans. No
one ever had such servants, no one ever had such wines. Their
children, of no particular mark or likelihoo din the eyes of
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 365
otlier people, are all destined to be the wonders of the age. Their
houses are the most convenient, l>est arranged, and tasteful to be
found anywhere. This, however absurd, is at least a harmless
and happy delusion.
But there is another class, the exact opposite of all self-tor-
mentors, the most ingenious and cruel. They suffer all the ago-
nies of martyi-dom without the credit or the merit. As soon as
anything comes into their possession it is at once emptied of its
value and shorn of its glory. Their dwelling may be the admi-
ration and envy of their neighbors, but they assure you with
pathetic accent, that there is hardly a habitable room in the house.
Their health seems to all others matter of congratulation, but you
cannot wound their feelings more deeply than by the slightest
reference to their hale and hearty looks. When they take a slight
cold they have evident symptoms of pneumonia. When the
doctor prescribes medicine for every other hour, they wish to
know if he cannot think of something to take between times. To
them as to the Prince of Denmark, "this goodly frame, the earth,
seems a sterile promontory ; this most excellent canopy, the air,
this brave o'erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted
with golden fire, why it appears to them no other thing than a
foul and pestilent congregation of vapors."
SPELLING fiND PRONUNCISTION.
The following is given as a test for ability in spelling and
pronunciation. Try it.
ROLAND AND DIANA.
Roland and Diana were lovers. Diana was ephemeral but
comely, hypocondriacal but not lugubrious, didactic but not dis-
honest, nor given toTibald or truculent grimaces. Her heart was
366 THE XORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
Dot at all adamantine, and her address was peremptory without
being diffuse. Roland, on the other hand, was of a saturnine
countenance, at once splenetic and combative in dis|X)sition, so
that his wassails and orgies were almost maniacal in their eifects.
He was a telegrapher by profession, having received a diploma
from Caius College, but aggrandized his stipend by dabbling iu
philology, orthoepy, and zoology during his leisure hours, so that
he was accused of fetichism and tergiversation by his patrons.
Still, his acumen and preisence were such that only a misogymist
would disceru that he was an aspirant for the gallows. His acetic,
rather than his ascetic nature, naturally inclined him to visit a
chemical laboratory, well filled with apparatus, to which he had
access, whence he often returned with globules of iodine and albu-
men on his caoutchouc shoes, which subjected him to the risk of
numerous altercations with his landlady, a virago and pythoness
in one, and with the servant, her accessory or ally. Roland had,
however, become acclimated to his place, received eveiything with
equability, reclined upon the divan where he contemplated the
elysium where i)iana dwelt, and addressed donative distichs to
her in the subsidence of raillery. There was a certain diocesan
who endeavored to dispo&sess Roland in the affections of Diana.
He had sent Diana a ring with onyx, a chalcedonic variety of
stone, and once hung a plaaird where he knew she would see it
from her casement, but she steadfastly rejected his overtures and
ogled him as if he were a dromedary. The ditx'esan betook him-
self to absolutory prayers, but continued his digressions and
inijuiries. Roland became cogniziiut of this amour, and, armed
with a withe, he inveighed against this "gay Lothario," who
defended himself with a falchion until Roland disarmed him,
houghing his palfrey withal. After the joust, the prebendary
abjectly apologized, albeit in a scarcely respirable condition, then
hastened to the pharmaceutic's jerie for camphor, morphine, and
quinine, and was not seen again till the next Michaelmas. Roland
returned on Thanivsgiving Day, took an inventory of his posses-
sions, which consisted of a large package of almond cement, a
package of envelopes, a dish of anchovy Siuice, a tame falcon, il
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 367
book of acoustics, a miniature of a mirage, a treatise on the
epizootic, a stomacher lined with sarcenet, a cerement of sepul-
ture, a cadaver, and a bomb. The next day the hymeneal rites
were performed, and Diana became henceforth his faithful coad-
jutant and housewife. — Exchange.
TABLE RULES FOR LITTLE FOLKS.
In silence I must take my seat
And give God thanks before I eat;
Must for my food in patience wait
Till I am asked to hand my plate;
I must not scold, nor whine, nor pout,
Nor move my chair nor plate about;
I must not speak a useless word,
For children must be seen — not heard ;
I must not talk about my food.
Nor fret if I don't think it good;
I must not say, "The bread is old,"
"The tea is hot," "The coffee's cold";
My mouth with food I must not crowd,
Nor while I'm eating speak aloud ;
The table-cloth I must not spoil.
Nor with my food my fingers soil.
Must keep my seat when I have done,
Nor round the table sport or run.
\yhen told to rise then I must put
My chair away with noiseless foot ;
And lift my heart to God above.
In praise for all His \vondrous love.
368 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
CIPTSIN JOHN J. FRflY,
We present in this number a well-executed and striking
engraving of this distinguished educator, prepared expressly for
The Xorth Carolina Teacher.
Captain John J. Fray, late senior Principal of Raleigh Male
Academy, and President of the Xorth Carolina Teachers' Assem-
bly, was born in Madison county, A^irginia, May 23, 1840. He
entered the University of Virginia at the early age of sixteen
years, and by close application to his studies, stood first in his
classes. Leaving college, he chose teaching as a profession, and
began his life-work at Memphis, Tennessee. He was there at
the breaking out of the late civil war, and immediately joined
the Confederate army, and was assigned to duty on the Missis-
sippi river. His health becoming impaired, he was transferred to
the xlrmy of Northern Virginia, and placed in command of
a battery of light artillery, stationed for a time at the historic
village of Yorktown. He afterwards joined the command of
Gen. Mosby, with whom he served with distinguished gallantry
until the close of the war.
In 1867, Captain Fray came to Wake county, Xorth Caro-
lina, and taught for ten years a very successful school at the resi-
dence of Maj. Alonzo T. Mial, about twelve miles from Raleigh.
On the 23d day of December, 1868, he was most happily
married to his cousin. Miss S. Bettie Wayland, of Culjiepper
county, Virginia, and the union was blessed by a sweet little
girl, Ethel, now six years of age.
Finding that the duties and confinement of the school-room
were taxing his physical strength too severely. Captain Fray
moved to the city of Raleigh in 1877, and for a time engaged in
merchandising. In the fall of 1878 he formed a copartnership
with Prof. Hugh Morson (University of A^irginia),. in the con-
duct of the Raleigh Male Academy, which association continued
up to the day of his death. At the age of eleven years he joined
the Lutheran Church, of which he remained throuoh life a consis-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 369
teut member. He was also a member of the Royal Arcanum,
American Legion of Honor, and the Masonic fraternity — having
attained in the last named order the rank of Knight Templar.
He died in Raleigh, on the 23d day of December, 1884 (the
sixteenth anniversary of his marriage), and was borne by the
loving hands of his Masonic brethren to Culpepper Court House,
Virginia, where his remains were deposited, and to await the
resurrection of the just.
As a student, as a soldier, as a teacher, as a husband and
father, and especially as a Christian gentleman, Captain John J.
Fray was a model in every respect, and in his daily walk and
life were seen all those beautiful traits of character which go to
make one of nature's noblemen. As a teacher he was eminently
qualified by learning, devotion to his profession and a desire to
thoroughly train and instruct those placed under his charge. He
was a man of high sense of honor, and his bearing was so gentle
and yet so dignified, firm and consistent, that he always impressed
those with whom he was associated as a thoroughly pure and
conscientious Christian gentleman, true to his convictions of
right, and striving for the right from principle. He was open,
frank, generous, courteous, and kind to all.
When the Xorth Carolina teachers met in their convention at
Waynesville last summer, his genial companionship and thorough
experience, with the latest approved methods of teaching, pointed
him out at once as a leader, and he was unanimously chosen as
the first President of that large and respectable body of teachers,
composing the "North Carolina Teachers' Assembly." He took
much interest in this great educational organization from its ear-
liest conception, often referring to the pride which he felt at its
magnitude and the benefits which he was sure the teachers and
State would receive from these annual meetings. He did not fail
to preside at a single daily session of the Waynesville meeting,
though he was often sufi^ering greatly from the encroachments of
disease. The touching sadness of his farewell words upon the
adjournment of the Assembly last summer will be long remem-
bered, seeming, as we now recall them, to shadow forth a presenti-
.370 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
nient that he would never again meet with those true, congenial
friends and co-laborers. Tlie sincere sympathies of the teachers
of the State, and of a large number of other friends and acquain-
tances are extended to the deeply afflicted wife and to little Ethel,
the greatly loved daughter, with many a wish that the child may
long live to comfort and console the devoted mother.
Captain Fray was handsome in person, accomplished in intel-
lect, polished in manners, the very mirror of honor, always kind,
gentle and considerate of the feelings and comfort of others, and it
is no wonder that he Avas selected by many parents as the instruc-
tor of their children, and that he met with great success in that
honorable calling.
Death had no terrors for him. He heard the steady, muffled
tread of the grim monster and was ready for his coming. He
stood calmly on the verge of the undiscovered country, on the
crest of that water-shed from which flow in opposite direc-
tions the rivers of time and of eternity — the one backward to
the ever lost, the other forward to the everlasting; and while his
friends were yet hoping for his recovery, he peacefully crossed
that dark line we all must pass, which separates this life from
the realms of the blessed.
" His youth was innoceiit, his riper age
Marked with some act of goodness evei-y day ;
And watehed by eyes that loved him, calm and sage,'
Faded his late declining years away.
Meekly he gave his being up, and went
To share the holy rest that waits a life well spent.'-
TEHCHERS SHOULD BE INEORMED. .
Too many of our teachers have almost no general information.
This is a very unfortunate fact. Public opinion should call for
a reform in this pai'ticular, and should demand that a teachei"
who does not keep intelligently abreast of the events of the day
ought not to take chari>;e of a school.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 371
Every teacher should not only take an educational journal, by
means of which he can keep fully informed of all improvements
in educational methods, but he (and she too) should take a good
newspaper, that will keep him posted on all important events.
Every teacher should regard it as his duty to know all that is
worth knowing of current history. Local gossip is not worth
the knowing, neither are the details of scandals, burglaries, mur-
der trials, or any of the long, foul et cceteras that defile the col-
umns of many daily papers. But the events of foreign lands,
the political movements of our, own country, the literary and
scientific history of the enlightened world — with all these the
teacher should keep apace, or, we declare it positively, he is not
fit to keep school in this wide-awake, intelligent country and era
of the world.
And every teacher thus primed with valuable information
should impart plenty of it to his pupils. Nothing wakes up
young people like instruction of this sort. It makes them feel
as if the land of knowledge through which they are called upon
to travel is not a museum of dead curiosities merely, but a col-
lection of wonderful living things. They will thus get a thirst
that will last them throuo;li life for that intelligent knowledo;e of
the world which is essential to good citizenship. There is no
necessity, outside of his own indolence and indifference, for a
teacher to be lacking in general and wide culture. His profes-
sion is full of stimulants to intelligence, and only an inexcusable
habit of idleness can hold him back from feeling the impetus of
these stimulants. Wake up, teachers, throw off that miserable
do-nothing habit, and keep abreast of the great marching world
beside you. — Michigan Moderator,
In teaching beginners to read, do not attempt to famil-
iarize them with too many words at once.
3
372 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
CHSNGES IN THE SCHOOL LIW.
We are indebted to Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent
of Public Instruction, for the following synopsis of the changes
in the public school law of the State by the late General Assem-
bly. The law will be printed in pamphlet form, for distribution^
at as early a day as practicable.
The prominent changes from the old law are indicated by the
following provisions :
1. On the first Monday in June next, and every two years
thereafter, the justices of the peace and the county commissioners
at their joint meeting, are required to elect three residents of
their county, who shall be a County Board of Education. Their
duties will be the general supervision of the school matters in
their county — mainly such as are now performed by the county
commissioners. They are to meet four times a year, with a com-
pensation of two dollars per day and mileage.
2. The county superintendent is to be secretary of the board
of education. His pay is two or three dollars per day, as the
board may determine, for the days that he is actually engaged,
and he is under the direction and supervision of the board.
He will, in addition to the ordinary duties of superintendent,
perform the duties now re(]uired by the register of deeds in
school matters. A good board will give him pay and work
within the limits of the law, according to his efficiency.
3. The Couuty Board 'of Education will hereafter not be
required to make^a per capita apportionment of the funds
among the several school districts of the county, as heretofore
required. The law requires that two-thirds of the money be
apportioned on a per capita basis, and the remaining one-third
is to be apportioned ''in such manner as to equalize school flicil-
ities to all the districts of the county, as far as may be practica-
ble and just to all concerned, "without discrimination in favor of
or to the prejudice of either race." If the board lind it desirable
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 373
SO to do, they nuiy control prices to be paid teachers, and they
are prudently to require comfortable school-houses to be pro-
vided..
These provisions indicate the important changes in the law —
all others are minor changes, made necessary to make the system
conform to these proyisions.
CHILDREN'S RIGHTS.
Mrs. Kate Hornby says that for years she has heard much of
^voman's rights, teachers' rights, and the rights of the Indians
and Chinese, of dumb beasts and creeping things, but little of
children's rights. The points she makes in her paper are so sug-
gestive that we condense them for teachers :
1. Eyery child has a right to the best food, the most comfort-
able clothing, and the best home that his parents can afford him.
When he is old enough he has a right to such employment and
amusements as will keep him from idleness and vice.
2. The child has a right to the companionship of the pure and
innocent of his own age, but aboye all, to that of his father and
mother.
3. The child's right of property should be respected. Let
him feel that whatever he has is his very own ; not in name only,
and that father, mother, brother, or sister, cannot take possession of
it when so disposed. By respecting his rights in this matter, he
will learn to respect the rights of others.
4. When a child is old enough to enter school he has a right
to a pleasant school-room, to a comfortable seat, to good ventila-
tion, and such attention from the teacher as shall prevent his
stay in school from being a physical calamity.
5. The child has a right to such mental training as shall tend
to the development of his faculties. If one is cuitiyated to the
exclusion of others, he is defrauded of his right to the full use
of all his powers.
G. The child has a right to be taught how to think; how to
find out for himself ways of doing things. How little original-
374 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
ity we find among; school-children ! Half the time, they study
and recite their lessons without ^ivino; a thought to their mean-
ing. Their essays are sketches taken from some history or
extracts from the cyclopedia.
7. The child has a right to its own individuality. A bright
little girl was put into one of our model city schools. After
attending the school, a few weeks, she was asked how she liked
it. "Well," said she, "1 suppose it is very nice, but I wish
there were some Marys and Jennies and Toms and Dicks and
Harrys there."
8. Development of insight is what the child most needs, and
here we have the whole thing in a nut-shell. Why is it that
intelligent persons who are not educated can so often arrive at
more correct conclusions than many who are educated? Simply
because they have insight. Children, then, have a right to
expect from their parents the very best opportunities that they
can give them. ^They have a right to expect from teachers the
kind of instruction that will best fit them for the peculiar work
to which they are adapted. Both parents and teachers owe them
plenty of time for their development. It took a century and a
half to complete St. Peter's church at Rome; and to complete a
beautiful, symmetrical human structure will require years of
patient toil. — Pennsylvania Journal of Education.
FAULTS OF OTHERS.
"What are others' faults to me?
I've not a vulture's bill,
To peck at every flaw I see,
And make it wider still.
It is enough for me to know
I've follies of my own;
And in my heart the care bestow,
And let my friends alone."
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 375
EDUCITIONIL NOTES.
The TOWN of Hickory, Catawba county, is taking steps to
secure a graded scliool.
Trinity College Commencement takes place on the 11th
and 12th of June next.
The Annual Address before the Graduating Class of Wake
Forest College will be delivered by the Hon. R. F. Armfield.
Can you parse this sentence: "A man, in speaking, said of
the word that, that that that that that man used was incorrect."
New Normal Schools for the whites were authorized by the
late General Assembly at Washington, Winston, Asheville and
Boone.
The Sermon at the Commencement of Shelby Female Col-
lege, in June next, will be preached by Rev. William Henry
Strickland.
Salem High School, of Huntley, Sampson county, Mr.
Isham Royal, Principal, began its twenty-first session on the
2d day of March.
The Summer Normal at Chapel Hill has been discontinued,
and m its place a Chair of Normal Instruction will be estab-
lished! in our University.
"Little Washington," as the county-seat of Beaufort is
called, has nine schools in successful operation. This is a good
showing for a little town.
Waynesyille, Haywood county, now has railroad and tele-
graph facilities, but feels it will not be a full-grown town till it
gets a first-class graded school.
The Grange High School, AVoodland, Hertford county,
Prof. J. W. Fleetwood, A. B. (a graduate of Wake Forest
College), is a prosperous school with forty pupils.
376 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Statesville Female College, under the efficient manage-
ment of Miss Fannie Everitt, is in the midst of a most success-
ful term, with a full corps of teachers in all departments.
The Davis School, at LaGrange, is enjoying a season of
unusual prosperity. Twenty-nine new students have just been
received, and the enrollment is now one hundred and thirty.
A PUBLIC SCHQOL-HOU8E in New Market township, Randolph
county, was recently destroyed by lire, together with all the books
belonging to the pupils. Miss Emma Cranford was the teacher.
Rutherford College, Burke county, is in a highly ]5ros-
perous condition, the number of students increasing almost daily.
The commencement exei'cises will be on the 26th and 27th of
May.
The annual address before the Clio Society of Oxford
Female Seminary, at next Commencement, will be delivered by
that polished orator and earnest friend of education, Rev. J. L.
M. Curry, D. D.
The PUBLIC schools of Iredell county have been better
attended during the past fall and winter than ever before. Some
of the fruits of a good institute last summer. Rev. Edward
Wooten is a live county superintendent.
Waco High School, at Waco, Cleveland county, continues
its prosperous career under the management of Prof. R. C. Ellis.
He has adopted only such methods of teaching as arc recom-
mended by the best normal schools of the State.
Oxford Fem^vle Seminary, Prof. F. P. Hobgood, Princi-
pal, has a larger numl^er of pupils registered than at any pre-
vious time in the history of this excellent school. The roll for
this session bears the names of 135 young ladies.
The Trustees of Oak Grove Academy, on Lower creek,
Caldwell county, have begun Avork on their large two-story
school building. They expect to have it completed in time for
the fall term, and wish to engage a first-class teacher.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 377
Oxford, Granville county, boasts of having eight teachers
whose names begin witli the letter H, viz. : Hoi*ner, Sr. ; Horner,
Jr. ; Horner, Hobgood, Hargrove, Hays, Henderson, Hicks. A
wag suggests that Oxford should in consequence be Happy.
The schools of Lincohi coi,inty have been better this season
than ever before. The teachers were greatly benefited in their
work by the fine institute held last summer and by the faithful
labors of Prof. D. Matt. Thompson, the county superintendent.
The annual address before the Literary Society at our
University at the approaching Commencement will be delivered
by Hon. James W. Reid, of Rockingham, the young and bril-
liant orator who has just succeeded Governor Scales in the
United States Congress.
The address before the Alpha-Beta Society of King's
Mountain High School will be delivered by Mr. Thomas Dixon,
Jr., a graduate of Wake Forest College, and the youngest mem-
ber of the North Carolina Legislature. Mr. Dixon is a natural
orator, and a fine address may be expected.
Central Institute at Littleton, Halifax county. Rev. J. M.
Rhodes, Principal, has more pupils than at any previous period
in its history. Mr. Rhodes is a graduate of Trinity College.
He desires to engage, from April 1st to June i2th, a teacher
wlio is a good scholar and familiar with the modern methods of
teaching.
Olin Academy, for males and females, at Olin, Iredell
county, is in charge of Prof. M. M. Lemmond, formerly a tutor
in Trinity College. Relying on proper management, thorough
instruction and effective discipline, the principal is determined
that this school shall be inferior to none in the country, of the
same character.
The Blair High School at High Point, Guilford county,
Prof, W. A. Blair, Principal, is one thousand feet above the
level of the sea, and equally as high in the estimation of its
378 THE NORTH CAEOLIXA TP:ACHER.
patrons. With enthusiastic and competent teachers, well up in
the modern and normal methods, it gives a thorough academic
course, and secures schools for teachers prepared therein.
The General Assembly, at its recent session, authorized
and empowered the State Board of Education in their discretion
to survey and drain the swamp lands owned by the Board in
the eastern portion of the State; and if said Board deem it best
to drain the lands placed at their disposal, 150 convicts, who are
to be supported and managed by the Penitentiary authorities,
are to work at such points as the Board may direct.
Cross Roads Academy, at Cross Roads Church, Yadkin
county. Prof. T. M. George, Principal, assisted in the Music
Department by Miss Cressie J. Teague. This school is situated
seven miles south-east of Yadkiuville, in full view of the cele-
brated Pilot Mountain, in a region noted for its healthfulness and
morals. 'The course of study is thoroughly practical, and the
school is rapidly rising in popularity and usefulness.
Elk Knob Academy, Watauga county, is a new candidate
for educational favor. It will open April 6th, under the manage-
ment of Rev. B. L. Beall and Prof H. W. Beall— the former
an old and successful educator, the latter a graduate of Davidson
College (1881), and who has also taken a special course at Easton
(Pennsylvania) University. They have a new two-story acad-
emy building 30x50, and both sexes will be admitted.
The people and press of Winston, Forsyth county, speak
in high terms of the lecture of Prof. Winston, of our University,
delivered there February 20th. The proceeds were devoted to
the placing of a tablet in Memorial Hall, at Chapel Hill, to the
memory of Col. Joseph Winston, the hero of the battle of
King's Mountain, after whom the town of Winston is named.
The fund was raised by the children of the Winston Graded
School.
AVarsaw High School buildings, at Warsaw, Duplin county,
were destroyed by fire February 21st. We sincerely sympathize
with Messrs. W. M. and D. S. Kennedy, the Principals, who
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 379
liud made this one of the best schools in the State, and we trust to
see the school continue in its career of usefulness. The citizens
have held a meeting looking to the rebuilding of the academy.
The principals have secured a building temporarily and the
exercises of the school will not be suspended.
Lenoir county has the best organized County Teachers' Asso-
ciation to be found in the State. The meeting of 28th of Feb-
ruary was specially interesting. Three new members were
admitted, and Rev. Israel Harding was elected chaplain. "How
to teach History" was ably discussed by Dr. Jl. H. Lewis and
Profs, Rouse, Goodwin and Grimsley. Mr. Harding delivered
a good lecture on "Progressive Education," beautifully contrast-
ing the ancient and the modern methods. At the next meeting
Rev. A. J. Hires will be orator, Miss Katie Lewis essayist, and
Messrs. Goodwin and Mewborn will discuss the "Results of
keeping pupils after school."
Peace Institute, Raleigh, Prof J. B. Burwell, Principal,
is holding its position as one of the foremost female schools of
the South. One of the latest improvements at "Peace" is the
removal of the Primary Department to the new building. The
little ones, in charge of Mrs. John A. McDonald, now occupy
the handsome and commodious apartment originally designed
for the studies, which, however, proved too small for the large
class of this year. The former studio has been enlarged to forty
by forty feet, and aifords ample space for the convenient and
artistic arrangement of the casts and easels. The former are
placed on movable pedestals, around which the young ladies
group themselves, and Venus, Psyche, Mercury, etc., are copied
.simultaneously from half a dozen points of view. Glass cases
are provided for china and other delicate articles. The quantity
of work already on exhibition attests the industry of the class
and promises a more than usually brilliant display for Com-
mencement.
IN THE SCHOOL--ROOM.
1 COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS FOR K BOY.
Ladies and Gentlemen r — I stand here to-day, proud to
lift my voice in behalf of my native State. And while I honor
the proud position of the other States of this Union, both
north and south of us, and would iiot, if I could, detract one
iota of their merited fame or just renown, still, as a son of North
Carolina, and one who feels an honest and sincere pride in every-
thing which concerns the honor, the welfare or the prosperity of
the land that gave me birth, I will not be backward in declaring
unto you her bright deeds of glory, while I have a heart to feel
or a tongue to utter the same in vour hearing.
Let your minds for a few moments revert with me to the early
history of the formation of this government; and with pleasure
let us contemplate the various scenes in the first great struggle
for independence, in which North Carolina took a most promi-
nent and active part.
In those ''times that tried men's souls," when the British sol-
diery, with fire and sword, were wasting the fairest portions of
our beloved country — when every one of the old thirteen colo-
nies felt that they " were, and of right ought to be, free and
independent States/^ who of them all, I ask, was the first to pub-
lish boldly to tli^ ears of a listening Avorld, her own solemn dec-
laration and determination to be free? I am proud to say it was
North- Carolina !
Yes, three months before the memorable " Declaration of
Independence" was issued at Philadelphia, on July 4th, 1776,
North Carolina, asserting her sovereignty, had boldly sent forth
her own immortal "Mecklenburg Declaration" from Charlotte,
loudly proclaiming to the hated despots and tyrants of continen-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 381
till Europe her firm resolution to throw off the galling yoke of
bondage by which she was unjustly held, and, " knowing her
rights," thenceforth "dared to maintain them," trusting alone in
the justness of her cause and in the strength of the "God of
battles" to sustain her. And nobly did she show her determi-
nation to be free, and bravely did she assert her right to inde-
pendence, in the blood of her sons freely poured out on many a
hard-fought field of the Revolution, in the contest, the terrible
contest, for liberty and honor.
And, coming on down to later years, wdien war was again
declared between this country and England in 1812, who, I ask,
was among the first iu that struggle to send her legions forth, at
her country's call "to arms," against the daring invaders of her
sacred soil? Again it was North Carolina! High let her name
be inscribed on the temple of fame, and glorious be the dear
inheritance handed down to ages yet unborn, by the recollec-
tions of hsr past renown.
I confess to an honest pride iu here recounting the heroic deeds
of my native State in the 'days of the past; and although iu
the early years of the two past decades we have seen her liberties
crushed and the heel of despotism lifted over her uncomplaining
people, the result of the still later though no less noble struggle
for her blood-bought privileges, yet grandly and proudly conscious
of her stern integrity, and relying on the distant future to vindi-
cate her cause iu the eyes of posterity. North Carolina to-day
demands and merits the deepest homage and w^armest affection
from the hearts of her true and faithful sons aud daughters.
" Bright through the smouldering ashes of the past — far amid the
glare of flashing clouds which crimsou the dark horizon beyond,"
will ascend higher and yet higher to the zenith above, the glo-
rious, imperishable record of her achievements, her honor and
her glorv to the wondering; vision of the generations to come.
Theu, my friends, I repeat again that I am proud to raise my
voice in behalf iu my dear native State. Here may my bright-
est days be spent ; here my most vigorous energies be put forth
382 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
for her prosperity and aclvauceinent ; and wlien declining years
and hoary hairs bring me feebly tottering to the grave, here, too,
may I sleep my last sleep, and mingle my weary dust with the
genial soil that gave me birth.
PROPER ENGLISH,
O, why shall we say for eatched, caught,
As grammarians some say we ought?
Let us see
How things be
When this kind of teaching is taught;
The egg isn't hatched, it is haught;
My pants are not patched, they are paught ; ■
John and Jane are not matched, they are maught^
My door isn't latched, it is laught ;
The pie wasn't snatched, it was snaught;
The cat never scratched, but she scraught ;
The roof wasn't thatched, it was thaught.
If English must this way be wrought,
It soon will be natched — that is, nautrht.
-Exchange.
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS,
This country makes a fifth of the iron and a fourth of the
steel in the "svorld, and furnishes half of the gold and silver of
the world's supply.
The perpetual clock, which has l>een running in Brussels
a year without stopping or being touched by human hands, is
wound up by a draft of air through a tube which operates on a
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 383
fan connected with the machinery. The draft is made to pass
upward throug;h tlie tube bv exposing it to the heat of the atmos-
phere.
Values. — The value of a ton of pure gold is §602,799. 21.
|1 ,000,000 gold coin weigh 3,685.8 lbs. avoirdupois. The value
of a ton of silver is |37,704.84. .$1,000,000 silver coin weigh
08,920.9 lbs. avoirdupois.
"Foolscap." — The story may or may not be true that King
James T. of England knighted a chine of beef that pleased his
palate particularly well, and so immortalized the name "Sir-
loin." But this is only one of a hundred nouns in common use
whose history is equally whimsical
ENserybody knows what foolscap paper is, but we doubt whether
one in a hundred of those who use it can tell why it is so called.
When Oliyer Cromwell became Protector of England, he caused
the stamp of the Cap of Liberty to be placed upon the paper
used by the government. Soon after the restoration of Charles
II., when he had occasion to use some paper for dispathes,
some of this government pa})er was brought to him. On
looking at it he inquired the meaning of it, and on beiug told,
he said, "Take it away; I'll have nothing to do with a fool's
cap." Thus originated the word foolscap, which has since been
given to a size of writing-paper usually about sixteen by twenty-
three inches. ,
Popular Delusions. — Science destroys some of the most
cherished popular delusions. German silver was not invented in
Germany, and it contains no silver; Cleopatra's needle was not
erected by her, nor in her honor; Pompey's pillar had no his-
torical connection with that personage; sealing-wax does not con-
tain a particle of wax ; the tuberose is not a rose, but a polyanth ;
the strawberry is not a berry ; Turkish baths did not originate in
Turkey, and are not baths at all; whalebone is not bone, and
contains not any of its properties.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.
The Assembly has received quite a number of new members
during the past month, and new applications are coming in nearly
every day.
Carey your "music" and your books of reading and reci-
tations with you to the Assembly, and be ready and willing to
add your talent to the general fund of enjoyment and instruc-
tion of all other members. Also, look over the list of topics for
discussion and be ready to take part in all the work of the ses-
sion.
One of the most attractive features of the Assembly work
will be the ''Chalk Talks," by Prof. Geo. E. Little, of Wash-
ington City. ETe ig said to be the finest crayon artist in America,
and his entertaining and instructive lectures upon drawing have
never failed to wdn most intense admiration from educators and
others wherever delivered.
Miss Florence Slater, teacher of calisthenics in St. Mary's
School at Raleigh, has been engaged to give instruction in this
beautiful and healthful exercise. Miss Slater is one of the most
skillful and graceful teachers of this branch of instruction to be
found in the South, and we know that her work at the Assembly
will be greatly admired and appreciated.
It has been asked if any fees are to be paid by members
of the Assembly for the special lectures by Col. Parker, Prof.
Little and other speakers from abroad. The expenses of these
gentlemen are fully provided for from the general fund, which is
raised for this purpose by the "annual membership fees," and
there are no other fees of any kind to be paid for any privileges
whatever. Each person holding a " cei'tificate of membership "
is entitled, freely, to all the privileges, benefits and other "immu-
nities which may be secured for the Assembly."
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 385
Keep in mind the dates on which the Assembly tickets will
be sold — June 9th and 16th. Make your arrangements for
going on the 9th, if possible, so that you will have time for rest-
ing after reaching Black Mountain, and then you will be pres-
ent at the organization of the session.
The railroads throughout the State have specially favored
the teachers this summer by giving to those attending the Assem-
bly an exceedingly low rate of fare — three cents -per mile for the
roiund trip for long distances. The tickets from leading points
will be as follows: Goldsboro, |9.20; Raleigh, |8.50; Wil-
mington, $12.50; Wilson, $11.20; Durham, $8.25; Chapel Hill,
$8.50; Greensboro, $8; Salisbury, $6.30; High Point, $7.75;
Henderson, $10.75; Wake Forest, $9.70. All tickets good for
six weeks. Rates from other points will be announced in next
issue. This is cheaper than the fare last summer, and it now
brings the "Assembly ticket" within a very small expense. We
appreciate this liberality on the part of the railroads, for it ena-
bles most of our teachers to attend the Assembly and obtain the
benefits of the session and the recuperating infl.uences of the
mountain trip.
MEMBERS OF THE ISSEMBLY-CONTINUED,
Miss L. Branson, Bush Hill. Miss Nannie Latham, Fountain Hill.
Miss Blanche Fentress, Raleigh. Rev. E. W. Wooten, Statesville.
Rev. L. Branson, Raleigh. Miss Fannie S. Myrick, Newsoms, Va.
Miss Helen Parker, Raleigh. Miss Bessie Taj'lor, Windsor.
A. Baumann, Raleigh. H. A. London, Pittsboro.
Mrs. A, Baumann, Raleigh, Rev. C. E. Tayloe, Wake Forest.
Miss Carrie Jackson, Pittstoro. Mrs. H. A. London, Pittsboro.
Miss Florence Moffltt, Franklinsville. Miss Olivia Tayloe, Windsor.
John W. Fleetwood, Woodland. Miss Mary L. Allen, New Bern.
Miss R. C. Brookfield, New Bern. Miss Hannah S. Allen, New Bern.
/ George Allen, New Bern.
EDITORIAL.
THE NEW SCHOOL LRW^
The committee on education at the recent session of the Leg-
islature worked faithfully to improve our system of public
schools, and much credit is due Messrs. Leazar and Gudger, the
chairmen, and their associates for earnest labor in this direction.
The "School Bill" which was reported by the committee was
so amended by the House of Representatives as to defeat or
cripple most of the features towards progress and improvement,
and the new law is but little better than the old one. This is to
be regretted, because we had just begun to advance in our edu-
cational interests, and were expecting the State to encourage our
efforts by suitable legislation. We hoped that our system of
county supervision would be improved by elevating the office of
superintendent and giving to it sufficient salary to secure the best
men for the place ; ^ve hoped that the law ^Y0uld provide for bet-
ter county institutes and better attendance of the teachers; but
the legislation in these matters has con\'inced us that our law-
makers are not yet ready for so much progress in education, even-
though tlie people of the State may desire it. The material
changes in the old law were very few, the principal ones being
the appointment of county boards of education, which are sep-
arate from the boards of commissioners, and allowing the
boards of education to pay county superintendents as much as
four per cent, of the school fund.
We heartily thank the press of the State for the fre<|uent
and liberal notices which it has given to all matters pertaining
to the Teachers' Assemblv.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 6Q (
The Teacher waut.s an active agent at each normal school
and teachers' institnte this sunnner. The Teacher is well
established and well known; it is determined to give its most
faithfnl efforts towards building np North Carolina schools, pro-
tecting- North C^arolinn teachers, and encouraging North Carolina
ohildren, therefore, our friends will find no difficulty iu securing
.subscriptions.
The normal school which has heretofore been held at
Chapel Hill was discontinued bv the Legislature, and the appor-
tionment— $2,000 — has been appropriated to the establishment t)f
four additional normal schools. These new ones are to be located
at Washington, Winston, Boone and Asheville. These locations
are good, and the eight normals are no"w so distributed through-
out the State that surely every teacher can attend some of them.
Our State Superintendent, Maj. Finger, is carefully
organizing every department of his official work, preparatory to
a strong and vigorous four years' campaign of educational ^^'ork.
The school interests of the State have a warm friend at the
helm, and if our county superintendents will give Major Finger
their hearty and prompt co-operation, we may confidently look
for a considerable "upward and onward" movement all along
the line, and better schools and better teachers will be the result.
The Legislature wisely said that we shall have an indus-
trial school, and has left the matter of location with the Board
of Education — it is to select the place which makes the most
favorable propositions. Now let our enterprising towns come to
the front and make their bids for the school. There are many
places in the State where the school could be admirably conduc-
ted and well sustained, but we feel sure that the best results
could be accomplished by locating the school at the capital. The
State owns land near the city which is specially adapted to the
purposes of the school, and Raleigh offers mauy advantages
which can be obtained nowhere else in the State.
The new "Raleigh School Law" has gone into effect, and
the new school board has been appointed under its provisions.
The law is a good one and will improve all the public schools of
388 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
the city, both white and eokjred. The new membei's of the
school board are men of the highest integrity, undoubted judg-
ment and discretion. Their interests are thoroughly identified
with the city and. its prosperity, and in their ability and intelli-
gence our people have the utmost confidence. The chairman of
the board is W. H. Docld, the mayor of the city, his new asso-
ciates are Gust aye Rosenthal, manufacturer; Dr. R. H. Lewis,
an occulist; S. F. Mordecai, a leading lawyer; Rey. F. L.
Reid, editor of the Christian Advocate; and T. H. Briggs, Jr.,
of the great mercantile house *'T. H. Briggs & Sons." The
heartiest co-operation of the entire city will be given to these
gentlemen in their work. X. B. Broughtou, of the old school
committee, is a member of the new board.
' IBOUT OUR TEACHERS.
Miss Emma Ingold is teaching in Catawba county.
Miss Alice Fokt is teaching at Dunnsville, Wake county.
Miss Rena Boyd is teaching at Tally Ho, Granville county.
Rev. Mk. Peel has opened school at Stanton, Beaufort county.
Mr. Daniel Hester is teaching at Sand Hill, Columbus county.
Mr. R. B. Blalock has closed his school at Bandbox, Davidson county.
Miss Luella Branson has a good school at New Market, near Bush Bill.
Mr. a. F. p. King is teaching at King's School-house, Henderson count}-.
Mr. T. S. Maloy is teaching most acceptably at Jobe, Rockingham county.
Rev. E. Pope is teactfing a public school near Elevation in Johnston count}-.
Miss Minnie Vyne has a very successful school at Havelock, Carteret county.
Mr. Eddie Dunlap is assistant teacher in Norwood Aeademj-, Stanly county.
Mr. J. E. Cagle has opened a school at Blue Ridge Academj', Henderson
county.
Miss Maggie Conigland has a good female school near Woodland. Hertfojd
county.
Miss Angie E. Caldwell has charge of the Primary Department in Liucolnton
High School.
Miss Lena Williams, of Frauklinton, has taken charge of a school iu John-
ston county.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 389
Miss Blanche Caspari has a female school at Maj-o's School-house, near
Bethel, Pitt county.
Miss Laura Doru has resigned as instructor of Music in Bethel Academj',
Pitt county.
Mrs. Thomas has <ipened u school at her residence, near Hendersouville, Hen-
derson county.
Miss Lula Barnhill is assisting in the Primary Department of Bethel Acad-
emy, Pitt county.
Miss Katie Carter is teaching music and French' in Plymouth Academy,
Washington county.
Prof. Barclift, late of Edeuton, is conducting a flourishing school at Potc-
casi, Bei'tie county.
Miss A. A. Speight has resigned as a teacher iu the Music Department of Eliz-
abeth City Academy.
Prof. S. Hassell, Principal of Wilson Collegiate Institute, gave us a pleasant
call on the 14th inst.
Prof. H. L. King has a good school at Beaver Dam creek, two and a half
miles from Asheville.
Miss Fannie E. Thompson, of Pittsboro, a Chautauquan, has taken charge of
the school at Osgood.
Mr. H. D. Welch is succeeding well as Principal of Balsam Seminary, near
Beta, Jackson countj'.
Mr. Ira Turlington, County Superintendent of Johnston county, has a very
large school at Elevation.
Miss Emma Weathers, of Raleigh, has taken charge of a school at Ruther-
fordton, Rutherford county.
Miss Maggie Martin, of Shoe Heel, Robeson county, has accepted a position
as teacher in Anson Institute.
Mr. W. R. Gentry is Principal of Good Spring Institute, Surry county, and is
building up a first-class school.
Miss Willie A. Garner has charge of the Music Department in Glenwood
High School, Mr. C. W. Corriher, Principal.
Mr. John Robinson, of Sandy Mush, Buncombe county, opened a school at
Tuscola Institute, Haywood county, on th^ 16th inst.
Rev. T. D. Witherspoon, who was recently elected President of Davidson
College, has felt constrained to decline the position.
Mr. C. J. Edney has a most promising school at Liberty, Henderson county.
He has forty pupils, and a handsomely furnished school.
Miss M. B. Blair, of Danville, Virginia, is in charge of the Primary Depart-
ment, French, and Elocution of Bethel Academy, Pitt county.
Prof. Charles D. McIver, of Winston Graded School, will deliver the Com-
mencement Address before Mrs. McGilvarj-'s school at Jonesboro.
Mr. W. C. Pullen opens the Spring term of his school at Earpsboro with a
largely increased patronage. A good teacher is always appreciated.
390 THE >ORTH CAR<JLIXA TEACHER.
Prof. Robert Ward, of Bethel Academy, Pitt county, has been prostrated bj-
measles and pneumonia. We are s^lad to learn that he is convalescent.
Mr. W. T. Whitsett has been very successful with his school near Gibsonville.
Guilford county. He has a new school building in process of erection.
Mr. D. R. MclvER has an excellent school at Hickory Level Academy, near
Jonesboro. His enrollment is now thirty-two boys and thirty-eight girls.
Prof. P. O. Duncan, a brother of the Principal, will teach the classes in Greek
and Natural Science in the Southern Normal at Lexington, Davidson county.
Miss Annie S. Best, formerly of Raleigh, and later of Washington City, has
chai'ge of the music department iu Pleasant Lodge Academy, Alamance county.
Miss Leii.ia Hanney, of Oxford, has accepted the position of teacher of music
at Bethel Academy, Pitt county, made vacant by the resignation of Miss Laura
Doub.
Rev. Joseph R. Wilson has resigned the pastorate of the First Presbyterian
Church at Wilmington to accept the Chair of Theology in the South-western Uni-
versity at Clarkton, Tennessee.
Miss GussiE CARSTAiiPHEN, of Plj'mouth, Washington county, has merged her
school with that of Mr. Edward Alexander of the Plymouth Academy, and
becomes assistant teacher therein.
Profs. H. W. Reinhart and I. L. Wright, of Thomasville, visited the city
during the session qf the Legislature. They succeeded finely as "lobbyists " and
have The Teacher's congratulation.
Prof. J. H. Horner, of Oxford, recently \isited the national capitol, and was
the recipient of courtesies at the hands of all North Carolinians who knew he
was in the building. Prof. Horner has been for many years one of the leading-
educators of the State.
Prof. Wiley Lane, of Elizabeth City, North Carolina, a Professor in Howard.
University, Washington, D. C. , died in that institution February I6th, of pneu-
monia. He was a graduate, with distinction, of Amherst College, and one of the
foremost colored teachers of the country.
Rev. J. B. Massiah, a colored man, a native of Barbadoes, and educated at
Harrison's College ou that Island, and afterwards at the General Theological
Seminary in New York, has been elected a Professor in St. Augustine's Normal
School, Raleigh, to fill the place of Rev. William R. Harris, deceased.
Prof. William C. Doub, late Principal of Greensboro Graded School, died on
the 10th of March, 1885, of paralysis. Prof. D. graduated at Randolph Macon
College, Virginia, and soon thereafter entered upon the work of teaching, which
he followed without interruption save when he was editor of the Star, at Raleigh.
80 that for at least thirty j'earslie was connected with the educational interests of
the State. He was a raaa of great breadth and accuracy of scholarship, and of so
much industry that he was not content to fall behind the progressivecess of the
age, and so continued to be an ardent student until disease stood up in his path-
way and put an end to his work. Few men have been able to pay less court to what
is known as the popular will in opinion and action, and to find compensation iu
the consciousness of an honest purpose. The name of Wm. C. Doub has been
as familiar, perhaps, as that of any other man of letters in North Carolina, for
twenty years past, and its disappearance from the roll of educators will leave a
blank that will long be felt.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 391
CUPID SMONG THE TESCHERS.
SIMPLY ADDITION.
'' Arithmetic iu former daj's said ' one and oue make two,'
But now we have advanced so far that that style will not do ;
And blushing bride and happ}' groom, whose lonely lives are done
Say, with the parson's full consent, that one and one make oue."
^liss Addle Kirkpatrick, a graduate of Salem Female Academy, was married
at LaGrange, February 18, to Mr. J. P. Joyner, a brother of Prof. J. Y. Joyner
of Winston Graded School.
Mr. Charles W. Tillett, late Superintendent of Public Instruction for Richmond
county, was married on the 26th of February to Miss Carrie Patterson, Prin-
cipal of Mangum Academy.
Mr. A. H. Porter, of Columbus county, was married to Miss Alice Munn, of
Cumberland, on the 4th of March. Both of the contracting jparties are teachers.
Miss Charlotte Murrell, of Farmville, Va., instructor in reading at the Chapel
Hill Normal School in 1882, was married on March 4th to Hon. M. A. Newell,
Superintendent Maryland State Normal School. The Teacher acknowledges
the compliment of an invitation.
Miss Ellen Hill, of Columbus county, was married on the .5th of March to Mr.
John Floyd, of South Carolina.
Mr. \V. G. Randal], Principal of Marion High School, was married on March
6th to Miss Annie J. Goodloe, who was assistant teacher in the same school.
NEW BOOKS.
School Keepinc; and How to Do It. By Hiram Orcott, LL. D. Boston :
New England Publishing Co'. Price $1.00.
''This book is written for the special benefit of teachers who wish to make the
most of themselves and understand that they can profit much by the successful
experience of others." It is one of the most thoroughly practical teacher's helps
that we have seen for a long time, and it will indeed teach the teacher many most
valuable things about his work which he does not know and which will prove of
untold value to him. Such a book ought to be the constant and well consulted
companion of everj^ progressive teacher, and we hope there are none others in
North Carolina.
Methods of Teaching and Studying History. Edited by G. Stanly Hall.
Boston : Ginn, H.eath & Co. Price §1.50.
This is volume one of the "Pedagogical Library," and if it is a fair specimen
of the other volumes of the series, then Messrs. Ginn & Heath have struck the
392 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
key-note to the teacher's needs. What an important branch of our school work
is history, and how poorlj' is it taught ! If you think the study is dry and cannot
be made intensely interesting and profitable to your pupils, then be sure to read
this book. Those teachers who were at our Chautauqua last summer remember
how admirably this subject was treated by Profs. Branson, Morson. Williams and
others, and their remarks must have convinced you that historj^ can be made
exceedingly attractive to your pupils, and a careful perusal of this new book on
the subject will tell you how it can be done.
The Quincy Methods Illustrated. Pen Photographs from the Quincy
Schools. By LeliaE. Partridge. New York : E. L. Kellogg & Co. 1vol. .cloth,
686 pp., with illustrations and colored plates. Price $1.50.
The public always have been and always will be interested in efforts aiming at
the benelit of their children. They feel that the school accomplishes but a part
of the good they expect. The "Quincy experiment" is the latest effort to bene-
fit children while in school, and the best thing about the experiment is that it
was successful. The story of this experiment is well told by Miss Patridge in
her work "Quincy Methods." Col. Francis W. Parker was made, in 1875. Super-
intendent of the schools of Quincy, and in a short time it began to spread abroad
that a new order of things was in operation. A few teachers, dissatisfied with the
results they were obtaining, began to straggle in ; they were the advance of a
v'ast army that in the five years of Col. Parker's stay poured into the school-
rooms of Quincy. The work done was written about in newspapers and educa-
tional journals, was eopied, and has produced a wonderful change in the mode of
thinking and talking about education. "Quincy Methods" is such a popular
book that the first 2,000 copies were sold in advance of publication. We hope
that every live teacher in North Carolina will secure a copy.
Shoemaker's Dialogues. By Charles C. Shoemaker. Philadelphia : National
School of Elocution and Oratory. Price $1.00.
A book of entirely new and original dialogues is just what teachers have been
wanting, and Prof. Shoemaker has provided the book. The selection is adapted
to children of all ages and for all occasions, and the dialogues will be sure to
please. We have carefully examined the volume and heartily recommend it to
all teachers desiring something fresh and attractive for exhibition purposes.
Send for the book.
Concentric Chart of History. Invented and compiled by James W. Lud-
low, D. D. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Price $1.00.
It is wonderful what a mass of information this chart contains. IL gives at a
glance the separate and contemporaneous history of each centur}' of every nation
on the globe ; also the Roman Republic, Roman Empire, ancient arts, ancient
literature, &c., &c. The chart is printed on stout card-boards and bound in the
shape of a fan, and it is so nicely arranged that it may receive additions either by
the author or such as may be arranged from the student's own note-book. The
chart is indeed a novelty in educational work and certainly a most useful one,
and it will aid both the teacher and the student of history.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 393
TEACHERS' BUREAU,
['(!tg="TiiE Noirni C'auolixa Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned iu this
department, and letters .answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
Teacher and they will be promptly forwarded. We desire to aid every teacher in secur-
ing a good situation, and no charge is made for tlie insertion of notices in tliis depart-
ment.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
46. Miss Kate L. Hayes, Companj- Shops, N. C, desii-es a school or a position
as assistant. Is thoroughly competent and can furnish best of references.
47. Mr. Charles L. Hoffman, Lincolnton, would take a position in a private ur
public school. Has attended teachers' institutes and normals, and has three
years' successful experience.
48. A young ladj' wants a position as music teacher. She is thoroughly compe-
tent and has considerable experience. Can furnish best of references.
49. A man with normal training and five years' successful experience in teach-
ing, desires a position as assistant, or will take charge of a small school.
50. A lady who has had some years experience in teaching, wishes to make an
engagement for the next year. Has taught seven years in a graded school.
.51. Being desirous of a position for the fall term, will be pleased to correspond
with those who may wish an assistant, or. those who would like to have a good
preparatory school in their town or village. I have a lai-ge experience in teach-
ing. Address Miss P. E. M., Box 11, Corinth, Miss.
52. A young lady wants an assistant's position in a school. She is a full grad-
uate and can teach all English branches and mathematics, elocution, calisthenics
and penmanship.
TEACHER WANTED.
A good teacher is wanted to take charge of the academy at Springsville, Cabar-
rus county, N. C. Address J. S. Harris, chairman of committee.
VALUABLE
School and Text-Books.
WOBC ESTER'S DICTIO NA RIES.
THE BEST! AND STANDARD! SEVEN EDITIONS!
"THE POCKET," • "PRIMARY,"
"SCHOOL," "COiMPREHENSIVE,"
"ACADEMIC," "OCTAVO,"
And UNABRIDGED QUARTO.
SANFORD'S ARITHMETICS AND ALGEBRA.
THIS SERIES EMBRACES
PRIMARY ANALYTICAL ARITHMETIC,
INTERMEDIATE ANALYTICAL ARITFIMETIC,
COMMON SCHOOL ANALYTICAL ARITHMETIC,
AxD HIGHER ANALYTICAL ARITHMETIC,
AlscSANFORD'S ELEMENTARY AL(tEBRA.
THE ABOVE ARE
Authorized Text-Books
FOR USE IN THE
SCHOOLS OF NORTH CAROLINA.
LIPPINCOTT'S SCIENCE SERIES,
CONSISTING OF
LESSONS IN CHEMISTRY. Bv Prof. VVm. H. Greene, M. D.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. With A Key. Bv Professors Sliarpless and
Philips.
ASTRONOMY^ Bv the same authors.
CUTTER'S COMPREHENSIVE ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND
HYGIENE. By Prof. John C. Cutter, B. S., M. D.
-es-OTHER VOLUMES IN PREPARATION. =©&
LIPPINCOTT'S POPULAR SERIES OF READERS.
This Series consists of Six Books, First to Sixth inclusive.
Descriptive Catalogues containing full lists of Educational Publications sent to
any address on application. Address,
J, B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., - - - Publishers,
715 AND 717 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
Or, M. V. CALVIN, Genera! Agent, Augusta, Ga.
ALFRED WILLIAMS,
FOUNDER OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOOK AND PUBLISHING
HOUSE OF "ALFRED WILLIAMS & CO.," PUBLISHERS
OF THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
RALEIGH. N. C.
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, April, 1885. No. 10.
SOME OLD SCHOOL-BOOKS.
I have been back to ray home again,
To the place where I Avas born ;
I have heard the wind from the stormy main
Go rustlina; throug-h the corn ;
I have seen the pnrple hills once more;
I have stood on the rocky coast
Where the waves storm inland to the shore;
Bnt the thing that touched me most
Was a little leather strap that kept
Some school-books, tattered and torn !
I sighed, I smiled, I conld have wept
When I came to them one morn ;
For I thought of the merry little lad,
In the mornings sweet and cool.
If the weather was good, or weather bad.
Going whistling oif to school.
My fingers undid the strap again.
And I thought how my hand had changed.
And half in longing, and half in pain.
Backward my memory ranged.
There was the grammar I knew so well — •
I didn't remember a rule;
And the old blue speller — I used to spell
Better than others in school ;
!96 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
And the wonderful geography
I've read on the green hill-side,
When I've told myself I'd snrely see
All lands in the world so wide,
From the Indian homes in the far, far West,
To the mystical Cathay.
I have seen them all. But Home is best
When the evening shades fall gray.
And there was the old arithmetic,
All tattered, and stained with tears;
I and Jamie and little Dick
Were togetheriu by-gone years.
Jamie has gone to the better land;
And I get, now and again,
A letter in Dick's bold, ready hand,
From feome great Western plain.
There wasn't a book, and scarce a page,
That hadn't some memory
Of days that seemed like a golden age,
Of friends I shall no more see.
And so I picked up the books again
And V>nckled the strap once more,
And brought them over the tossing; main :
Come, children, and look them o'er.
And there they lay on a little stand
Not far from the Holy Book ;
And his boys and girls with loving care
O'er grammar and speller look.
He said, ''They speak to me, children dear,
Of a past without alloy;
And the Book of Books, in promise clear,
Of a future full of Joy."
— Harper'' X I i \\'J:lji.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 397
TESCHERS' INSTITUTES, •
BY T. J. MITCHELL, SUPERINTENDENT OF CHARLOTTE GRADED SCHOOLS.
Teachers' institutes have been compared to reguhir normal
schools as militia drill to the discipline of" W'est Point. Without
disparaging militia in the least, it is a good comparison. Our
Legislature has wisely determined to establish an educational
West Point at Chapel Hill. But while there may be many can-
didates for admission there, there will be hundreds more who will
belong to the militia, and get their training nearer home. What
we need, then, is more and better militia drill, and a system of
recruiting that will reach the rural districts of the back counties
and bring brave and bright, but untrained youth to the front.
two-weeks' drill.
The county superintendents are the proper officers for this
work. Let every one of them muster in his little company of
veterans and raw recruits, and, with a training-master, go into
camp for a two- weeks' drill every summer; make the veterans
unspike and polish up their rusty guns and buy new ammunition ;
teach the new recruits what old accoutrements of their forefathers
to retain and what modern ones to get ; show them how to husband
their stores and expend their shot to the best advantage; create
such an esprit du corps among the sluggish, careless privates of
the rear ranks as shall force them to labor with zeal and enthu-
siasm, and kindle in every breast a keen desire for promotion.
Wherever we find this work most common, we find the best
systems of schools. Normal schools are doing Israve w-ork fit-
ting teachers for graded schools, but betw^eeu the graded schools
of the towns and cities and the ungraded schools of the country
there is a great gap which the teachers' institute must bridge.
398 TliE NORTH CAROLIXA TP:ACHER.
OBJECTS.
It is claimed that many graded school methods of teaching
cannot be used in the country schools, and it is true that an exer-
cise prepared for a school consisting of a single class of forty or
fifty jjupils would not suit a school of a dozen classes of three or
four pupils each. But all the improved methods of teaching-
may be so modified as to be applicable to any school, and, to
demonstrate this fact, is one of the chief functions of the teach-
ers' institute. To make country-school teachers acquainted with
the modern methods of teaching, to show them how to use these
methods in their own schools, to create mutual sympathy between
teachers and patrons, and to break down the unreasonable preju-
dice which now exists against public schools, are some of the
many objects to be attained by such a gathering.
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT.
On the county superintendent depends the success of the insti-
tute. If he lacks executive ability and shirks extra labor, it
will prove a failure, no matter how capable the assistance he may
secure may be. But by taking a little trouble, and making
systematic preparation beforeliaud, he can insure a success that
will be most gratifying to everybody.
PRELIMINARIES.
Having fixed a date and engaged a competent institute conduc-
tor, one out of the county rather than in it is generally best, the
next step is to advertise the meeting thoroughly in the county
papers until it is held. By letter and personal appeal urge every
school officer and teaclier to be present, and issue a cordial invi-
tation to all the citizens in the place where the institute is held,
to favor it with their presence as much as possible. Having the
best opportunities for ascertaining the peculiar ueeds of the
teachers of his county, the county superintendent can lay out the
work in ample time beforehand, and notify the conductor and
such local teachers as may be selected to assist him, exactly what
will,be expected of them.
THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 399
NEWSPAPER NOTICE.
The village editor will generally be willing to insert in his
paper a programme of the institnte, accompanied by the names
of all those who are to take part in it, and give it many enconr-
aging notices. This matter of gettiug everything published
beforehand has a most excellent eifect. Young teachers like to
see their names in the paper. It will cause them to feel their
importance, and will, consequently, make them take much more
interest in the duty a-ssigued them, and they will come to the
institute much better prepared to make it a real success.
COMMITTEES.
The county superintendent will find his labor and responsi-
bility lightened quite materially by the judicious selection of a
number of committees. There might be a committee on arrange-
ments, to aid in securing a large attendance of the teachers, to see
to the care of the assembly-room, to procure apparatus and neces-
sary supplies and, possibly, to assist teachers in securing proper
boarding places ; a committee on i7ivitatio7is, to invite the different
ministers of the town to conduct the devotional exercises, and to
obtain a good audience for all the general exercises; a committee
on music, to secure a choir to enliven the institute with appro-
priate hymns and songs; a committee on decoration, to see that
the room in which the institute is held is made attractive by
flowers and pictures ; a committee on social matters, to arrange for
au evening social each week, to act as ushers at the institute, and
to see that all the teachers become acquainted with each other ; a
committee on nominations, to bring in a list of candidates for the
various offices ; and a committee on resolutions, to prepare a series
of resolutions and present them for adoption at the close of the
session.
PLACE OF MEETING.
It is generally easy enough to secure a good room, but still,
this is a very important matter. The lecture-room of a church,
the court-house, or a large school-room will be suitable. The
400 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
first named may be found to be best, as people are much more
orderly in a church, and it can be lighted, if needed, at night.
The necessary blackboards, maps, globes, charts and apparatus
can usually be borrowed from the local schools, but these should
all be gotten together the Saturday before the institute opens,
CONDUCTOR.
The county superintendent rarely finds it best to conduct the
institute himself, but he should obtain for a conductor an able
institute worker; one who has had sufficient experience in this
kind of work and will be authority on the science of pedagogy
and fully capable of giving instruction on the best methods of
teaching and management. There are usually to be found
among the county teachers those who can act as assistants and
conduct one or two recitations each day "in the ordinary branches
of study,
OFFICERS.
The officers should be a president, two secretaries and possibly
a critic. A presiding officer is needed, for it often happens that
the county superintendent and conductor have extra work which
will take them out of the room during the exercises conducted
by the assistants. One of the older teachers, or even a citizen of
the town, who can lead the institute and draw out backward and
diffident members, should be elected to this office. It will be.
found necessary to have one secretary to keep the roll and.
another to prepare the minutes for publication. A good-natured
critic, although not indispensable, often proves profitable and
entertaining.
THE FIRST DAY.
With all this previous preparation made by the county super-
intendent, no time will be lost in organization wrangling the first
day. After the opening exercises and the nomination and elec-
tion of the officers, the institute will be opened by short addresses
from the county superintendent and conductor. The teachers
will l)e ready with their pencils and note-books, and the regular
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 401
programme which has been previously prepared with great care,
will be promptly entered upon, and such a thing as dragging the
first day be an impossibility.
DUTIES.
The county superintendent having accomplished the greater
])art of his duty in working up the institute, will take two or
three classes daily, and be on hand for advice and encouragement,
and, if necessary, admonition. It may be well for both him and
the conductor to take for their subjects school organization and
management and methods of teaching and discipline.
The conductor will have a great deal expected of him, and is
really in charge of the institute, so he should be a person of
considerable versatility and magnetism. He will be looked to
for new and fresh ideas, for advice on a great many subjects, and
for practical suggestions and illustrations, and he should always
be capable of giving them.
It will be the duty of each assistant to do his best with his
special subject, and aid in making all the general exercises profit-
able and interesting.
The members of the institute should remember that they also
have important duties to perform. They should ahvays be
prompt and regular in their attendance, earnest and sympathetic
in their attention, ever ready to ask questions and give opinions
at the proper time, preserve the same order required in a well-
conducted school, and never fail to enter in their note-books all
important suggestions they hear for future reference.
MODEL CLASS.
A dozen children can easily be procured, if deemed desirable
for a model class. Their parents will usually be glad to have
them there, and the children themselves will rather like it.
Teachers can learn much more from such illustrations than a
great deal of description, and t*he theories of the instructors can
thus be put into actual practice.
402 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
CAUTIONS.
It must be remembered, though, that the institute is not a
debating club. It is not the place to discuss "Elective Affini-
ties/' "^Esthetic Culture," "Evolution," or "Whether Greek-
should be taught in the country schools." It is not the place
for arithmetical conundrums, nor those old-stock problems which
have l^een afloat for years, and the solution of which depends
upon a hypothetical position. All these things are well enough
in their respective places, but not in a teachers' institute. Its
object is the improvement of the country-school teachers : to
train them how to do better work. There are only ten days in
which to accomplish this, far too short and too valuable a time
to spend on anything but the legitimate business of the assembly.
BENEFITS.
The benefits, of the institute are many and far-reaching. It
imparts new methods of teaching, gives a correct idea of a good
school, shows the true ends of education, gives elementary knowl-
edge in the science of teaching, promotes an interchange of ideas,
secures uniformity in the school work of the county, and corrects
many prevailing faults and abuses. Bringing together the citi-
zens of a community, it shows them wdiat the teachers are trying
to do, and opens their eyes to the difficulties and perplexities
which beset the most important person with whom their children"
are associated.
The only difficulty in the way of holding a yearly institute in
every county in the State is the impossibility of securing expe-
rienced conductors and teachers. North Carolina needs a thor-
oughly organized corps of earnest, enthusiastic men, employed
and sustained by the State, to do this work. When she gives
this aid to her county superintendents and crowns her school sys-
tem with well-conducted State normal scliools, the fault will be
with her teachers if she does not lead the whole South in the
efficiency of her educational institutions and the intelligence and
patriotism of her citizens.
THE ^'()RTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 403
MISS FSNNIE EVERITT,
PRINCIPAL OF STATESVILLE FEMALE COLLEGE.
The readers of The Teacher have recently been introduced
to some of the leading male teachers who have aided in making
the schools of our State as efficient as any to be fouud in other
States of the Union, North Carolina is proud of the splendid
corps of teachers who so ably preside over our leading educa-
tional institutions for boys and young men, and in their marked
success every citizen of the State is peculiarly gratified. But
our pride is not alone in these noted men who are so carefully
training our children, but we accord equally high honors to the
noble women who stand at the head of some of our most famous
and successful schools for young ladies. We have many such in
North Carolina, and under their faithful and efficient teaching-
have come to lovely and useful womanhood some of the fairest
and most cultured daughters of JSTorth Carolina and of her sister
States. We shall, therefore, from time to time with pleasure
present to our readers short biographical sketches of our lead-
ing female teachers, and the first of these sketches is of Miss
Fannie Everitt, of Statesville. This excellent lady is already
known to many of our readers, and those who have met her at
the University Normal School will long remember her pleasant
manners, her impressive refinement and elegant womanly culture.
Miss Everitt has been engaged in teaching since 1868, when
she became an assistant in Mrs. Lacy's school, afterwards merged
in the Peace Institute. After her connection with Mrs. Lacy's
school ceased, she taught for two years in tlie graded school in
Goldsboro ; but she has been best known in connection with the
Statesville Female College, of which she has been the principal
since 1883. Her plan in conducting the educational department
of the school seems to us equally sagacious and successful. Her
teachers have been selected from those educated in the State and
identified in feeling and interest with our people, after which
404 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
they have received Northern training, which should not only add
to their stores of knowledge but divest them of provincial narrow-
ness and render them familiar with the most recent and improved
methods of teaching. Accordingly, as might have been antici-
pated, her success in the conduct of this institution has been
marked and positive from the fii"st, not less than one hundred and
six pupils having been enrolled the year she took charge of the
school. In the art department and music, which especially
attract and impress the general jjublic, her success has been most
manifest and recognized.
In the beautiful art of china painting, which is now becoming
so popular, the young ladies of Miss Everitt's school have
attained unusual excellence, and in some sets which we have
recently examined were seen tastiness of design and skillful blend-
ing and harmonizing of shades which are quite rare.
Miss Everitt has recently purchased the entire property of the
Statesville Female College, and the sound judgment exhibited by
her admirable and practical business management has won to her
the fullest confidence with heartiest co-operation and support of
the best people in and around Statesville. She has put the build-
ings in good repair and lately purchased an adjoining lot that was
needed to give the grounds proper shape and add to the beauty
of the premises.
Over all the instruction imparted by the school Miss Everitt'
has personal and careful supervision. She is not content to per-
form her work in a merely perfunctory way, but, seeking continu-
ally to extend the range of studies and improve the methods of
instruction, she has within the past three years attended the nor-
mal institute at Martha's Vineyard, and taken a full course under
Col. Parker. She has made a special study of the Kindergarten
system, and spent several weeks in studying and examining the
Boston schools. The teachers in the State have honored her
by placing her name upon the "Executive Committee of the
North Carolina Teachers' Assembly," and her many friends and
co-laborers throughout the State hope to have the pleasure of meet-
ing her at the Black Mountain session of the Assembly this
summer.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 405
The fiue administrative ability which Miss Everitt has evinced
in the work of her school has rewarded her with very gratify-
ing financial success. Although comparatively new, it 'has stood
the test of the hard financial year through which we have -just
passed, and may now be considered one of the valued and perma-
nent educational institutions of the State, and we hope that it
may continue to grow in strength, popularity, success, and in the
scope of its usefulness.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
SBOUT THE TEMS SCHOOLS,
BY "tar-heel," BONHAM, TEXAS.
Thinking that your readers in the Old North State would be
Interested in learning something of the public schools of the
*' Lone Star State," I send you the following bits of information.
One of the most noticeable features is the large school fund.
Ruffian rule in Texas is now a thing of the irrevocable past,
and the one great problem that is agitating the thinking minds
of the State is how to educate its sons and daughters to be true,
noble men and women. To this end, was donated some fifty
million acres of land by the early projectors of the State govern-
ment. These lands, together with certain taxes levied for the
purpose, afford a revenue amply sufficient to run the public
schools six months in the year.
As a general thing, the school law is more stringent in this
State than in North Carolina. AVhile the trustees have about
the same power that is given them in North Carolina, the con-
tracts are required to be made in writing and not until the certifi-
cate is shown. The county judge has great power invested in
him with regard to school matters — more, it seems to me, than is
consistent with the principles of free government by which we,
as a nation, profess to gauge our actions.
406 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
As I have been in the State only about nine months, I, of
course, have acquired very little general knowledge of the State.
This statement will be readily understood when one reflects that
Texas is more than three times as large as all the Xew England
States combined. If, however, the same interest in education is
taken the State over that is shown in Fannin and adjacent coun-
ties, the educational future of Texas is very promising.
Very few comnumities deign to have less than a four- months'
term of school, and the rule is to have a four-mouths' term in
winter and a two-months' term in mid-summer.
The grading is much the same as in North Carolina. Thirty,
fifty and seventy-five dollars are the maximum limits of salaries
paid to teachers. An applicant for first grade must pass a satis-
factory examination on elementary algebra, geometry, natural
philosophy, composition, United States history, school discipline,
and methods of teaching, besides the ordinary branches.
Just here, I may mention a defect that, I suppose, can only be
remedied by time. There are too many first-class certificates
issued, and yet, these school commissioners have a supreme con-
tempt for college diplomas — an anomaly that is hard to explain.
In jSTorth Carolina the examining board consists of a county
superintendent. Here, it consists of three who are required to
be thorough, experienced teachers. Their fee is three dollars.
One feature, of this part of the State at least, that strikes the
visiting lover of education with surprise is the great number of
graded and high schools. Every county has its male colleges, its
female institutes, its academies and hiorh schools for bovs and girls.
In this town, Bouham, numbering about four thousand inhab-
itants, at least fifty per cent, of the children are in the schools.
This statement refers only to the white portion of the population.
The colored population, of whom there is a sufficiency, is well
provided with schools, and these schools are liberally patronized.
I do not think this town is above the average. I could mention
several others equally well supplied with school facilities.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 407
The aim of the Texas educators and law-makers seems to be
the modelling of an original, independent Texas school law. It
is impossible to shape it after any other, for no other State has
such a heterogeneous population.
Every legislature discusses changes in the law, and the changes
are such, as a general thing, as tend to a more perfect system.
¥E MUST EDUCSTE,
Let the people of North Carolina be up and doing. Let the
"Old North State" be aroused and shake off the shackles that
now bind her in bonds of ignorance. Let her free herself of the
shame that thirty-eight per cent, of her sons and daughters can-
not read and forty-eight per cent, of her proud children cannot
write. It is in your hands, my friends, to alleviate our glorious
old State of this bondage. Wipe out this disgrace by building
schools. Ohio spends $8,000,000 for education, while North
Carolina spends less than one dollar per head for the noble cause !
Who is to do this educating? Is not the government, our com-
mon schools, our colleges, our University — are not all these inter-
ested in this matter?
We want an education for the masses; we want to elevate them.
Here we have the finest climate in the world; water-powers suf-
ficient to run all the mills of New England; natural resources
inexhaustible, and a country, if developed, that would rival any
on the globe. We must educate ! We must educate ! I — Hon.
A. S. Merrhnon.
Remember that in teaching, as in everything else, you must
have a good deal of capital invested to obtain large proceeds.
408 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
SHOULD THE TEICHER STUDY?
BY D. L. ELLIS, NEW BERN GRADED SCHOOL.
To mauy of our best teachers the above question would seem
absurd — they would, one and all say, unhesitatingly, certainly, the
teacher should study — yes, he must study. But, on the other hand,
we would doubtless find a large number of teachers who think it
is not necessary that the teacher should study, or, at least, should
not make a business of it. Such would argue that they already
know all about the subjects they are teaching, and that a teacher
should not work after his day's work is finished.
That may be true in the first place, and it certainly is true in
the second; but admitting that a teacher does understand the
subjects he is teaching, does it necessarily follow that he can teach
those subjects to others in an intelligible manner, without special
preparation ? Experience proves that such is not the case. Xo
one denies that teachers need rest, but do they need to rest twenty
hours out of the twenty-four? We think not.
The teacher may understand all the subjects he has to teach,
but he must then study, not to know what he is to teach, but hoic
to teach it. The more simple studies, or, better, the primary
subjects taught in our schools require the most study on the part
of the teacher, because the pupil is younger, and, consequently,
knows less about how to study than the older pupil : hence those
princijjles which would be perfectly simple to a more mature
mind are new and unintelligible to the young, requiring the most
careful explanation and illustration on the part of the teacher.
We would most positively refuse to try to teach a class how to
count to ten, or how many apples at one cent each could be
bought for five cents, unless we could have time to study the sub-
ject a moment before beginning the lesson. Yet how many teach-
ers go every day to their schools and positively do not know where
the lessons are, not to mention what those lessons are about!
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 409
We may state this as a general truth — impromptu teaching
exercises are, ninety-nine times out of a hundred, failures. But
some say, if we take time to study all our subjects, we will have
no time for society, no leisure for self-improvement.
Very well; pray, how much time does the merchant or physi-
cian have for those things? Scarcely any. Now, is a teacher to
arrogate to himself privileges which those engaged in other pro-
fessions do not enjoy? We say, if a man engages to do a certain
work he is in honor bound to give that work his time and atten-
tion. It matters little if he does not shine in society, he is
paid to "shine" in the work-shop, counting-house or school-room,
as the case may be, and it is his business to attend to the interests
of his employers and not to "cut a dash" in society.
Again, it does not follow that because a teacher studies he has
no leisure. In our graded schools the daily session begins about
nine o'clock and closes at two, or two-thirty — about five hours
actual work out of the twenty- four, leaving about nineteen hours
for rest, study, sleep, and if you please, "society."
Leaving the school-room at two o'clock, one can rest enough
by five o'clock to begin work again; and, by working till ten
o'clock, a half dozen lessons may be prepared for teaching, and
still leave two hours for self-improvement. It is besi to
have a regular programme to serve as a guide. For want of a
better, we copy the one hanging on our wall, by which we are
guided in our daily work :
1st. Study of lessons for next day. (In this case, six high
school subjects).
2d. Reading for recreation and improvement.
3d. Study of German and Greek.
4th. Exercising by walking- one mile very briskly — time, ten
minutes.
5th. Devotions.
6th. Sleep.
The advantage of having a programme is that we have system
about our work, knowing what we have to do and how long a
time we have to devote to each subject.
410 THE NORTH CAROLINA TP:ACHER.
For those who teach in uugraded schools the case is soniewhat
modified, of course, since the daily sessions are much longer; but
we speak from experience when we say that there is, even in
ungraded schools, time to study most of the work and still have
time to rest and sleep as much as nature requires — from ten to
six o'clock.
It is time that our teachers should begin to look upon teaching
as a profession, as work, not as a mere make-shift to employ
them, and give them a show of doing something to make a liv-
ing; and to give their undivided attention to the work before
them. It is true that the compensation of teachers is not, as a
rule, calculated to stimulate one to extra effort, but if our profes-
sion does not honor us by giving a decent reward for our ser-
vices, let us at least honor it by teaching, not keeping school ; to
do which we must, one and all, study the subjects we teach.
CURRENT HISTORY.
Are you doing your duty, teacher, to^vards keeping your pupils
well informed upon all current matters of interest and importance?
It is not alone necessary that the children should know about the
"Rise and fall of the Roman empire," the "Norman Conquest,"
"The Crusade," or the cau.se of "Braddock's Defeat," but they
must also know what is going ou around them every day — the
daily events which are to become parts of the world's history.
'Tis true that it might cause the teacher a little extra work and
trouble to collect this information for the children ; it might be
necessary to read a newspaper occasionally, when perhaps you
want to be visiting, or fishing, or gardening, or doing some other
little work not at all pertaining to the high calling which you
have chosen; but you owe most of your time to the children
which you have undertaken to train, and you cannot afford to
neglect them nor your preparation toward properly teaching
them.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 411
Tell the children about the war of the Soudan, its causes and
its condition, and the probable results. Use the map freely and
make them familiar with the locality of the conflict. Give them
a brief sketch of General Gordon's life, with particulars of his
death. Tell them about the probability of a war between Eng-
land and Russia, and clearly explain the causes, stating the eifect
of such a war upon other countries of the world. Tell them of
the troubles in kSouth America, the recent dynamite explosions,
and tell them how this explosive is manufactured, and its power.
Tell them of the new President of the United States, make
them familiar with the members of his cabinet, and let them
understand what a President's "cabinet" is to do, and what are
its powers. Get a copy of some illustrated paper and show them
pictures of all the cabinet officers, and let them know from what
State each has been chosen. Give them the names of the newly-
appointed foreign Ministers, and let them be well informed as to
the duties of these Ministers, their powers, salaries, terms of service
and other matters pertaining to their office. Explain the terms
"plenipotentiary" and "extraordinary" as applied to the office
of a foreign Minister. You will be surprised what very crude
ideas the children have upon these subjects; they need enlighten-
ment, and their teacher is the one upon whom this duty devolves.
Your pupils must be kept posted also in all important matters
of daily occurrence in our own State. They must be told about
the recent important legislative enactments, of the new normal
schools, the University appropriation, the school law, the new
judges, and the industrial school. Tell them who are our pres-
ent State officers, and make them thoroughly familar with Major
Finger, our new State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Show them his portrait, as published in The Teacher, as they
may meet him sometime, and ought to know him on sight.
There are a great many other things in this direction which ought
to be told by you to your pupils — things that are not in the text-
books, but yet are very important, as they form the basis of cur-
rent thought and conversation on the street, in the home and at
almost every public gathering. Give some attention, teachers, to
3
412 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
the few hints here thrown out and try to keep your pupils well
"up with the times" in all interesting and useful information
which does not appear on the pages of the school books. The
children w'ill be pleased, and you will be gratified at their inter-
est in these matters.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
WHO IS RIGHT?
BY REV. B. G. MARSH, TROY, N. C.
I have just examined the new " Household Atlas," compiled
by Rand, McNaUy & Co., Chicago, and find that it represents
Clingman's Peak to be the highest mountain in North Carolina.
Clingman's Peak is put down to be 6,940 feet ; Mount Mitchell,
6,732 feet.
But Maury, who is thought to be good authority, states in
his "Manual" that the height of Clingman's dome is 6,660 feet,
and that of Mount Mitchell is 6,688 feet. By the "Household
Atlas" Clingman's Peak is 280 feet higher than it is represented
by Maury. Besides, the "Household Atlas" says Clingman's
Peak is the highest, while Maury's "Manual" says Mount
Mitchell is the highest. There is a difference of 280 feet in the
height of the same mountain. Now, we would like to know who
is correct. If both of these calculations are incorrect, then the
State should have the heights of these mountains accuratcli/
ascertained for the benefit of her teachers and students. The
student's mind should not be perplexed with such discrepances.
Books calculated to make false impressions should be denounced.
The geography of a country is very important, and the books
from which we get our information should be correct. We
believe that the histories, the geographies, and many other edu-
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 413
cational books contain statements which are largely false ; and
we think that an improvement in the manufacture of such books
is highly needed.
We think every State can, and should, supply her teachers
with a correct geography of her country and a correct history of
her people. And if stricter criticisms were furnished, we believe
the authors of these books would be more careful.
[The heights of these mountains, as given by Prof. W. C.
Kerr, our late State Geologist, are as follows : Clingman's
Dome, 6,660 feet; Mitchell's Peak, 6,688 feet. These calcula-
tions, also given by Maury, we take to be more correct than
McNally, as they were made from actual measurements by Prof.
Kerr, who is eminently qualified to do this correctly. We take
pleasure in stating that ''Shaffer's new Township, School and
Business Map of North Carolina," now in press, contains a table
of altitudes, showing accurately the several mountain ranges,
with the comparative heights of all our most prominent peaks. —
Editor.]
MR. ALFRED WILLISMS.
The excellent portrait of Mr. Alfred Williams, which we
present in this number of The Teacher, will be at once recog-
nized by thousands of personal friends throughout the State, while
the business name is familiar to nearly every person within North
CaTolina and to many beyond our borders.
Mr. Alfred Williams, the founder, and for nearly twenty
years the head, of the great North Carolina book and publishing
house of Alfred AVilliams & Co., Raleigh, and publishers of The
North Carolina Teacher, retired to private life on the first
of April, being succeeded by his late partner, Mr. Eugene G.
Harrell, and Mr. John B. Neathery, who will continue the busi-
ness at the old stand, with the entire "good-will" and under the
old firm name of "Alfred Williams & Co."
414 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Mr. Williams is a native of Franklin county, where he was
born June 10th, 1805. Upon the death of his father in 1821,
he came to Raleigh and entered the drug-store of Randolph
Webb as a clerk. He applied himself with such faithfulness and
diligence that four years thereafter he became a partner in the
business, and two years later purchased the entire interest of
Mr. Webb. He afterwards admitted to partnership the late Dr.
F. J. Haywood, an eminent physician, thus founding the noted
drug-house of Williams & Haywood; which for fifty-seven years
has been favorably known to nearly every one in the State.
In 1835, Mr. Williams was elected by the magistrates of Wake
as Clerk of the County Court, being re-elected to that position
in 1836 by the people. At the expiration of his second term he
declined a re-election.
In 1853 he withdrew from the drug business, and was succeeded
by his brother, Mr. J. Ruffin Williams, who still conducts it at
the old stand. In 1854, Mr. Williams engaged in the dry goods
trade with the late Thaddeus McGee, which association success-
fully continued until interrupted by the war in 1862.
His career as a bookseller began in 1807, and in 1879 he
admitted as a partner Eugene G. Harrell, a native of Green-
ville, Pitt county, who had been for some years a trusted clerk
in the store. Under sagacious direction and management, this
book establishment, begun eighteen years ago on a small scale,
has developed into the gigantic house of to-day, which is probably
better known throughout the State and country than any other
business firm in North Carolina.
And now, at the age of eighty, after sixty-four years of active
business life, still in good health and with unimpaired intellect,
having acquired a competency for himself and family, Mr. Wil-
liams retires from business to enjoy that rest and quiet to which
he is so justly entitled.
In addition to his large business at Raleigh, Mr. Williams is
also engaged in extensive farming operations in the South. In
1836 he purchased lands in Alabama and went in jierson annually
for thirty vears thereafter to look after his planting interests, and as
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 415
there were no railroads in those early days, he was forced to make
tlie ti"ip l)y private conveyance, and once on horseback, requiring
thirteen days. Nor were these trips free from danger, as his way
lay through the settlements of several Indian tribes, who were
often hostile to the whites.
In 1865, Mr. Williams was residing on a farm six miles west
of Raleigh. It was here he was seized by a party of Federal
soldiers, just at the close of the late war, who placed a rope about
his lieck and drew their pistols, threatening instant death if he
refused to give certain information in his possession. He calmly
and deliberately refused to accede to their demands, and so
impressed them by his undaunted courage that they desisted and
released him. These incidents serve to illustrate the indomitable
will, perseverance and dauntless spirit which have contributed in
so great a measure to his success in life.
Mr. Williams has been twice married. In 1829 to Caro-
line Eliza King, daughter of B. S. King, for many years
Clerk of Wake County Court, and a granddaughter of John
King, an Englishman who, with nine others, composed the
Methodist Conference at Philadelphia in 1773, the first meeting
of the kind ever held in America. One daughter by this mar-
riage survives, the Avife of Dr. E. Burke Haywood, one of the
most distinguished physicians and surgeons in the South. He
was again married July 24, 1850, to Mrs. Sarah A. Stone (widow
of David A. Stone), who is a most estimable lady, noted for her
enlarged sympathies and many Christian virtues.
Mr. Williams is an honored and consistent member of the
First Baptist Church, Raleigh, and though entering the "four-
score" period of his life, he is one of the most regular attendants
on all its services, at the same time taking an active interest in
every department of Christian beneficence.
The " North Carolina Book and Publishing House," in which
Mr. Williams has erected for himself the proudest and most last-
ing monument to his business character and to the integrity of
his name, will be conducted by his successors on the same line of
business policy which was inaugurated and so -long followed by its
eminent founder.
416 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
What a lesson of encourageineiit to the youth of the land we
find in the career of Alfred Williams! Beginning life without
the influence of money or the aid of a finished education, we
see him launching forth in business at the age of sixteen, and
retiring at eighty, having been in turn a successful druggist, pub-
lic officer, dry goods merchant and bookseller for sixty-four years.
By industry, promptness and undeviating integrity he has won
the confidence and esteem of all who have been brought in con-
tact with him. His name everywhere is a synonym of honesty
and fair-dealing, and such a record is more prized by him and
his friends than all his other possessions.
, OUR SUMMER NORMALS.
WINSTON.
His Excellency, Gov. Scales, having appointed Messrs. C. H.
Wiley, Jas. A. Gray and W. A. Whitaker, Commissioners of the
Winston Normal School, they met and elected Prof. J. L. Toni-
liuson Superintendent and Prof. C. D. Mclver Assistant Super-
intendent and Secretary. The day of opening has not been fixed,
but will probably be about July 1st. The citizens of Winston
are taking steps to make this the leading Normal of the State.
The Sentinel says: "The attendance is bound to be large, on
account of the established reputation Prof. Tomlinson has as a
Normal organizer; on account of the location of the school, so
many people having a curiosity to visit Winston-Salem and look
at her manufactories and the other interesting objects she has to
show to the sojourner; and on account of the magnificent graded
school building in which the Normal will be held, and of which
so much has been said and written that every teacher in the State
will be irlad to see it."
THE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 417
XEWTON.
Prof. M. C. S. iS^oble, Superinteudent of the Wilmington
Graded Schools, has again been selected as Superintendent of the
Xewton Normal School, which will begin July 1st. The great
success enjoyed by this school last year under the management of
Prof. Noble will insure a good attendance at this term.
BOONE.
The Local Board of Directors has chosen Hon. John C. Scar-
borough, late State, Superintendent of Public Instruction, as the
Superintendent of the Boone Normal School. The school will
open on the 8th of July. The board has numerous applications
for positions, but decided to make no selection of teachers with-
out consulting Mr. Scarborough, whose address is Raleigh.
ASHEVILLE.
Gov. Scales has appointed Messrs. H. A. Gudger, D. T. Mal-
lard and Thos. Van Gilder, Commissioners of the Asheville
Normal School.
Prof. E. P. Moses, Principal of the Goldsboro Graded School,
has been selected as Superinteudent of the Asheville Normal,
with Miss Olivia Millard, of Goldsboro, Prof. Ben Atkins and
Miss Mollie Goodloe, of Asheville, as assistants. The Normal
will open July 1 and close July 31. It will be held in the Ashe-
ville Female College, and preparations are being made to secure
cheap board and quarters for teachers who attend.
We have endeavored to obtain information in regard to the
Normal Schools to be held at Wilson, Elizabeth City and Wash-
ington, but up to the time of going to press we have heard nothing
from them. The Normal Schools have been arranged to open
after July 1st this season, so that the teachers who attend the
North Caroliua Teachers' Assembly, at Black Mountain, may
have the opportunity of spending some time at the Normals.
This is a wise plan, and we hope that a very large number of
teachers will take advantage of these opportunities offered for
their improvement.
418 TliE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
EDUCITIONSL NOTES.
Yadkin Mineral Springs Institute, Stanly county, has
forty-three boarding scholars.
The citizens of Pigeon Valley, Haywood county, have organ-
ized an educational association.
The public schools of Forsyth have nearly all closed. The
teachers report a fair average attendance.
Lick Creek Academy, Davidson county, of which Rev. J.
H. Booth is Principal, has a neat new academy building.
Twenty-four young ladies will graduate this session from
Salem Female Academy — the largest number for many years
past.
Subscriptions are being solicited for the endowment of a
Chair of the Christian Religion and Church History at Davidson
College.
The people of Concord, Cabarrus county, will, on the 11th
of May, vote on the question of the establishment of a graded
school at that place.
Table Rock, Caldwell county, will soon have a new academy
under the management of one of the most efficient and successful
teachers in the State.
The Poplar Tent Fair Association, of Cabarrus county,
has received a number of applications for principal, and expect
soon to open their academy.
The Ply:mouth State Norjial School (colored), Rev.
John W. Pope, Principal, reports an enrollment of 105 teachers,
representing seven Eastern counties.
Albemarle Academy is now enjoying a most prosperous
term. The enrollment is greater than ever before. Rev. Jethro
Rumple, of Salisbury, delivers the annual address.
The societies of Oak Ridge Institute, Guilford county, have
just fitted up their halls with new carpets, curtains, etc. AVe are
pleased to note these evidences of enterprise and success.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 419
The people living near McBride's Mills, Wataugxi county,
lield a public meeting on the 26th of March and made arrange-
ments looking to the establishment of a school of high grade in
their midst.
The State Board of Education, which has in charge
1,500,000 acres of swamp lands, has elected General Gaston
Lewis as engineer, and has decided to reclaim the lands at once
by canaling them.
St. Augustine's ISTormal School and Collegiate Insti-
tute, of Raleigh, is about to erect a new building for the
accommodation of male boarders, and will soon begin a new
school building to cost $10,000.
Finley High School, of Hickory, Catawba county, is doing
well. By the way, we note that one of its old pupils who has
just completed a successful term in the State Senate has been
honored with the appointnieut of State Solicitor.
The Cape Fear Academy, under the principalship of Prof
Washington Catlett, is in a most prosperous condition. Eighty-
one pupils enrolled and the institution well supplied with philos-
ophical apparatus, library, maps, globes and charts.
The Waynesville High School, under the skilled man-
agement of Prof. T. W. Noland, is in a highly prosperous con-
dition. The iVew's says of it : " The interest taken in it by Mr.
Noland, the Principal, his teachers and the community at large,
insures continiied success."
The Williamston Academy was chartered seventy years
ago. New buildings have been recently erected, complete and
modern furniture added and the academy is enjoying a season of
unusual prosperity. Pev. Oscar Hightower is Principal, and he
is assisted by Miss Cloe Biggs.
KiNSTON College has a staunch, solid patronage, represent-
ing fifteen counties of the State, One hundred and fifty-six
students are enrolled for the term, including some from Virginia
and Florida. The Commencement Address is to be delivered by
Col. John N. Staples on June 4th,
420 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Mount Vernon Springs Academy, Chatham county, has
ninety pupils enrolled. In this prosperous school there are five
instructors — three males, two females. Two Literary Societies,
one for the boys and one for the girls. The village is steadily
improving. Two new stores have recently been opened. The
houses are all occupied, and the citizens are adorning and improv-
ing their premises.
The Durham Graced School is one of the most popular
and successful schools in the State. Its officers and teachers are
as follows: Superintendent, Prof. E. W. Kenneday; Teachers —
First Grade, Miss Bessie Fanning; Second Grade, Miss Eva Cox ;
Third Grade, Miss Marion Fuller; Fourth Grade, Miss Lula
Freeland; Fifth Grade, Miss Dora Fanning; Freshman Class,
Prof. E. D. Monroe; Junior and Senior Classes, Prof. T. J.
Simmons.
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE.
County Superintendents and public school teachers are hereby
notified that on and after the second Thursday iu October next
examination will be required on Physiology and Hygieue. The
State Board of Education will^ at an early day, recommend a
text-book on this subject, and publication will be made so that
all may know what book is recommended, where it may be
obtained and the price agreed upon. Any teacher desiring to be
examined at any earlier day than the second Thursday in October
may be examined on any of the regular days indicated in the
law. Let all prepare and be examined as soou as possible.
Very respectfully,
S. M. FIXGER,
Superintendent nf Public Instruction.
Raleigh, April 20, 1885.
°Tlie State press will confer a favov by copying.
IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM.
GE0GR!5PHICflL CHRRflDE-NORTH CKROLlNfl.
BY MRS. M. B. C. SLADE.
Scene I.— North.
\_Four G-iiis, with arms uplifted and extended, advance to the
front of the stage. Each, at the closing word, "there!" points
directly North. Speak slowly and distinctly.]
First G. Eternal waste of ice and snow beams there !
Second G. The midnight sun, M'ith lurid glow, gleams there!
Third G. See phantom armies of the skies clash there !
Fourth G. See cynosure for seamen's eyes flash there!
Scene II.— Carol.
[The same Girls sing, emphasizing Carol whenever it occurs.
Any familiar tune.]
Carol loud, and Carol clear,
Carol your devotion
To the home to us so dear.
Between the hills and ocean.
Carol loud, and Carol sweet,
Carol, sons and daughters !
Fairer home no eye can greet,
From mountains to the waters.
Scene III.— Line.
[Arrange a straight line of scholars in front, and a curved line
behind them. Each line recites in concert.]
Straight Line. "Straight is the line of duty.
Curved Line. Curved is the line of beauty.
Straight Line. Follow the first, and thou shalt see,
Carved Line. The last will surely follow thee !"
422 TliE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
[In reciting the third line, let the Straight Line march on; and
in reciting the fourth, let the Carved Line march on and into
the steps of the Straight Line.'\
Scene IV. — A.
[Arranged in a framed Tableau, North Carolina, a young lady
in national colors, holding a shield with the Arms of Xorth
Carolina. (See Webster's Unabridged, page 1755.) This is
covered while another girl recites:]
Ah ! let me show you a lovely face !
Ah ! let it sjjeak of a brave, old place !
Ah! let it tell you where Freedom woke!
Ah! let it tell you where first she spoke!
Scene Y, — North Carolina.
[She unveils the figure. The audience look upon it as a tableau.
She recites:]
Hark! the face a voice hath found !
Listen to its silver sound.
North (Jarolina recites:
From Mecklenburg a voice went out,
A hundred years ago — a shout
That cried, My sous are free !
The Old North State was first to take
Her stand for Right, for Freedom's sake,
Their champion to be !
"Who am I?" I display my shield;
Behold, upon its ample field
Freedom, with plenty nigh.
Follow the first, and thou shalt see,
The last will surely follow thee !
Now tell me. Who am I?
AU respond: North Carolina. (Scene closes by all the
class singing joyfully and with emphasis our state song, "Ho! for
Carolina," the boys alone singing the fourth stanza and the girls
alone singing the fifth stanza. The words should be uttered with
distinctness and expression.)
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 423
MUSIC IN A NUTSHELL
A, B, C, D, E, F,G,
Say the letters after me;
Then again, begin with A,
Bid them all again good-day;
Seven said, and you are done ;
Now you know them, every one.
Notice now the high, black keys,
First the twos and then the threes;
These are little hills, you say —
Yes, the sharps and flats alway;
They are sharps when up you go;
Sliding down, they're flats, you know\
Put your flnger now on C. —
That is right — below the D ;
D's between the tico black keys,
G and A within the threes.
When you learn them all by heart,
I shall think you pretty smart.
B must be below the C's,
Both above the three black keys;
But below the two black keys;
Keady for your merry trills,
All the E's and F's do dwell-
Now you know your lesson well.
— Seleded.
Be thoroughly in earnest and your energy and spirit will
•ause interest and enthusiasm in the class.
424 THE XOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
THINGS TO TELL PUPILS.
The longest bridge in the world crosses Lake Pontchartraiii
at New Orleans. It is twenty-two miles in length.
The Biggest Xugget. — How gold came to be distributed
over the surface of the earth is one of the unsolved problems of
modern science. It has been found on the surface in nearly all
portions of the globe. In the time of Julius Csesar the savage
inhabitants of the British Isles wore golden ornaments made ot
the precious metal found near the river beds. Columbus, it will
be remembered, discovered great quantities of gold ou the AYest
Indian islands from sources which have long been exhausted.
The day of placer diggings on the Pacific Coast is also over.
Probably the only gold fields left to-day are in Africa. Undoubt-
edly this surface gold was washed out of the rocks from the
mountainous country in which the streams took their rise. A
record has been kept of the large masses of gold called '' nuggets,"
found in the various streams in California. In 1860 a nugget
weighing 1,596 ounces was taken from the jNIonumeutal INIine,
Sierra Buttes, the value of which was estimated at from $21,000
to $30,000. Another great nugget, worth $22,000, was taken
from the Rainbow Mine, Chipp's Flats, in 1881 ; in 1858 a nug-
get was found in French Ravine, weighing 532 ounces, worth
$10,000. In the same ravine, in 1851, a nugget of 436 ounces
was found, worth $8,000. Many other nuggets have been found
from time to time, worth from one to five thousand dollars.
Undoubtedly these great blocks of gold were washed down from
formations similiar to the fauious Comstock, which, it may be
interesting to note, has now yielded over $300,000,000 in gold
and silver. There are, no doubt, in the vast mineral regions of
the West hundreds of Comstocks yet to be discovered. While
there is little more surface gold, the vsources from which it caine
in the Sierra and Rocky Mountains are as yet untouched. The
United States has the greatest bullion mines in the world, so far
as known ; indeed, we produce to-day more than half the precious
metal found ou the face of the adobe.
NORTH CARO-LINA TEACHERS' ASSEIBLY,
The "Chautauqua" held at Waynesville last summer was
the first educatioual gathering of the kind ever seen in the South.
Since that time many of our sister States have organized similar
meetings, but North Carolina teachers wear the laurels as leaders
of this great educational movement.
Every County Superintendent in the State who desires to
advance the educational interests of his county ought, by all
means, to attend the Assembly, as new and practical ideas will
be there developed and discussed which will be of very great
interest and importance to them in their work.
Have you secured your "■ Certificate of Membership" from the
Treasurer? Do not delay this important thing until you are
almost ready to take the train, as you will need the certificate in
purchasing the Assembly ticket at your railroad station. The
Treasurer's address is R. S. Arrowood, Concord, N. C.
The excellent "Teachers' Bureau" will be a most valuable
feature of the Assembly. This department will be organized at
the beginning of the session and will assist all teachers who may
desire situations, and it will aid school officers and committees in
obtaining good teachers. Any person needing a teacher for the
fall term should address an application to "Teachers' Bureau,
Black Mountain, N. C," stating qualifications desired and salary
to be paid, also any other matters of importance, and the appli-
cation will have prompt and careful attention. Teachers who
want schools should give their names to the Bureau at an early
day, so that they may be properly entered and classified. State
your qualifications as fully as possible, also how much experience
you have had in teaching, and mention the religious denomination
with which you may be connected.
426 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
How WE shall enjoy the pleasant "hand-shaking" with our
"Chautauqua friends" of last summer ! The coming session of
the Assembly will seem but the delightful reunion of a great
family of sympathetic and congenial co-laborers, and as we again
listen to the enthusiastic and encouraging words of Reinhart,
Wright, Smith, Mclver, Branson, Arrowood, Faucelt, Starnes,
Morson, Anderson, Gilliam, Williams, Weatherly, Frazier, Cobb,
jNIisses Woodward, Goodloe, Pescud, Marshall and hosts of others,
it will almost appear that this session is but a continuation of
last summer's enjoyable meeting after but a short recess. And
how we shall rejoice in the many pleasant new acquaintances to
be formed with fellow- teachers throughout the State aud educa-
tional leaders from abroad ! If Xorth Carolina does not advance
several steps in educational work during the next year the blame
will certainly not rest with her teachers.
Thp: following rates of fare have been made for the Assem-
bly tickets for the round trip: New Bern 1^11.00; Kiuston
$10.10; LaGrange $9.80; Goldsboro $9.20; Wilson $10.65;
Magnolia $11.35; Rocky Mount $11. G5; Enfield $12.75; Tar-
boro $12.85; Wilmington $12.50; Raleigh $8.50; Durham
$8.25; Chapel Hill $8.50; Greensboro $8.00; Salisbury $6.30;
High Point $7.75; Henderson $10.75, Wake Forest $9.70;
Charlotte $8.00; Concord $7.75. The tickets will be on sale
June 9th and 1 6th, and you cannot go on any other days at the
special rate. The session will begin at Black Mountain on the
11 til of June at 10 o'clock. Tickets are good for forty-five days
from day of sale, and will permit the holder to return on any train
and stop over at any points desired. The limit of the ticket is
sufficient for you to attend the Assembly and then spend a month
at any of the normal schools, and the entire railroad fare will
then, in many cases, be less than simply a ticket to the normal
^^■ithout the trip to the Assembly. Have your baggage checked
through to Black INiountain from the |K)int where you take the
train. There will be no change of cars at Salisbury. Persons
wanting a sleeper should write at once to E. G. Harrell, Secre-
tary, at Raleigh, in order that it may be secured in advance.
EDITORIAL.
SOME TEfiCHERS.
There are some teachers Avho expect to secure tlie best schools
that are to be had ; they expect the largest salaries that the State
permits or that a school committee will pay ; they expect to
receive the highest applause and appreciation of their work.
They will not, however, attend any meeting of their couuty
teachers' association or institute; they will not visit a normal
school, nor read an educational journal, nor study any work on
teaching; they will not go to any great gathering of their fellow-
teachers, that they may get some new ideas or methods which will
enable them to teacli with more pleasure and success. They are
utterly indifferent to everything except securing a school and
drawing the salary, and then they try to repose upon the con-
sciousness of having given " value received " for the trust confided
to them by patrons and school committees! Is this right? Is
tliis honest to yourself and to your patrons? You may be so
thoroughly. competent that you have no need for the aid given by
educational journals, books upon teaching or lectures from other
and more experienced teachers, and we sincerely hope this may
be the case with you, but if you cling to such a delusion in this
age of educational progress, we fear that you will "wake up"
some day to find that your school has been given to some more
ambitious teacher; one who does not feel c^uite so competent as
you do, but who wants to be equal to the best and is constantly
studying and working to this end. The State is spending a large
amount in aiding the summer educMional gatheriugs to provide
the very best means for training and teaching her teachers, and
patrons of schools expect those in whose charge the children are
428 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
placed to take advantage of every opportunity for improvement
which may be offered. Think of these things, teachers^ because
they are of the greatest importance to you.
Would you like for your friends and co-laborers throughout
the State to know how your school is succeeding? Do you desire
to let the public know that you are still in the profession^ud are
trying to build up our educational interests? A postal card
would bring this information to us if you will take five minutes
to write it. The Teacher wants to help you in attaining
greater success in teaching — will you let it do this ?
The CouNTiY Boards of Education, which are soon to be
chosen by the magistrates of each county, are very important
parts of our successful educational u:iachinery. A good board
will be of the greatest benefit to the schools, while an inefficient
one can wreck the scliools of a county. See to it, county superin-
tendents, teachers and all friends of education, that none but the
best men are chosen for your Board of Education, and the time
which you may give to securing the right appointments will repay
you a thousand fold in better schools and better teachers.
The School LA^v now requires all teachers in the public
schools to be examined upon "Elementary Physiology and
Hygiene." The law claims that teachers ought to be informed
in the general laws of health and ventilation, hence this provision
in the bill. There are quite a number of easy elementary text-
books upon this subject, a short, careful study of any of them
will give considerable information. The admirable illustrated
lecture by Dr. Lewis at the Teachers' Assembly this summer,
and the discussion which is to follow, will be of very great value
to teachers who are to be examined. The State Board of Educa-
tion, at an early meeting, will select some particular books upon
this subject and recommend them for use in all the public schools.
The price will be luade very low for fii-st introduction and it is
very desirable that teachers adopt the book at once. Messrs.
Alfred Williams & Co., Raleigh, will supply the books at intro-
ductory prices.
THE NORTH CAROIJXA TEACHER. 429
If you HAVE opened a new school, notify us; if you have
built a new school-house, notify us; if you have a prosperous
school, notify us; if you have changed your location, notify us;
if a teacher in your vicinity has married, notify us ; if a teacher
has died, notify us; if you have adopted any new methods, notify
us; if you have engaged a new teacher, notify us.
ABOUT OUR TEACHERS.
Miss Kittie Herman is teaching at Suggviile, (xreene county.
Mr. H. T. Spears has taken charge of the Acaden:iy at Lillington.
Miss M. M. Wike is teaching near Shull's Mills, Watauga county.
Miss Mamie Herman has a school at Willow Green, Greene county.
Miss E. J. McFarland is teaching at Oak Lawn, Richmond county.
Miss Nannie Latham is teaching near Fountain Hill, Lenoir county.
Mrs. L. a. Hockadat has a good school near Grissom, Granville county.
Mr. J. B. Johnson has been teaching at Watauga Church, Watauga county.
Prof. E. A, Reed is Principal of Sandy Mush High School, Buncombe county.
Rev. B. G. Marsh has over seventy pupils in his school at Troy, Montgomery
t^'ounty.
Miss Bessie Easley, of Guilfold, has charge of the Academy at Apex, Wake
county.
Miss Alice Pell is teaching music in the Academy at Mount Olive, W^ayue
county.
Prof. Emile DeSchweinitz, late of the University faculty, has gone to
Germany.
Mr. W. R. Harris has sixty pupils enrolled in his school at Ophir, Mont-
gomery county.
Miss Bettie White and sister have a flourishing school at Belvidere, Per-
quimans county.
Mrs. R. H. Lane has been engaged as teacher of music in Aurora Academy,
Beaufort county.
Miss E. F. Henrt, of Davenport, has been visiting relatives at Raleigh during
the Easter holidays.
Miss Mart M. Davis, of Louisburg, has a school of forty-two puj^ils at
Areola, Warren county.
Miss Maggie McDowell, of Raleigh, has been chosen as one of the faculty
of Boone Normal School.
430 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Albemarle (Stanlt County) Academy, Prof. W. H. Spinks, Priucipal, is in a
tlourishing condition.
Mr. W. H. McNeill, of Cumberland, has opened a private school at Towns-
ville, Granville county.
Miss Minnie M. Martin has taken the position of Principal of Sandy Ridge
Academy, Stokes county.
Rev. J. D. Hufham, D. D., aviU deliver the Annual Address before Warsaw
High School on May 2l8t.
Miss Mamie McCalebb, who has been teaching in Wake county, has returned
to her home in Mississippi.
Miss Martha Mills has a very good school of about thirty scholars near
Thomasville, Davidson county.
Mr. S. a. Alexander has just closed a very successful school term at Rock
Rest Academy, Chatham county.
Miss Lucy Floyd, a well-educated young lady, has a very good school at Mr.
L. L. Green's, in Watauga county.
Miss Lou Morgan has opened a school at Peru, Haywood county, which
promises to have a large attendance.
Mr. J. Henry Thorpe, who has been teaching in Iredell, is now a i^upil at
Cross Roads Academy, Yadkin county.
Prof. J. B. Newton, a thoroughly competent and progressive teacher, has a
good school at Aulander, Bertie county.
Mr. T. M. George, Principal of Cross Roads Academy, Yadkin county, has an
enrollment of one hundred and ten pupils.
Rev. George W. Greene, Principal of Moravian Falls Academy, Wilkes
county, has a large and prosperous school.
Rev. T. U. Faucett, Principal of Milton Female Seminary, and a Chautauquau
of '84, gave us a pleasant call a few days since.
Mr. Newberry has charge of the public school at Columbia, Tyrrell county,
and has just moved into a new school building.
Prof. McEwen, late of Elk Knob Academy, Watauga county, has opened a
ten months' school at Mt. Bethel, Caldwell county.
W. A. Blair, A. M., Principal of the High Point School, has one hundred and
tifty-three names on his roll of pupils this session.
Mr. L. R. Carroll will take charge of the school at Warsaw, Duplin county,
and will rebuild on the site of the house recently burned.
Prof. H. H. Williams, of Trinity College, will spend his summer vacation in
Germany. He will sail for Europe about the last of May.
Dr. S. S. Everitt, brother of Miss Fannie Everitt of Statesville, died in ^liss-
issippi on the 16th iiist. The Teacher extends sympathies.
Miss A. E. Stanly, of Lebanon, Columbus county, who has been teaching for
some time, has entered as a student at Chadbourn Academy.
Mr. W. p. White, who has just opened a public school at Haw River, Ala-
nuiuce countj^, paid us a pleasant visit on the 30th of ISIarch.
THE XORTII CAROLINA TEACHER. 4;>1
Miss Maggie Henderson, a graduate of the Penusylvania State Normal
School, is teachlna: at Locust Level Acadeiny, Cabarrus (-ounty.
Mk. D. S. Kennedy, of Warsaw High School, is about to remove to Littleton.
Halifax c6unty, where he' will take charge of au academy for boys.
Mk. S. B. Tuurentine, Principal of Union Academy at Lambsville, Chatham
county, has about ninety pupils enrolled, and is building up a fine school.
Rev. W. M. Kennedy, of the Warsaw High School, will soon remove to Little-
ton, Halifax county, and enter fully into the ministry of the Baptist Church.
'Shi. Z. I. Whitfield, who has been teaching in Pitt and Robeson counties, is
preparing himself for greater usefulness at Vine Hill Academj', Scotland Neck.
Pkof. a. J. McAlpine, Principal of the Raleigh Centennial Graded School,
has been quite sick from erysipelas. We are pleased to say he is convalescent.
Mr. S. M. Gattis has a prosperous school at Rome, in Johnston county. The
term closes May 1st, and Mr. E. W. Pou, Jr., of Smithfleld, delivers the annual
address.
Rev. Dr. Chakees F. Deems, of New York, formerly a professor in our Uni-
versity, and also President of Greensboro Female College, lectured in Raleigh a
few days since.
Prof. E. P. Moses, Principal of the Goldsboro Graded School, will deliver an
address at the Assembly which will be of great interest and importance to North
Carolina teachers.
Mr. R. S. Powell is Princfipal of the Male and Female English and Mathema-
tical School at Ruffin, Rockingham county. His school is well-supplied with
modern appliances.
Rev. J. W. PiNNix has just closed a most successful term of the public school
at Kernersville, Davidson county. He has been teaching twenty-four years, and
is highly spoken of as an educator.
Prof. S. C. Lindsay', Principal of Kernersville High School, has, we regret to
learn, been compelled to quit the school-room on account of ill health. He hopes
soon to be able to resume his work.
Miss Nora King, who has been teaching in the Female Seminary at Gordons-
vllle, Va., has, in consequence of the death of the principal of that institution,
returned to her home at Wilson, N. C.
Mr. W. H. p. Jenkins, the efficient Superintendent of Public Instruction for
Granville county, has been stirring up the brethren over the border hy delivering
an educational address at Franklinton.
Mr. W. A. Long, of Buncombe county, has charge of School Creek Academj',
near Quallatown, Jackson county. He has an enrollment of seventy-five active
pupils, and steps are being taken to erect a larger school building.
Miss Mamie Shaw, of Maysville, S. C, has accepted a position as teacher in
the Laurinburg Female Institute. We are pleased to hear that the increased pat-
ronage of the school required the employment of this additional teacher.
Davenport Female College, under the able management of Prof. Will H.
Sanborn, is doing well, and the prospects for the next session are very encour-
aging. Additional buildings are required and will be erected this summer.
\
432 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACEHR.
Miss Alice C. Page, owing to the death of her mother, has resigned her posi-
tion as teacher of the Sandy Ridge Academy, Stokes county, and returned to her
home at Morrisville. Her students adopted resolutions highly complimentary to
Miss Page, and tendering their sincerest condolence in her bereavemeirt.
Rev. a. Kirkland, Superintendent of Public Instruction for Columbus county,
has opened a training school at Whiteville, in which teachers will be properly
tiained for the work of teaching, and will receive that instruction which will
enable them to obtain higher grade certificates and better pay. Mr. Kirkland is
a thoi'ough scholar and has given the subject of common schools much thought
and attention.
Mk. E. Y. Pekry, Principal of Hookerton Male and Female Academy, writes
that he has moved into a new and commodious school building just completed at
a cost of $1,500. He has a full school, with fine prospects for an increased
attendance next session. The people of Hookerton are wide awake upon the
subject of education, and are determined to build up a school that will rival anv
io the State. Mr. Perrv can accommodate one hundred boarders next session.
TEACHERS' BUREAU.
[•ft3='TnE NoKTH C'akolix.v Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned in this
department, and letters answering any announcemen*-. may be addressed care of The
Teacher and they will be promptly forwarded. We desire to aid every teacher in secur-
ing a good situation, and no eliarge is made for the insertion of notices in this depart-
ment.]
POSITION WANTED.
53. A good colored teacher wants a school to begin about June 1st. Six years'
experfence, and can give tirst-class testimonials. Address W. F. Davis, Manson.
North Carolina.
TEACHERS WANTED.
.\ teacher of vocal and instrumental music in a school of high grade in Eastern
North Carolina. Salar3', six hundred dollars per session of ten months. A gen-
tleman prefeired. No choice in regard to religious denominatiou.
The Raleigh School Board will elect a City Superintendent of Schools about
May 5th. Applications may be sent at once to T. H. Briggs, Jr., Secretary, Ral-
eigh. N. C.
• The Trustees of the University of North Carolina will hold a meeting, probably
in June or early in July next, for the purpose of electing the following ofBcers,
viz. : 1, a Professor of English Language and Literature ; 2, a Professor of French
aud German; 3, a Professor of the Theory and Art of Teaching (Pedagogics):
4, a Professor of Agricultural Chemistry and Mining; 5, an Assistant Professor of
Pure Mathematics ; 6, an Assistant Professor of Economic Geology, Botany aud
Entomology ; 7, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Engineering. Those desir-
ing to compete for the y)Ositions should forward their testimonials by the 1st of
June to Hon. Kemp P. Battle, LL. D., President, Chapel Hill, N. C.
THE
North Carolina Teacher.
Vol. II. Raleigh, May, 1885. No. 11.
SWMNSNOfi.
BY A GENTLEMAN FROM CHARLESTON, S. C.
Swannanoa, nymph of beauty,
I \voul<l woe thee in my rhyme;
Wildest, brightest, loveliest river,
Of our sunny, southern clime!
Svvanuanoa, well they named thee,
In the mellow Indian tongue;
Beautiful* thou art, most truly,
And right worthy to be sung.
I have stood by many a river
Known to story and to song, —
Ashley, Hudson, Susquehanna,
Fame to which may well belong;
I have camped by the Ohio,
Trod Scioto's fertile banks.
Followed far the Juniata,
In the wildest of her pranks, —
But thou reignest queen forever,
Child of Appalachian hills.
Winning tribute as thou flowest.
From a thousand mountain rills.
■Suiinnaiioa. — the Clierokee, — is translated "Beautiful."
434 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Thine is l:>eauty, strength-begotten,
Mid the cloud-l)egirded peaks^
Where tlie patriarch of the nioontains,t
Heavenward, far thy waters seeks.
Through the laurels and the beeclies.
Bright thy silvery current shines.
Sleeping now in granite basins^
Overhung by trailing vines,
And anon careering onward.
In the maddest frolic mood,
Waking, with its sea-like voices^
Fairy echoes in the wood.
Peaceful sleep thy narrow valleys^
In the shadow of the hills ;
And thy flower-enamelled border,
All the air with fragrance fills;
Wild luxuriance, — generous tillage, —
Here alternate meet the view ;
Every turn, through all thy windings.
Still revealing something uew.
Where, oh I graceful Swanuanoa,
Are the warriors who of old
Sought thee, at thy mountain sources.
Where thy springs are icy cold, —
Where the dark-browed Indian maidens.
Who their limbs were wont to lave
(Worthy bath far fairer beauty),
In thy cool and limpid wave?
f The Black Mountain, — in which the stream has its souvee, — uiiere ouv Teachers
Assembly meets this year.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 435
Gone forever from thy borders,
But immortal in thy name,
Are the red men of the forest !
Be thou keeper of their fame!
Paler races dwell beside thee;
Celt and Saxon till thy lands,
Wedding use unto thy beauty, —
Linking over thee their hands.
[Tor the North Carolina Teacher.
'^WRIGGLES."
TBY MISS MAGGIE MCDOWELL, RALEIGH GRADEP SCHOOL.
A queer heading for an article connected with education, yet
it is a subject of momentous importance to both teachers and
pupils; for this thing of wriggling is a source of great annoy-
ance to the teacher, and of great censure and suffering to pupils.
Action has ever been significant of life, inaction of stagnation
and death; not only in the physical, but also in the moral and
scientific world. When the physician fails to discover any action
of the heart and its accompanying vital organs, the body is pro-
nounced dead, and however fair in form and features, like-salt
that has lost its savor, it is committed to the earth, to be trodden
under foot by the. thoughtless, careless multitude.
A faith without w^orks is a dead faith; a sea without its bil-
lows is a dead sea; a world without its stormy winds and light-
ning's flash would be a dead world; and a child without his
squirms and wriggles must be a dead child, possibly not physi-
cally, but certainly mentally. We look upon the storm, the
wdiirlwind, the tempest and the volcano as mighty forces in
nature's economy, working together to clear our physical world
of its scum and filth. May not this volcanic, tempestuons wrig-
gling of our little ones result from the efforts of their young
436 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
ideas to penetrate and disperse mental s(mm? If so, should their
wriggling be repressed? Would it be wise to attempt to rid our-
selves of the noise and inconvenience of volcanoes by filling up
their months? Should we not by scattering and directing, utilize
this great mental energy?
You may laugh and ridicule this comparing a child with a
volcano, but the human mind is a grand, a glorious, an awful
thing. Victor Hugo said of Napoleon, that his brain contained
the cube of human faculties, and so immense was his will power
that it could subdue the learned Assembly of France and drive
them out of the Senate, like so many dogs, by brandishing a
cudgel. Is the day of Napoleon passed? Why not use the
power in the restless hands and feet of the little ones as a steam
propeller for packing numeration and notation, addition and sub-
traction into their knowing craniums? In spelling, and form
too, I find the hands and feet almost indispensable t<> the life and
interest of these tasks. But do not these feet and tongues and
hands, when all going together, make a great deal of noise and
grate on the ear of the tired teacher? And oh! if company
should come in ! Does a bright, buoyant, liappy boy make no
noise in the corridors of his home? And yet, what would that
home, however attractive otherwise, be without his noise ! Is the
school-room built for the teacher, and the children placed there
as ornaments for her boudoir; revolving at her pleasure; again
stationary, or musical if she desires to please her visitors? My
conviction is, that teacher, room, and all it contains, even the
visitors themselves, are for the children's use.
Let the little limbs wriggle, and the little tongues clatter, and
with proper, conscientious, prayerful care and training, this
superfi^uous energy will wriggle the child into a well-developed,
well-balanced, noble manhood or womanhood. Like a tired
mother, your nerves will be frequently stretched to the utmost
tension, and an aching head will frequently sharpen the accents
of the tongue, and thus cause aching hearts, but love on, strive
on, pray on; remembering that these perpetual wrigglers are
"our past selves, oiu' present care, our future hope, the life, the
pivot of the world."
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 437
NORTH CSROLINl SCHOOLS.
COMMENCEMENTS FOR 1885.
EDUCATION IN THE OLD NORTH STATE UPWARD AND ONWARD !
Albemarle Academy, Stanly couDty, will close June 12th.
The annua! addre.ss will be delivered by Rev. Jethro Rumple,
D. D., of Salisbury.
Ashpole Institute, Robeson county, Rev. S. Ivy, J^riucipal,
closes June 1 1th. Address by Rev. F. W. Eason, of Fayette-
ville.
An.son Institute, Wadesboro, Prof D. M. McGregor, Prin-
cipal, closes June 5th. Rev. N. M. Woods, of Charlotte, deliv-
ers? the address. There will be a concert at night.
Barnes' School, Wilson, will close June 11th. This school
is intended only as a high grade for boys who are preparing for
business or college. Enrollment limited to thirty. W. S. Barnes,
Principal.
Blair's School, High Point, VV. A. Blair, Principal, closes
June 4th. Address by Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent
of Public Instruction. Prof. Blair 'is assisted by Mrs. M. J.
Edwards, Prof. A. Blaufuss, G. N. Raper and Miss Alma Rich-
ardson. School buildings valued at $2,500, with 1,000 volumes
in library. Enrollment for term 176; 17 preparing for higher
courses.
Bingham School, Orange county, Maj. Robert Bingham,
Principal, was established in 1793; has an enrollment of 250
boys. Value of .school property, $30,000. Closes May 29th.
Bethany School, Statesville, Iredell county, Mr. John T.
Paris, Principal, Mr. Silas W. Paris, Assistant, closes May 29th.
Enrollment 16 males, 27 females; value of building, $200.
Bethel Academy, Clover Orchard, Alamance county, Mr.
George W. Holmes, Principal, will close May 22d. He reports
438 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
a good atteudauce. Dr. George W. Long will deliver the lit-
erary address.
Clayton Institute, Johnston county, Rev. W. C. Xowell,
Principal, will close June 12th. Ernest P. Maynard, Esq., of
Raleigh, delivers the address.
Central Female Institute, Littleton, Halifax county,
Rev. J. M. Rhodes (Trinity), assisted by Mrs. J. M. Rhodes and
Misses J. Hutchison, L. M. Reeks and V. Boddie, reports an
enrollment of 65. The school buildings are valued at |6,000;
improvements for the year |1,500.
Cape Fear Academy, Wilmington, Prof. Washington Cat-
lett (Uni. Va.), Principal, assisted by Mr. P. V. Boner, was
established by General R.- E. Colston, has steadily increased in
numbers for the past eigjit years and now numbers 81. Will
close June 26th.
Charlotte ^ Female Institute, Rev. W. R. Atkinson,
Principal (assisted by Mrs. S. C. White, Misses M. L. Mattoon,
E. McGilvary, F. E. Mai ford, Grace S. Dewey, Mrs. B. L.
Dewey, Mrs. E. D. Wallace and Mrs. W. R. Atkinson), has
enrolled 125; closes Jtine 10th; address by Hon. F. G. Behre,
of South Carolina; sermon by Rev. A. D. Hepburn, D. D. This
school was established in 1822. School buildings valued at
$30,000, school apparatus $700; 200 volumes in library. Can
accommodate 160. Seven graduates, with fifty preparing for
higher course.
Clinton Collegiate Institute, Sampson county, Prof. J.
T. Murphy, Principal (assisted by Jean Holtbuer, Miss Mary
Seavy and Miss Nannie Shepherd), will close June 10th. Has
enrolled 128, with 10 preparing for higher course. Property
valued at $3,000.
Catawba High School, Newtou, Prof. Herbert Ward
(Amherst), Principal, closes May 20th. Address by Hon. A.
Leazar; sermon by Rev. W. W. Bays.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 439
Cana Academy, Davie (iouDty, closes May 22d. Address
by Mr. E. E. Raper, Superintendent of Instruction for Davidson
county.
Concokdia College, Couover, Catawba county, closes May
22d. Literary address by Mr. J. M. Leach, Jr., of Davidson
county.
Davidson College, Mecklenburg county, will close June
lOtli. Hon. Leroy F. Youmans, of Columbia, S. C, will
deliver the address. Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage has also been
invited.
Davis High School, LaGrange, will close June 10th, with
an address by Mr. W. H. Blount, the erudite editor of the Wil-
son Mirror,
Ellerbe Springs Academy, Richmond county. Prof. M.
C. McAskill, Principal, will close June 19th. Has enrolled 28,
of whom 7, are preparing for a higher course.
Elizabeth City Academy, Prof. S. L. Sheep, Principal
(assisted by Miss S. E. Martin, Mrs. E. G. Thompson and Miss
Sel ma Snyder), has 120 enrolled, being an increase of 200 per
cent, over 1883. Will close June 25th, with an address by Col.
L. D. Starke, of Norfolk, Va. School property valued at
$5,000.
Friends' School, New Garden, Prof. Joseph Moore, LL. D.,
Principal (assisted by L. L. Hobbs, A. M., J. W. Woolly, LL.
B., Lee T. Blair, Mary E. Mendeuhall and Lorena Reynolds),
was established in 1837. Has enrolled 50 females and 82 males,
an increase of 20 per cent, over past ten years. School build-
ings valued at $40,000, apparatus |1,500; 1,140 volumes in
library. Closes June 23d. Has added $1,980 improvements
during year. Prof. Moore was formerly President of Earlham
College, Indiana.
Farmville Collegiate Institute, Pitt county, will close
May 28th, with an address by Mr. J. D. Murphy, of Greenville.
Fork Church Academy, Davie county, Mr. J. T. Alder-
man, Principal, closes May 26th. Addresses will be delivered
440 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACEHR.
by Mr. S. E. Williams, of Lexington, and Rev. W. C Wilson,
Mocksville.
Gaston High School, Dallas, M. L Little, A. M., Prin-
cipal (assisted by L. A. Bikle, D. D., J. M. Roberts, iMr. L. L.
Lober, Miss Nannie Sexton and Miss Mattie Steck), closes ]May
27tli, with a sermon by Rev. F. W. E. Beschan. New school
buildings valued at $10,000; enrollment 245, including 51 in
music class. Has 124 boarders — a steady increase.
Gilliam's Academy, Morton's Store, Alamance county, J.
W. Gilliam, Principal, has an enrollment of 3(3, a gain of 20
per cent, over former years. School building new, with black-
board surface sufficient for twenty pupils to draw maps at one
time. The teaching is normal in bearing.
Glenwood High School, Johnston county, Mr. C. W.
Corriher, Principal, Miss Willie A. Carver, Assistant, closes May
15th, with an address by Hon. D. H. McLean. Enrollment 72,
with 12 in mus'ic. School building valued at $550, apparatus
1250.
GoLDSBORO Graded High School, Prof. E. P. Moses,
Superintendent (Assistants, Miss E. A. Alderman, John L.
Borden, Miss Jennie Royal, Miss Mary H. Robinson, Mrs. A.
G. Cratou, Miss Annie A. Moore, Miss Clara H. Jones, Miss
Olivia Millard, Miss May Carrow, Miss Florence Bonitz, Miss
Bettie Spicer, Mrs. M. O. Humphrey, Miss Katie Millard).
Established in 1881; enrolled 659; closes June 11; address by
C. B. Aycock, Esq. School buildings valued at $10,000; 400
volumes in library; a larger enrollment than for any previous
year; will graduate 14.
Graham Nor?»[al College, Alamance county. Rev. W. S.
Long, A. M., President (H. J. Stockton, S. A. Holleman,
Anne Joe Long, Assistants). Closes May 29; address by Dr.
E. Harding; sermon by Rev. Jas. Maple, Marion, Indiana;
enrollment 112; 50 females, 62 males; 10 graduates; 80 prepar-
ing for higher courses; value of school buildings $4,000; 300
volumes in librarv.
THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER. 441
Grange High School, Woodland, Northampton county, J.
AY. Fleetwood (Wake Forest College), Principal, will close June
12th; enrollment 42 ; four preparing for higher course; build-
ing valued at |(300. •
Grover High School, Cleveland county, closes May 22d.
Address by Mr. L. E. Quinn, of Charlotte Graded School.
Greensboro Female College, Rev. T. M. Jones, D. D.,
Pres"ident, was established in 1846. Closes May 28th; addresses
by Hon. A. H. Colquitt, of Georgia, and Dr. Charles F. Deems,
of New York; sermon by Rev. R. A. Young, of Nashville,
Teun. Enrollment 193; value of school buildings |50,000;
apparatus $1,000; 2,000 volumes in library; 371 have graduated
from this institution.
Greensboro Graded School, Prof Samuel C. Smith, Prin-
cipal (Robert A. Foard, Miss Sallie Brent, Miss Mamie Sher-
wood, Miss Mamie Caldwell, Assistants), closes May 22; enroll-
ment 111 females, 115 males — total 226; value of building
§2,000; 300 volumes in library; thirteen in 10th grade, fifteen
in 9th grade.
Holly Springs Institute, Wake county. Rev. J. M. White,
Principal (Miss S. O. Williamson and Mr. J. R. Williams,
Assistants), closes May 29 ; enrollment 70.
HooKERTON Collegiate Institute, Greene county, Mr. E.
Y. Perry Principal, closes May 29; address by Dr. R. H. Lewis,
of Kinston; enrollment 26. This school is in its first year, and
has just erected a building valued at $1,500.
Holt's School, Company Shops, Alamance county, Rev. J.
W. Holt, Principal, assisted by Miss Etta L. Holt, will close
May 28 ; enrollment, females 27, males 22— total 49.
Kinston Graded School, Prof E. M. Goodwin (Nashville
Normal), Principal, assisted by Mr. George A. Grimsley, Misses
C. Tull, A. Hardie, A. Grady and Mrs. George B. Webb, closes
May 28. Enrollment 148 females, 140 males— total 288 ; build-
ing valued at $1,800; apparatus $700; volumes in library 450.
2
442 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Kernersville High School, Prof. S. C. Lindsay Princi-
pal, closes May 26, with an address by Rev. Solomon Pool,
D. D., of Winston,
King's Mountain High School, Cleveland county, Capt.
W. T. R. Bell, A. M., Principal (F. P. Matz, Ph. D. (Heidel-
burg), G. T. Farnell, M. A., E. W. Hall, A. B., Miss Sudie B.
Garrett, Assistants), closes June 10; address by Hon. Thos.
Dixon; enrollment 39 females, 99 males — total 138; 61 pPepar-
ing for higher course; 18 graduates in business department;
school buildings valued at $4,000; apparatus -$800; 500 volumes
in library; $500 in improvements added this term; 91 boarders,
representing five States^ and covering 42 counties in North and
South Carolina.
KiNSTON College, Lenoir county. Dr. R. H. Lewis (Uui.
N. C), Principal, (Thos. R. Rouse (Uni. N. C), Mrs. R. H.
Lewis, Miss Katie Lewis, Mrs. Anna L. Davis, Assistants), closes
June 4th, with an address by Col. John N. Staples; enrollment
84 females, 71 males — total 155; value of school building $3,000;
this is a high school, capable of accommodating 200 students.
Laurinburg High School, Richmond county, Professor
W. G. Quakenbush, Principal, will close June 11, with an
address by John S. Long, Esq., of New Bern.
LiNCOLNTON Graded School, Prof D. Matt. Thompson,
Principal, closes May 28; address by Hon. Thos. Dixon, Jr., of
Shelby; sermon by Rev. P. R. Law, of Monroe.
Laurence Y. Morrill, Esq., of Greenville, delivers the
address at E. W. Wilcox's Snow Hill school.
LouiSBURG Practical High School, Franklin county,
Prof. B. AV. Ray (Wake Forest and Poughkeepsie), Principal,
assisted by Mrs. Dr. Malone, Miss Rosa Harris and Prof. W. H.
Michael (Uui. W. Va.), Miss M. Helen Betts, closes June 9th,
with an address by Mr. W. E. Daniel, of Weldon ; enrollment
150; value of school building $10,000; apparatus $200.
Leesville Academy, Kelvin Grove, Wake county, Prof.
Z. D. McWhorter, Principal, is in its first year, has an enroll-
ment of 24, and will close June 11; value of building $200.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 443
Marion High School, McDowell county, Prof. W. G. Ran-
dall (Uni. N. C), Principal, (assisted by Mrs. W. G. Randall
and Miss M. T. Clark), closes June 12; enrollment, 44 females,
47 males — total 91 ; increase of 100 per cent.; 15 preparing for
higher course ; school building valued at $2,500 ; apparatus $1 50 ;
has 15 young men who can enter the Sophomore class in college,
and a number of young ladies who have finished their senior
course in one of our prominent female schools.
MiDDLEBURCf Male Academy, Vance county, Mr. Albert
Anderson, Principal, closes June 3d, with an address by Prof J.
D. Hodges, of Raleigh Male Academy; enrollment 56; value
of building $350.
MooRESViLLE Female Academy, Iredell county. Miss Lucy
Jurney (Davenport College), Principal, assisted by Miss Belle
Boger and Miss M. B. Penick, closes June 2d ; address by Rev.
W. M. Robey, D. D., of Charlotte; enrollment 101.
MiLTON Female Academy, Caswell county, Rev. T. U.
Faucette, Principal, assisted by Mrs. M. A. Faucette, Miss Min-
nie Faucette (Peace Institute), and Miss Annie L. Irvine, closes
June 4, with an address by Rev. J. Henry Smith, of Greensboro ;
enrollment 32; 4 graduates; 15 preparing for a higher course;
vakie of school building $8,000; value of improvements during
the term $1,000.
MoRGANTON Female Academy, Burke county. Miss Lizzie
Moore, Principal, Miss Katie Sheetz, Assistant; enrollment 33.
MoRVEN High School, Anson county. Prof J. W. Kilgo,
Principal, closes June 4th. Rev. W. H. Battle, of Wadesboro,
delivers the address.
Mt. Airy Male High School, Surry county, Mr. W. C.
Earnhardt, Principal, closes June 19th; enrollment 52; 22 pre-
paring for a higher course; value of school property $2,500.
Mount Vernon Springs Academy, Chatham county, Rev.
O. T. Edwards, R. P. Johnston, A. M., and Prof Jones, Prin-
cipals, assisted by Misses E. L. Merrill and M. C. Arnold in
music, drawing and calisthenics, reports an enrollment of 100
for this session.
444 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER,
North Carolina College, Mt. Pleasant, Cabarrus county.
Rev. G. F. Schaeffer, President, H. T. J. Ludwig, Rev. J. C.
F. Rupp, Rev. F. W. E. Peschan and L. H. Rothrock, profes-
sors, closes May 21 ; address by Rev, C. M. Payne, of Con-
cord; sernion by the President; enrollment 97; graduates 2;
value of school buildings |25,000; apparatus $800; 1,000 vol-
umes in library.
JS'ahunta Academy, Wayne county, Mr. J. H. Moore, Prin-
cipal, closes May 21, with an address by Hon. S. M. Finger,
State Superintendent.
Oak Ridge Institute, Guilford county. Profs. J. A. and
M. H. Holt, Principals, assisted by Messrs. R. O. Holt, A. B.,
George Millenway and Miss lone Parker, closes June 1 and 2.
Address by Hon. A. W. Graham; sermon by Rev. T. J. Ogbnrn,
of Winston; enrollment, males 190, females 30 — total 220; 40
preparing for a higher course ; value of school buildings $10,000;
volumes in library 1,000; value of improvements during the
term $7,000.
Oxford Female Seminary, Granville county, Prof F. P.
Hobgood, Principal (assisted by M. M. Hargrove, Pi'of. A.
Endrees, Miss R. Moss, Miss E. Graves, Miss E. Pool and
Miss B. Jordan), closes June 4; address by Rev. Dr. J. L.
Burroughs, of Norfolk; sermon by Rev. Dr. T. H. Pritchard, of
Wilmington; enrollment 135; 800 volumes in library; grad-
uates 11.
Oakdale Academy, Alamance county, Prof. J. A. W.
Thompson, Principal, will close May 27th, with an address by
Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Ophie Academy, Montgomery county. Prof. W. R. Harris,
Principal, will close May 27th, with an address by M. Brad-
shaw, Esq.
Pleasant Hill High School, Elevation, Johnston county.
Prof. Ira Turlington, assisted by Mr. J. D. Morgan, will close
June 11th; address by C. B. Aycock, Esq.
TifE XORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 445
Pine Forest Academy, Wayue eonnty, Mr. W. H. Hand,
Priucipal, closes May 27th; enrollment, females 20, males 16 —
total 36; value of buildings $300; 4 preparing for higher course.
Pine Hill Academy, Johnston county, Prof. W. C. Pullen,
Principal, has an enrollment of 39 ; value of school buildings
$500.
Pleasant Lodge Academy and Business Institute, Ala-
mance county, Prof. T. M. Robertson, Principal, assisted by L.
H. Climer and Miss Annie S. Best, closes May 28th; address by
Hon. F. C. Robbins ; enrollment 117; 10 graduates; 10 prepar-
ing for higher course; value of school buildings $1,000; vol-
umes in library 100.
Peace Institute, Raleigh, Prof. John B. Burwell, Principal
(assisted by Prof. A. Baumann, Mrs. A. Baumann, Miss J. L.
Long, Miss Jennie Faison, Madam Fromm, Prof. Flanders,
Rev. Dr. Watkins, Miss Porter, Miss Nannie Burwell, Miss
Kirkland, Mrs. J. A. McDonald), closes June 1st. The annual
sermon will be delivered by Dr. J. S. Watkins, of the faculty.
The enrollment for the term is 214; number of graduates 15;
value of school buildings and grounds $65,000; apparatus $1,200;
volumes in library 1,000; improvements during year $6,000.
The next session will begin September 2d.
Reidsville Male Academy, Rockingham county, Mr.
George R. McNeill, Principal, assisted by Mr. Willie H. Smith;
closes May 29th; enrollment 54; four preparing for a higher
course; value of school building $700.
Rutherford College, Burke county, Rev. R. L. Aber-
nethy, President; Faculty --Prof. W. E. Abernethy, Prof. R. S.
Abernethy, Prof. J. E. Miller and Prof. M. T. Steele. Enroll-
ment for the term 233; value of school buildings $4,000;
apparatus $500; volumes in library 5,000; closes May 26-27 ;
7 graduates. Annual address by Hon. Richmond Pearson, of
Buncombe; Sermon by Rev. M. L. Wood.
Rock Spring Seminary, Denver, Lincoln county. Prof. Jas.
F. Brower (Trinity College), Principal, will close May 29th ;
address by Rev. W. M. Robey; enrollment 138.
446 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Raleigh Centennial Graded School, Prof. A. J. Mc-
Alpine, Principal, assisted by Prof. L. T. Buchauau (Wake Forest
College), Misses Jean Gales, Pattie Lawrence, Pattie Litchford,
Lillian Branson, Mrs. J. M. Barbee, Misses Loula Piddle, Grace
Bates, Ada V. Womble and Maggie A. McDowell. Enroll-
ment 390 females, 371 males — total 761. Value of school
property $10,000. The city of Raleigh has just voted an
appropriation of $25,000 for fitting up this school.
Raleigh Male Academy, Wake county. Prof Hugh Mor-
son (Uni. Va.), and J. D. Hodges (Trinity), Principals, Mr. I^.
M. Warlick (Uni. N. C), Assistant, closes June 12th; enroll-
ment 105 ; value of building $1,800; apparatus $250.
Rocky Mount Graded School, Edgecombe county, Prof
W. G. Jones, Principal, assisted by Miss M. E. Hackney, Miss
Lillie Lea and Miss S. E. McSwain, closes June 12th; enroll-
ment 91 females,, 98 males — total 189.
Salisbury Graded School, Rowan county. Prof. J. M.
Weatherly, Principal, assisted by J. M. Hill, H. Overman, Miss
B. Neely and Miss C. Moore, has an enrollent of 178 females,
182 males — total 360; value of school buildings $5,000.
Sanford High School, Moore couuty, Mr. C. A. Smith
(Davidson College), Principal, closes May 22d; enrollment 55.
This school is in its first year.
Sandy Ridge Academy, Stokes county. Miss Minnie M.
Martin, Principal, has an enrollment of 30; eight preparing for
a higher course; value of school building $600.
Selma Academy, Johnston county, Mr. Henry Louis Smith,
Principal, assisted by Miss Rena Moore and INIrs. J. K. Howell,
closes June 19th; enrollment 90, 43 females, 47 males; value of
building and apparatus $1,500.
Sparta Institute, Alleghany county. Rev. S. W. Brown,
Principal, assisted by Mrs. Alice Gentry and jNIrs. jNI. jSI. Brown ;
closes May 21st, with an address by Hon. R. Z. Linney; enroll-
ment 69; 20 preparing for a higher course; value of school
building $2,000; apparatus
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 447
SUMMERFIELD HiGH ScHOOL, Guilford COUlltv, Pl'of. F. S.
Blair, Priucipal, will be addressed on closing by Rev. Solomon
Pool, D. D.
Southern Normal, Lexington, Davidson connty, Rev. L. E.
Dnncan, Principal, assisted by C. F. Renuy, Mrs. L. E. Dun-
can, Miss Cora Pitts, Miss Isabel McGehee, Prof. P. A. Duncan,
Miss Mattie Palmer and Mr. W. M. Fariss, closes June 4 ;
sermon by Principal ; enrollment 175; graduates 11; 5 preparing
for higher course; value of building $2,000; apparatus $200;
125 volumes in libi'ary. This institution is in its first year,
Snoav Hill Academy, Greene county, Prof E. W. Wilcox,
assisted by Mrs. E. W. Wilcox and Miss Delia Galloway, closes
May 29th; enrollment 53; school building valued at $600;
apparatus $100; address by Mr. M. V. Morrill.
Spain Academy, Pitt county, Miss Annie E. Spain, Princi-
pal, has an enrollment of 31.
Statesville Female College, Iredell county. Miss Fannie
Everitt, Principal, assisted by Misses Ina McCall, Annie Wilker-
son, Jennie' A. Calver, Mattie C. McSwain, Sudie C. Faisou,
closes June 4th, with an address by Rev. W. S. Lacy; enroll-
ment 104; value of school buildings $30,000; improvements
during the term $1,500; graduates 2; 6 preparing for higher
course.
Salem Female Academy, Forsyth county, Rev. Edward
Ronthaler, D. D., and Rev. John H. Clewell, Principals, closes
June 7th ; sermon by Rev. A. W. Miller, D. D., of Charlotte ;
oration by James H. Carlisle, LL. D. ; diplomas presented by
His Excellency Gov. A. M. Scales; number of graduates 24;
art exhibition and concert Wednesday, June 10.
St. Mary's School, Raleigh, Rev. Bennett Smedes, A. M.,
Principal and Rector, Miss M. E. J. Czarnomska, Lady-Principal,
assisted by the following corps of teachers: Miss M. R. W.
Stubbert, Mrs« M. Iredell, Miss J. A. Yost, Miss A. Fairfax,
Miss Kate McKimmon, Mile. E. de St. Remy, Miss E. H. Smedes,
Miss L. Theodora Hyde, Miss M. F. Slater, Dr. Auguste Ktir-
448 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
steiuer, Miss JN^anette A. Stone, and Miss B. X. Johnston.
Founded in 1842. Closes Easter Term, June 11; annual ser-
mon by Rt. Rev. Bishop Lyman; enrollment 149; graduates 4;
value of buildings $75,000; apparatus $10,000; volumes in
library 4,000; value of improvements this term $12,000. Can
accommodate 75 boarding pupils.
Taylorsville Academy, Alexander county, Prof. H. T.
Burke, Prnicipal, assisted by Messrs. Thomas Morrison and R.
E. Burke, will close May 29th; enrollment 23; eight preparing
for higher course. This is a high school, and is patronized largely
in the winter by ]:»nblic school teachers, during which time it
numbered 60. The principal is the efficiej^t Superintendent of
Public Schools for the county of Alexander.
Thomasville Female College, Davidson county, Messrs.
Reinhart and Stalliugs, Principals, assisted by Prof, Ivan Word-
ragen, Misses Minnie, Kate and Irene Stalliugs and Mrs. E. S.
Davis, closes June 3d, with an address by Rev. X. B. Cobb;
sermon by Rev. W. R. Gwaltney; value of school property
$20,000; 600 volumes in library.
Trenton High School, Jones couuty, Mr. ^y. E, Mew-
borne, Principal, will close May 28th, with an address by X. J.
Rouse, Esq., of Kinston.
Trinity College, Randolpji county. Rev. J. F. Heitman,
acting President, will close June 11th. The annual address will
be delivered by Hon. M. W. Ransom, and the sermon by Rev.
R. A. Young, of Xashville, Tenn.
Troy Male and Female Academy, ]Montgomery county,
Rev. B. G. Marsh, Principal, assisted by Miss Brownie Johnson
and Mr. J. T. Wade, closes May 22d ; enrollment 92; 10 prepar-
ing for a higher course; value of school property $800, of which
$200 has been added during the year. This is the largest school
ever taught in Troy.
Union Academy, Laiubville, Chatham couuty, Prof S. B.
Turreutine (Uni. X. C), Principal, closes May 22d. Rev. A.
W. ]\Iaugum, D. D., of our University, will deliver the literary
address. The enrollment is 100.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 449
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Orange
county, Hon. Kemp P. Battle, LI^, D., President, assisted by a
thoroughly competent faculty. Established in 1789; value of
buildings $250,000; apparatus .f 5,000; volumes in libraries
24,000; improvements during this term $35,000; students
enrolled this term 230 — an increase of 20 per cent, over last
year; number of graduates to date 1,802; closes first Thursday
in June; address by Hon. James W. Reid, of Rockingham ; ser-
mon by Bishop Wilson, of Baltimore. Can accommodate 500
students.
Vine Hill Academy, Scotland Neck, Halifax county, Prof.
E. E. Hilliard (Wake Forest), Principal, assisted by Mr. W. W.
Kitchen (Wake Forest), Miss Lena Smith, Miss Eunice Mc-
Dowell and Mrs. J. A. Perry, closes June 4; address by Rev.
C. W. Byrd; sermon by Rev. L. C. Vass; enrollment males 49,
females 55 — total 104; 10 preparing for higher course; value of
school property $3,000, of which $250 has been added during the
year. We learn that better work has been done in this school
this year than ever before.'
Wake Forest College, Wake county, Rev. C. E. Taylor,
President, commencement June 9th to 11th; enrollment 145; 15
graduates; address by Col. R. F. Armfield; sermon by Rev. F.
M. Ellis, of Baltimore; value of buildings $35,000; apparatus
$5,000; improvements this term $1,000; volumes in libraries
8,500. Can accommodate 300 students.
Warsaw High School, Duplin county, closes May 21st ;
annual address by Rev. J. D. Hufham, D. D.
Warrenton Male Academy, Warren county. Prof. John
E. Dugger (Uni. N. C), A. M., Principal, will close June 12;
enrollment 33; 8 preparing for a higher course; value of school
building $1,500, of which $140 was added during the year.
Weaverville College, Buncombe county. Rev. Daniel
Adkins, Principal, closes June 17th. The annual sermou will
be delivered by Rev. R. N. Price, editor of the Holston Methodist.
The address is by Gov. Z. B. Vance.
3
450 THE NORTH CAROLINA TP:ACHER.
Waynesville High School, Haywood county, Prof. T.
W. Noland (Nashville Normal), Principal, assisted by Mrs. J.
P. Caldwell, Prof. R. H. B. Keeney (Uni. Nashville Tenn.),
and Miss Emma Webb, closes June 12th; enrollment 132, 53
females, 79 males — an increase of 100 per cent; value of school
building $2,500; building and grounds to be improved next
term.
Whitakee's Academy, Halifax county, closes May 29th;
address by Hon. L. C. Latham, of Greenville.
Wilson Graded School, Wilson county. Prof E. C. Bran-
son (Trinity College and Nashville Normal), Superintendent,
assisted by Prof Collier Cobb, Mrs. E. W. Adams, Mrs. W. F.
Mercer, Misses M. A. Hearne, May Barnes, M. F. Herring,
Addie Marsh and Lillie Gay, closes June 21 ; enrollment, 226
females, 174 males — total 400; value of school buildings $7,000 ;
apparatus $600.
Winston Graded School, Forsyth county. Prof. J. L.
Tomlinson (Trinity College), M. A., Principal, assisted by Profs.
C. D. Mclver, j". Y. Jcn^ner, J. F. Jordan, Mrs. S. G. Lewis,
Mrs. W. R. Gales, and Misses Fannie B. Cox, Lnla Martin, Nora
Dodson, Lily Glenn and Annie Bynum, closes May 29 ; enroll-
ment, females 250, males 225 — total 475 ; value of school build-
ings $25,000; apparatus $1,000; volumes in library 500. This
is the first term of this school.
WooDSiDE Academy, Hookerton, Greene county. Miss Ida
E. Edwards, Principal, has an enrollment of 45; value of school
building $300.
Wright's School, Thomasville, Davidson county, Prof. I.
L. Wright, Principal, has an enrollment of 25; four preparing
for a higher course ; value of school building $300, with a small
but neat outfit of apparatus, &c.
Yadkin College, Davidson county. Rev. W. A. Rogers, A.
M., M. D., President, assisted by H. P. Phillips, George S. Wills
and M. H. Rogers, closes June 17th; value of school build-
ings $10,000; apparatus $375; volumes in library 200.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 451
Yadkin Mineral Springs Institute, Stanly county, Prof.
O. C. Hamilton, Principal, closes June 12th; address by Rev.
W. S. Creasy, of Concord. New school building erected during
the year.
Yadkin Mineral Springs Academy, Stanly county. Prof
C. H. Martin, Principal, closes May 13th. The address will be
delivered by Rev. T. H. Pritchard, D. D., of Wilmington.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
BY DR. RICHARD H. LEWIS, KINSTON, N. C.
State Superintendent Finger has placed the study of Physi-
ology and Hygiene in the curriculum of the common schools of
North Carolina.
Every applicant for a certificate after this, must pass an exam-
ination on this subject. How can the teacher learn this subject
in the best and most expeditious manner? We will try to answer
this question.
The best plan, when time is not a matter of consideration and
means are sufficient, is to attend a course of lectures on this sub-
ject at a good medical school. Or, let the teacher attend the lec-
tures of this course at such an institution as Johns Hopkins
University, where the facilities for instruction are ample. Or,
let the seeker after this knowledge attend our "Chautauqua," or
some normal school, where there is a good lecturer on the subject.
Or, cheapest of all, buy a treatise on Physiology and Hygiene
and study for yourself. There are many valuable treatises on
Physiology and Hygiene now published by the great book firms
of the country. Any of them can be had from Raleigh.
Even if the teacher attends the hygienic lectures of a normal
school, a copy of the book should be taken along.
452 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
It is a difficult matter, however, for a lecturer to give satis-
factory instruction in Physiology and Hygiene who has not been
for a long time both a student and teacher of the subject. But,
by some means, the common school teacher must learn this mat-
ter before another school is undertaken.
IMPORTANCE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE.
Our space is too limited to give even a brief outline of the
great need of this knowledge. A slight acquaintance even with
the nature of digestion, its limits and methods of work, might
have saved the lives of many young students who spent their
college nights in riotous living. Many who did not die early
from night suppers, have lived as invalids.
It teaches us the when, where, how and why as to our eating,
sleeping and dressing, and exercise. It gives an insight into the
mysteries of that grandest of all mechanisms — the human body.
It gives us an op"portunity of seeing how beautifully God has
arranged his last and best creation — the human body, for the
attainment of all its objects. And at the end of our study, we
are reminded by Holy Writ that this body is a '' temple for the
indwelling of the Holy Spirit," that we must not profane it, and
that we are responsible for its safe-keeping.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
"NORTH CaROLINU TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY."
BY A CHAUTAUQUAN.
Place your thumb on one nostril, your forefinger on the other
and press them closely together, and then drawl out this harmo-
nious heading. Then say how it strikes your ears, gentle reader.
I, for one, positively refuse to admit that I am a member of any
such body. He who says "there is nothing in a name," speaks
falsely. I contend there is much in a name, always was and
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER, 453
always will be. We often receive pleasant or unpleasant impres-
sions of a person or thing we have never seen, from the name by
which we hear it mentioned. The four words ^vhich 4iead this
article, suggest all sorts of dry, hackneyed themes, long faces,
old-fashioned books and styles of teaching.
And how diiferent is the delightful gathering of North Caro-
lina teachers, to which we look forward so pleasantly ! But there
is nothing ne\v in the name, nothing spicy, nothing interesting,
nothing joyful, nothing that anybody wants to hear about. It
uiakes some people sleepy to hear even the name of "Assembly,"
and I, for one, cannot consent to have our joyous meeting so
called. Why, "N. C. T. A." is preferable to the whole thing in
full, for that might provoke inquiry; and then if the inquired of
person should be "wide-awake," he might, by a little tact, just
describe the beautiful surroundings of a body of teachers who
met in one of the flowery spots of this earthly vineyard last
year; and bring in the name gradually during the conversation,
so as not to frighten away the inquiring mind by the startling
sound which "North Carolina Teachers' Assembly," well drawn
out, most invariably produces.
"CHAUTAUQUA."
How sweet to our ears ! How dear are the memories ! This
word suggests everything opposite to the above-mentioned appel-
lation, and is what our teachers, who went to Waynesville last
summer, knew they were going to. Yes, "Going to the Chau-
tauqua." was the phrase with which the air was redolent, as our
labors in the school-room approached their close; and the name
attracted every ear that it fell upon. There is music in the
word "Chautauqua," there is poetry in the sound, softness, melody,
and nothing could ever be associated with this name (taken
simply as a name) that is not suggestive of
" Sugar and spice and everj'thins; nice."
Think of Chautauqua county in New York, and of the mag-
nificent range of mountains, by the same name, passing through
454 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
the country; and think, too, of the nearly level surface between
this riclge and the beautiful sheet of water in the centre of the
county, known as Oiautauqua Lake. Iron ore, marble and sulphur
springs are found in several places.
The county is traversed by the Erie, the Atlantic and Great
Western, the Lake Shore, the Buffalo, Corry and Pittsburg, and
the Dunkirk, Warren and Pittsburg railroads. All this is sug-
gested by only a name — Chautauqua. And again, the name sug-
gests thousands of bushels of wheat, Indian corn, barley, oats
and potatoes; again, thousands of tons of hay, pounds of cheese,
of butter and maple sugar ; again, horses, cows and sheep ; again,
manufactories of agricultural implements, carriages, saddles and
harness, furniture, saw-mills, flour-mills, tanneries, breweries,
pianos, &c., &c. ; all of which are to be found in Chautauqua
county, New York. And things just as good and just as useful
are to be found at "" The Chautauqua" in our dear old State. The
name "Chautauqua" is a corruption of an Indian phrase, signi-
fying "foggy place," and was given in consequence of the fre-
quent mists rising from the lake. Please let's go to "The Chau-
tauqua" this year, and every year, and enjoy all the delights of
which the name, as applied to a wide-awake body of North Caro-
lina teach ers3 suggests.
It concerns us little to know the lineage of kings and queens,
the intrigues of courts, or the plans of campaigns ; but it would
interest us much to be told how people in past times built their
houses, worked their fields, or educated their children ; what style
of dress they wore, what kind of food they ate, what books they
read. Let the customs, manners, and doings of by-gone people —
life's quiet ongoings, as well as its comedies and tragedies — be
vividly described, and history will become a favorite study. —
Wickersham.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 455
OUR UNIYERSITY AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
BY JUDGE A. D. MURPHY.
[Archibald DeBow INIuephy (after whom our toAvn of that
name is called) was a native of Caswell county, where he was
born in 1777. He was prepared for college in the school of Rev.
Dr. David Caldwell, of Guilford county — there being at that
date only three schools in Xorth Carolina in which the rudiments
of a classical education could be acquired. Judge jNIurphy grad-
uated at our University with the highest honors in 1799, and
was at once appointed to the professorship of Ancient Languages
in his alma mater, which position he held for three years. He
afterwards read law, and became probably the foremost jurist,
legislator and statesman of his day in our State. While he fully ,
realized and urged the importance of internal improvements —
making our large streams navigable, constructing turnpikes and
macadamizing our roads, digging canals, and building up com-
mercial cities in our State, he was also fully alive to the necessity
and importance of a .sy.stem of education, embracing primary
schools, academies, and fostering the University and greatly
enlarging its accommodations and course of instruction, and the
establishment of an asylum for the deaf and dumb.]
In a report to the Legislature of 1817, comprehending these
subjects, he said
FOR the UNIVERSITY:
" When the pride of the State is awakening and an honorable
ambition is cherished for her glory, an appeal is made to the
patriotism and generous feelings of the Legislature in favor of
an institution, which in all civilized nations has been regarded
as the nursery of moral greatness and the palladium of civil lib-
erty. That people who cultivate the sciences and the arts with
most success, acquire a most enviable superiority over others.
Learned men bv their discussions and works, aive a lasting:
456 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
splendor to national character, and such is the enthusiasm of
man that tliere is not an individual, however humble in life his
lot may be, who does not feel proud to belong to a country hon-
ored with great men and magnificent institutions. It is due to
North Carolina, it is due to the great men who first proposed the
foundation of the University, to foster it with parental fondness,
and to give it an importance commensurate with the high desti-
nies of the State."
NECESSITY OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Of the necessity of public instruction for poor children, he
said :
''Such has always been and probably always will be the allot-
ment of human life, that the poor will form a large portion of every
community ; and it is the duty of those who manage the affairs
of a State to extend relief to the unfortunate part of our species
in every way iq their power. Providence in the imperial distri-
bution of its favors, whilst it has denied to the poor many of
the comforts of life, has generally bestowed ujdou them the
blessing of intelligent children. Poverty is the school of genius ;
it is a school in which the active powers of man are developed
and disciplined, and in which that moral courage is acquired
which enables him to toil with difficulties, privations and want.
From this school generally come forth tliose men who act the
prijicipal parts upon the theatre of life — men who impress a
character upon the age in which they live. But it is a school,
which if left to itself, runs wild — vice in all its depraved forms
grow up in it. The State should take this school under her
special charge, and nurturing the genius which there grows in
rich luxuriajice, give to it an honorable and profitable direction.
Poor children are the peculiar property of the State, and by
proper cultivation, they will constitute a fund of intellectual and
moral worth, which will greatly subserve the public interest."
Is YOUR dress a model of neatness and taste for your pupils?
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 457
EDUCSTIONSL NOTES.
The Bladen Bulletin, published at Elizabethtowu, calls for a
good school at that town.
Prof. Moses has declined to accept the superintendency of
the Asheville Normal, and will assist Prof. Noble at Newton.
The proposition to raise a tax for the support of a graded
school at Smithfield was voted' down on the 4th of May. Too
bad !
Concord, Cabarrus county, voted on the 4th of May m favor
of the establishment of a graded school for the white children of
that town.
Davidson County Teachers' Institute will be held in
July. Mr. E. E. Raper issues a timely appeal to the teachers of
the county to attend.
The Trustees of Davidson College will in June next
elect a President of the College, and a Professor of Natural Phi-
losophy and Astronomy.
Prof. Groff, of Pennsylvania, has been selected as Superin-
tendent of the Franklin (Macon county) Normal School. The
names of the other instructors are not yet reported.
There is a good chance for a young, energetic teacher to
build up a good school at Bethany Church, near Statesville. Mr.
John T. Paris, who has been teaching there, will enter college
next term.
Memorial Hall at our University was occupied for the
first time April 22d, the occasion being the Senior speaking for
the term. The hall is an honor to the State and the pride of
every true friend of the University.
The graduating class of Salem Female Academy, twenty-
four in number, have received their Senior badges — a gold cres-
cent, with the monogram "S. F. A." within the ha If- circle. On
the crescent is euo;raved "Class 1885."
458 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Greene County Teachers' Association was organized
May 2, at Snow Hill. Mr. J. E. Grimsley, County Superinten-
dent of Public Instruction, was made chairman, and Mr. E. W.
Wilcox of the Snow Hill Academy, secretary.
Durham, the great tobacco mart of the South, v(jted adversely
on the proposition to issue bonds to erect graded school build-
ings. This is to be regretted, and we cannot believe that our
progressive neighbors really mean to have no building.
Greene County Teachers' Institute will begin June 8th.
Mr. John E. Grimsley, in publishing time of opening, gives
notice that " those teachers who do not attend will not be granted
a certificate to teach in the public schools of the county."
The action of the Legislature in detaching a portion of
Edgecombe county may cause the Rocky Mount Graded School
to suspend. We regret to hear this, as it has been a very useful
school, and its suspension will cause serious inconvenience to the
good people there.
The Rockingham County Institute for white teachers
will be held in Wentworth, commencing Monday, July 6, 1885.
The Colored Institute will be held in Leaksville, commencing
Monday, August 10, 1885. Teachers are required by law to
attend these institutes, and should therefore make their arrange-
ments to that end.
The trustees of the Male and Female Institute at Green-
ville, Pitt county, have just completed a handsome and commo-
dious building, admirably adapted to school purposes, and wish
a first-class teacher and manager to open the school September 1,
1885. Liberal compensation will be guaranteed, and those desir-
ing the place are requested to forward applications, with testimo-
nials, before June 15. Address Alfred Forbes, Greenville, N, C.
The Winston Normal School will open June 23 and
close July 16. Prof. J. L. Tomlinson, Superintendent; Prof.
Chas. D. Mclver, Secretary. The instructors will include Prof.
T. J. Mitchell, Charlotte, N. C; Prof. J. H. Myers, New York;
Prof. Robert Houston, a distinguished elocutionist, of New York ;
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 459
Prof. B. C. Uuseld, instructor in music, New York. Miss Fan-
nie B. Cox, of Winston Graded School, will have charge of
Model Primary Class.
The Elizabeth City Normal \v\\\ open July 6, with Prof.
S. L. Sheep, Principal of Elizabeth City Academy, as Superin-
tendent. INlrs. Mahoney has been engaged as primary teacher, and
Professor Neff, of Philadelphia, as teacher of elocution. Arrange-
ments are in progress to secure the services of Prof. Balliet, of
Normal Park, 111., as principal lecturer, also Prof. A. N. Roach,
of Penu. Daily lectures on physiology will be delivered in
order that the teachers may be prepared for their fall examina-
tions.
Prof. E. W. Kennedy (Nashville Normal College), Super-
intendent of the Durham Graded School, has been appointed
Superintendent of the Washington (Beaufort county) Normal
School. The selection of assistants and date of opening have
not yet been agreed upon. The State appropriation has been
supplemented by private subscription, and we are pleased to learn
from Mr. E. S. Hoyt, the Secretary of the Board of Directors,
that every effort is being put forth to make this new normal a
success.
The Colored State Normal at Fayetteville, Prof. E. E.
Smith, Principal, assisted by George H. Williams and Miss Lib-
bie Leary, will close June 25. This school was never so largely
attended as at present, and numbers 51 females and 73 males, a
total of 124, Its school building is valued at $2,500; apparatus
S300; volumes in library 563. Eight will graduate this year,
while 23 are preparing for a higher course. The address at the
close will be delivered by J. C. Dancy, Esq., of Tarboro, and
the sermon by Pev. J. O. Crosby, Principal of the Salisbury
Colored Graded School.
The Boone Normal School, Watauga county, bids fair to
be one of the most successful ever held in W^estern North Caro-
lina. Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Superintendent, will be assisted
by Capt. John Duckett, Principal of Hamilton Institute, Martin
460 THE NORTH CAROLIXA TEACHER.
county; Mr. J. T. Spainhoiir, of Wake Forest College; Mr. A.
H. Eller, of Chapel Hill; Miss Maggie McDowell, of the Ral-
eigh Centennial Graded School; and Miss Lucy Jurney (Daven-
}X)rt College), Principal of Mooresville Female Academy, Iredell
county. This is a most able faculty, and we venture the hope
that every teacher in North-western Carolina will attend this
school, which opens July 8.
The Asheville Normal School will open July 1st and
close July 31st. Prof. Frank M. Smith, of Jackson, Tennessee,
has been selected as Superintendent, and will be assisted by Prof.
B. E. Atkins, of Asheville Female College, Miss Olivia Millard,
of Goldsboro Graded School, and Miss Mollie Goodloe, of Ashe-
ville High School. Prof. Chas. L. Wilson, of Marshall Insti-
tute, has been engaged as teacher of vocal music. Prof. Smith
was Superintendent of the Franklin (Macon county) Normal
in 1883, and is well up in modern methods; and those teachers
who attend this ^normal in the "Land of the Sky" will have a
delightful and profitable session.
The Wilson Normal School promises to be in every way
a successful one. Prof. Branson, the Superintendent, will be ably
assisted by the following eminent educators: Prof. Price Thomas,
Superintendent of New Bern Graded School, Numbers and Object
Teaching; Prof. Collier Cobb, of the Wilson Graded School, Map
Drawing, Sand and Putty Moulding and Physical Sciences; Prof.
P. P. Claxton, formerly Superintendent of Kinstou Graded School,
Reading and Physiology ; Prof. Robert Houston, of New York,
Elocution ; Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, of Charleston College, course
of lectures. History and English Literature; Prof. L. E. Quiun,
of Charlotte Graded School, Physiology and Orthography; Prof.
A. P. Southwick, of Maryland, Methodology; Miss Jane E.
Ward, Calisthenics; Mrs. E. W. Adams, Wilson Graded School,
Model Primary. The other departments will be filled at once.
The session will last three weeks, beginning June 20th. Circu-
lars giving full particulars will be issued soon. Lectures are
expected from State Superintendent Finger, President Battle of
the University, Dr. Pritehard, and others.
IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM.
INTEGRITY flS THE BSSIS OF CHSRflCTER.
BY HON. WM. GASTON OF CRAVEN COUNTY, N. C.
[for declamation.]
The first great maxim of human conduct, that which it is all-
importaut to impress on the understandings of young men, and
recommend to their hearty adoption, is — above all things, in all
circumstances, and under every emergency — to preserve a clean
heart and an honest purpose. Integrity, firm, determined integ-
rity, is that quality which, of all others, raises man to the highest
dignity of his nature, and fits him to adorn and bless the sphere
in which he is appointed to move. Without it, neither genius
nor learning, neither the gifts of God, nor human exertions can
avail aught for the accomplishment of the great objects of human
existence. Integrity is the crowning virtue — integrity is the
pervading principle which ought to regulate, guide, control and
vivify every impulse, desire and action. Honesty is sometimes
spoken of as a vulgar virtue ; and, perhaps, that honesty which
barely refrains from outraging the positive rules ordained by
society for the protection of property, and which ordinarily pays
its debts and performs its engagements, however useful and com-
mendable a quality, is not to be numbered among the highest
efforts of human virtue. But that integrity which, however
tempting the opportunity, or however sure against detection, no
selfishness nor resentment, no lust of power, place, profit or pleas-
ure, can cause to swerve from the strict rule of right, is the per-
fection of man's moral nature. In this sense the Doet was right
when he pronounced
"An honest man tlie noblest work of God."
It is almost inconceivable what an erect and independent smri^
this high endowment communicates to the man, and what *-
462 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
nioi^al intrepidity and vivifying energy it imparts to his charac-
ter. There is a family alliance between all the virtues, and per-
fect integrity is always followed by a train of goodly qualities,
frankness, benevolence, humanity, patriotism, promptness to act
and patience to endure. In moments of public need, these indi-
cate the man who is worthy of universal confidence.
Erected on such a basis, and built up of such materials, fame
is enduring. Such is the fame of our Washington, of the
man " inflexible to ill and obstinately just." While, therefore,
other monuments intended to perpetuate human greatness are
daily mouldering into dust, and belie the proud inscriptions
which they bear, the solid granite pyramid of his glory lasts
from age to age, imperishable — seen afar off — looming high over
the vast desert — a mark, a sign and a wonder for the way-farers
through the pilgrimage of life.
REMEMBER THIS.
If you're told to do a thiug.
And mean to do it really;
Never let it be by halves;
Do it fully, freely !
Do not make a poor excuse.
Waiting, weak, unsteady;
All obedience worth the name,
Must be prompt and ready.
If a task is once begun.
Never leave it till it's done;
Be the labor great or small,
Do it well, or not at all.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 463
THE GEOGRAPHY CLISS. .
The following literal translations of geographical names may
be used to awaken an interest in the places named : Amazon,
''boat destroyer;" Azores, "a hawk;" Berlin, "uncultivated
land;" Bosphorus, "an ox crossing;" Bucharest, "city of joy;"
Cadiz, "shut in;" Calcutta, "a temple;" Canada, "a collection of
huts ;" Ceylon, " island of the lions ;" Chautauqua, " foggy place ;"
Chili, "land of snow;" China, "middle nation;" Cireassia,
"where heads are chopped ofP;" Danube, "deep valley," Eng-
land, "land of the Angles;" Erie, "wild cat;" Ethiopia, "where
one is burned black;" Finisterre, "the end of land;" Gauges,
"great river;" Havre, "a harbor;" Ireland, "the western isle;"
Isle of Man, "isle of stone;" Jamaica, "a country of springs;"
Jutland, "land of giants;" Lena, "a sluggard;" Lyons, "hill of
the raven ;" Manhattan, " the town on the island,;" Niagara,
"neck of water;" Nova Scotia, "new Scotland;" Orkneys, "isle
of whales;" Ostend, "east-end;" Palestine, "land of wanderers;"
Patagonia, "big-footed;" Piedmont, "foot of the mountain;"
Poland, "flat land;" Quebec, "take care of the rock;" Santa
Cruz, "holy cross;" Tallahassee, "old town;" Wheeling, "place
of a head ;" Yucatan, " what do you say ?" — School Journal.
R WHILE BONE.
Halifax county contains a most remarkable bone. Three miles
from Enfield, and one hundred yards above the railroad bridge
as you go South, is a bone over one hundred feet in length.
It is the backbone of a whale. It is now under the water, but
seventy-five years or more since, as we learned a quarter of a
century ago from an old citizen, Mr. Hunter, it was above the
waters of Fishing Creek, and when a boy, Mr. Hunter used to
walk the bone as he would a log on his way to school. The bed
464 THE NOETH CAROLINA TEACHER.
of the stream in the course of decades has filled up, and now the
water is a foot or more above the bone. Ninety feet of the bone
are exposed, and Pi-of. Kerr thought from its conformation that
probably thirty feet were in either bank. When State Geolo-
gist, he procured one articulation or joint, and it is now in the
State Museum at Raleigh. It is at least one hundred miles to
the sea-shore from where this bone lies. This shows that the
ocean once covered all that country. There was another part of
a whale (the under-jaw bone) found a mile from Halifax, and
some sixty feet below the surface in a deep ravine. It was exca-
vated and taken to the State Museum by Prof. Kerr. The two
bones were about fourteen miles apart. — Wilmington Star.
R SMSRT BOY.
I'm glad I've got a good -sized slate.
With lots of room to calculate.
Bring on your sums ! I'm ready now ;
My slate is clean, and I know how.
But don't you ask me to subtract,
I like to have my slate well packed ;
And only two long rows you know,
Make such a miserable show ;
And please don't bring me sums to add ;
Well, midtiplying's just as bad ;
And, say ! I'd rather not divide —
Bring me something I haven't tried !
— St. Xicholas.
Plant lilies, and lilies will bloom;
Plant roses, and roses will grow;
Plant hate, and hate to life will spring;
Plant love, and love to you will bring
The fruit of the seed you sow.
NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY.
[For the North Carolina Teacher.]
OBJECTS OF INTEREST IN OUR MOUNTAINS.
A FEW SUGGESTIONS TO THE TEACHERS ATTENDING THE
ASSEMBLY AT BLACK MOUNTAIN.
BY PRQF. JOSEPH A. HOLMES, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
I take for granted the truth of the following: Views and
studie.s of jN^ature herself are far better than views and studies of
Nature as seen in books.
Every teacher visiting the Assembly will desire and expect to
learn something of the mountain country. Such information, if
it is worth gaining at all, is worth gaining thoroughly; so that
it may not only be a source of pleasure and benefit to the teacher
as an individual, but may aid the teacher in awakening an inter-
est in all such matters among pupils. The majority of us see
very few things beyond those for which we look. We fail to see
many a one of nature's beauties by failing to look for it, not
knowing what to look for, or where to look.
In one short paper it would be irapos.sible even to name all the
objects of interest to be found in our mountains; and at present
I will call attention to only a few of them by way of suggestion.
But, before doing this, let me say that every one should be pro-
vided with a good map of North Carolina before starting from
home; and' every party going on the top of mountains should be
provided with a small pocket compass for determining the rela-
tive position of different mountain peaks. The map should not
be packed away at the bottom of a "Jumbo" trunk, but should
be frequently examined during the journey and while in the
466 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
mountain region. For showing the positions of the principal
mouiitain ridges, cross-ridges and. peaks — in a word, as a help in
understanding the mountain country — I regard one week among
the mountains with Kerr's State Map, or Shaffer's Map, as equiv-
alent to many months without such a map. In my own moun-
tain trips I regard my copy of Kerr's map as simply indispen-
sable.
While en route for Black Mountain, as worthy of observation,
I will mention (1) the gradual change in the character of the
surface of the country, from the sandy lowlands of the eastern
section, through the undulating country of the middle section, the
hilly Piedmont region, among the eastern spurs of the mountains,
until through valley and gorge the summit of the Blue Ridge
itself is reached ; and (2) the gradual change in the vegetation of
the country along the line of route. (It is to be regretted that a
portion of the route must be passed over during the night).
And, then, among the mountains themselves in this "Land of
the Sky," here, surely, every one must look for himself The
visitor, as he wanders about in the ravines on the south-eastern
slope of the Black Mountain, will see trees and shrubs and flow-
ers very different from those of his eastern home — the rhododen-
drons (laurel), the azaleas (honeysuckle), the kalmias (ivy) — here
in all their glory. As he ascends the mountain he will again
observe the changes in the character of the vegetation (about
which he -read in his geography many years ago — and- about
which he can tell his pupils, with much better eiFect, as seen by
his own eyes) until reaching the top, he will find dwarfed plants,
very different from those seen at the base — perhaps very different
from any he has ever seen before. The characters of the rocks,
too, will attract his attention — standing out here and there as
immense bluffs and masses of bare rock cracked and seamed in
various directions, at other places covered over by a layer of
soil many feet deep, overgrown by forest trees of large size.
Close examination will show the observer that all this soil on the
mountain sides was, itself, at one time, hard, solid rock — decayed
into soil through long periods of time.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 467
The cold mouutain ^^priugs (never on top of the mountain,
though often near the top), the ravines which lead from them
down the side of the mountain — woi'u out by the action of water —
and lower down the mountain brooks, will aiford many an hour
of pleasure to those who seek it. Those who examine carefully
will find that near the upper end of the brook or ravine (near the
spring) the fragments of rock in the brook are generally rough,
with sharp edges, whereas in the streams near the base of the
mountain the pebbles are smooth and rounded. The explanation
of the cause of this difference readily suggests itself. (A sharp-
edged fragment from near the top, and a rounded pebble from the
stream below, shown to a pupil in a distant school would make a
long story short). And why is the water of these mouutain
brooks so clear? why not muddy? is it always clear?
Before leaving these beautiful mountain streams let the visitor
observe that the rocks in the bed of the streams are also smooth —
worn smooth by the sand and pebbles washed over them by the
running water. Observe further, that these streams frequently
run along in deep ravines — ravines worn out and cut down grad-
ually by the action of the water of these very streams. And
when this work, on a small scale, is understood, the visitor stand-
ing on the top of the Black, is the better prepared to believe the
statement — which I believe to be true — that the region of coun-
try which surrounds him was once an extensive elevated plateau;
now it is carved out into valleys, ravines, and river gorges; the
peaks on which he stands, aud others'about him, are the remnants
of the former plateau; the atmosphere (decomposing the rocks)
and running water (washing away the decomposed materials) are
the tools that have carved on so grand a scale.
In conclusion, let me urge every teacher who' visits Black
Mouutain to avail herself or himself of any opportunity to visit
Nantahalah on the Ducktown branch of the "Western North
Carolina Railroad." It is along this line that one views that
.splendid scenery "between the Blue Ridge and the Smokies.^'
468 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER.
Our Secretary has just returned from a trip to Black
Mountain. He found everything rapidly approaching comple-
tion, and is sure that all will be in readiness for our session. An
elegant piano has been secured for the Assembly room, in addi-
tion to the nice oue which is in the parlor. There will be a good
supply of horses, safe and gentle, for mountain climbing, and
plenty of light vehicles for pleasure driving. Special low rates
of hire have been secured for teachers, and all can aiford the
joys of frequent trips over the mountains. In packing your
trunk don't forget to put in one or two of your woolen dresses,
your rubbers and heaviest shoes, "hack hat," gossamer and
umbrella, as you will have occasion to use these things in visit-
ing Mount Mitchell or other high peaks.
As THIS IS the last time we can say anything to you through
the pages of the Teacher before the Assembly meets, we hope
you will pardon our again reminding you of some important
things in regard to your trip. 1st. You can buy the Assembly
tickets for the trains only of the 9th and 16th of June, and if
you want the reduced fare you must go on one of those two days.
2d. Require the agent at your starting point to check your bag-
gage through to Black Mountain; don't let him refuse to do this,
for the railroads have contracted to have it done. 3d. Do not
change or leave your car after leaving Goldsboro or after con-
necting from other lines Avith any point on the North Carolina
Railroad above Goldsboro. 4th. The train reaches Black Moun-
tain about 8 o'clock a. m., and breakfast will be waiting for you,
so you need not take breakfast at the Round Knob eating-house.
Keeping these things in mind will add much to your comfort
during the trip.
A GOOD NUMBER of leading educators from other States have
signified by letter an intention of attending the Assembly, and
much valuable instruction will be derived from their lectures and
conversation. Among the number will be Prof. J. H. Worman,
author of many of our popular text-books upon Latin, French,
Spanish, and German. He is now President of the University
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHEK.
469
of Tennessee. Dr, Edward E. Sheih, President of the State
Normal Sehool of Louisiana, will spend two or three days with
lis. He is one of the livest and most successful institute con-
ductors in the South, and will give an impetus to our work.
Prof. A. P. South wick, Superintendent of schools at Ellicott
City, Maryland, and author of a favorite series of text-books on
English Literature, and several teachers' "Quiz Books," will
give a lecture upon his specialty, which will be greatly enjoyed.
Dr. Van Daell, of Philadelphia, who is a most wonderful teacher
of the " Sauveur " or " Natural Method of Modern Languages,"
will give a thorough insight into this quick and successful plan of
teaching and learning foreign languages. This Avill be a very
valuable feature of our work, and will be appreciated by all.
Prof. S. G. Boyd, of York, Pa., an eminent institute conductor,
will deliver, on the 24th, a very entertaining lecture on "Local
Names." The enthusiastic work of Profs. Parker and Little
will create a like enthusiasm amono; our teachers.
MEMBERS OF USSEMBLY-CONTINUED.
Miss Myrtie L. Watson, Hamilton.
Charles L. Wilson, Marshall.
Miss M. F. Skinner, Edenton.
Miss Annie B. Scales, Greensboro.
Miss Rosa A. Harris Louisburg.
Miss Cora Carr, Gastouia.
Miss Annie L. Rhj'ne, Hickory.
W. B. Mcllwaine, Pleasant Grove.
Miss Mae;oolia Rice, Windsor.
W. M. Lang, Farmville.
Rev. W. R. Atkinson, Charlotte.
Miss Maria Paton, Pittsboro.
Miss M. M. Martin, Sandv Ridge.
H. T. Burke, Taylorsville. .
Miss Clara W^hitaker, Enlield.
Mrs. S. R. Dixou, Snow Hill.
Miss Clara E. Dixon, Snow Hill.
Miss Lula Whitley, Snow Hill.
J. C. Dixon, Snow Hill.
Mrs. J. C. Dixon, Snow Hill.
Miss Gertrude Hooker, Hookerton.
Miss B. Armtield, Laurinburg.
Miss Nettie Haughton, Pittsboro.
Miss Mattie Haughton, Pittsboi'o.
Miss Cornie Chapman, Kinston.
Miss Martha Tyson, Gastoria.
D. F. Sinclair, Pollocksville.
Miss Emily Capehart, Tarboro.
J. B. Green, Dutchville.
Miss Pattie Lawrence, Raleigh.
Miss Lizzie A. White, Belvidere.
Miss Etta O. Alsbrook, Scotland Neck.
Miss Bettie Clarke, Halifax.
Prof, J. H. Worman, Nashville, Tenn.
Prof. A. P. Southwick, Baltimore, Md.
Samuel C. Smith, Greensboro.
D. V. Dixon, Hookerton.
Miss Sudie Patrick, Hookerton.
F. M. Davis, Farmville.
Miss M. F. Herring, Wilson.
Edgar Gay, Wilson.
Miss Fanuie Brodie, Henderson.
R. L. Ryburn, Little River Academy.
Judge Thos. S. Ashe, Wadesboro.
Miss Julia Creech, Raleigh.
Miss Katie Fuller, Raleigh.
J. M. Anderson, Pleasant Grove.
J. A. Stewart, Keelsville.
Edward F. Wakefield, Lenoir.
J. A. Hadley, Beston.
A. G. Kirkpatrick, Charlotte.
Miss Mamie W. Caldwell, Greensboro.
EDITORIAL.
S CONTRSST-PROGRESS IN EDUCSTION,
The late Judge Murphy stated as a fact that at. the time he was
preparing for college there were in North Carolina only three
schools where even the rudiments of a classical education could
be acquired. Behold the contrast:
1. In this issue of The Teacher we present the names of
over one hundred high schools and seminaries teaching the
classics; and probably not more than half have been reported to
us;
2. On the first Monday iu June, .1885, there will assemble in
every county of the State the representatives of the people to
select boards of education to supervise the public schools of the
State;
3. During the same month there will be dedicated at our Uni-
versity one building, the Memorial Hall, costing nearly §40,000;
4. During the same mouth the trustees of our University
meet to elect seven new professors to be added to the already
large and able faculty of that veuerable institution ;
5. During the same month there will be a grand gathering of
the leading teachers of the State at Black jNIountain for perfect-
ing themselves in modern methods of teaching, and where emi-
nent educators from all parts of the country are expected to aid
them iu their laudable efforts at improvement;
6. During the same mouth there will be opened in various
parts of North Carolina thirteen State Normal Schools, where
teachers will be instructed at the expense of the State for greater
efficiency in their work ;
7. We find public schools established in every district of every
township of the State, at the expense of the State, and every
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 471
eifort possible beiug made to secure teachers of a higher grade of
scliolarship; over six thousand of these schools being in session
last year, with an attendance of nearly three hundred thousand
children ;
8. We find graded schools in most of our leading towns, sup-
ported by special taxes, well equipped and doing noble work in
the great cause of education ;
9. We find high schools and seminaries and colleges in almost
every county, which would reflect credit on any State ;
10. We find that our colored populatioi], just two decades out
of slavery, not content with the liberal appropriations made by
the State for the education of their children, are establishing
large colleges, high schools and seminaries, and already own pri-
vate school property in North Carolina worth over half a million
of dollars; «
We find the Legislature making ample appropriations for the
support of our University; we find Wake Forest College with
an endowment'of over $100,000, with new buildings and appa-
ratus, and 24,000 volumes in its library ; we find Trinity College
and Davidson College moving in the matter of endowment; we
find Bingham's great Military School, the Horners' Schools, Yad-
kin College, Xorth Carolina College, Rutherford College, Kins-
ton College, Davis' School, and other leading institutions for boys
moving onward in prosperity; while our great schools for girls
at Peace Institute and St. Mary's, Murfreesboro, Greensboro,
Salem, Statesville, Oxford, Thomasville, Hillsboro, Charlotte,
Asheville, Hendersonville, Shelby and Clinton are equal to any
in the country, and well patronized. These things prove that
North Carolina is setting out on a grand educational career.
We WANT a good agent for The Teacher at each normal
school in the State. We will pay good commissions to any
teacher, either male or female, who will canvass thoroughly, and
they cau make their profits pay the entire expense of the stay at
the normal school. Let us hear from you at once.
472 THE NOETH CAEOLINA TEACHER.
We suggest to onr instructors that tlie words of Judge Mer-
rimon in the April number, and Judges Murphy and Gaston in
this number of The Teacher, are well ^Yorthy of attention when
selecting pieces for declamation in their schools. Would not a
greater familiarity with the great thoughts of our great men be a
means of developing a laudable State pride in the rising genera-
tion ?
We expect in future numbers of The Teacher to repro-
duce abstracts from the writings and addresses of eminent North
Carolinians, living and dead, that our teachers and pupils may
become better acquainted with the men who have shaped the des-
tiny of our State. As a North Carolinian, we feel that the
noble thoughts and brave deeds of our noted men should be
known and declaimed in all our schools.
It was our great pleasure to visit, a few days ago, the Wins-
ton Graded School. We expected to find a very handsome school
building, but our surprise and gratification far exceeded the
anticipation. No description can fully convey an idea of the
elegant building, so well planned, so beautifully furnished and so
complete in all its appointments. We came away more proud
than ever of our progressive neighbors, Winston and Salem, their
excellent Superintendent, Prof. Tomlinson, and his associates, but
oh, how we envied them their splendid graded school !
An article in this issue of The Teacher from one of our
correspondents very strongly advocates changing the name of
"Teachers' Assembly" to" Chautauqua." This is a matter for
the consideration of the teachers at their coming session. If an
imported name is not desirable, we can easily find some musical
Indian name Avithiu our own State which would be acceptable to
all. We certainly cannot be at a loss for a pleasant name while
we have in our borders ''Swannanoa," "Nonah," "Saluda,"
"Watauga," "Nantahalah," "Ocona," " Cataloochee," "Juna-
luska," "Tomatola," "Hiawassee," "Tusquitee," "Sonoma,"
" Tuscola," and hosts of other words equally as pi'etty and
appropriate.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 473
The SCHOOLS of Raleigh have awakened to new usefulness
and efficiency. The new school board is giving much time and
work to all the details of our system and their efforts will cer-
tainly result in placing our schools in the front rauk among the
most successful ones of the State. The city has just voted
$25,000 for improving the graded school property for the whites,
and the design of the new buikling is a model of beauty, safety,
neatness and convenience. Work on the new building will be
begun at an early day, and will be completed by the fall.
The Teacher has now ended its work of this school year,
and will take its annual two mouths summer vacation. Ten
numbers of The Teacher comprise a year's issue, but we give
this extra number for May, as we wanted to have "just one more
word with you" before you left the school-room. We thank you
most heartily for the many kind words and liberal support which
you have given to The Teacher and its efforts for adv^ance-
meut all along the educational line, and we are proud of the suc-
cess which has attended your work and ours. We wish you a
most pleasant and profitable vacation, and hope to meet each oije
of you during the summer and both give and receive a hearty
"hand-shake" of friendly co-operation in behalf of our State,
her children and her schools. The Teacher will again greet
you in August, and during the brief vacation it will not forget
you, but be faithfully trying to guard your interests and those of
the five hundred, thousand children belonging to North Carolina
schools. We hope, also, that you will remember The Teacher
during the holiday; if its monthly visits have been pleasant and
helpful to you in your school work, will you kindly induce some
friend to become a reader during the coming year?
Now for a holiday ! The work of the school-room is ending,
the vacation is upon us, and the tired teacher feels in need of the
rest which is coming. But while we are resting, let us not be
idle. There is important work to be done for the children, and
the vacation is the best time for doing it. We know the pupils
have had good and faithful work from the teachers during
the term just closing, but the progressive teacher wants to give
474 THE NORTH CAEOLINA TP:ACHER,
better work next term, and active preparation must be made for
this during the summer vacation. This preparation is to be
made by study and work; by mingling with other live teachers
and getting new ideas; by listening to educational leaders
at the normal schools and the Teachers' Assembly; by attending
the county institute and aiding the county superintendent in the
work of stimulating county effort and county pride to the point
of having none but the best schools and the best teachers. If
you are living within a hundred miles of the normal school at
Asheville, Boone, Elizabeth City, Franklin, Newton, Washings
ton, Wilson or Winston let nothing except sickness prevent yonr
being there, and also try to attend the Teachers' Assembly at
Black Mountain, if possible. These trips will cost you" but a
trifle, while the iuforraation gained will be of very great value to
you. Besides, the mountain visit will give new strength to both
tired body and tired mind, while the contagion of Colonel Par-
ker's enthusiastic devotion to teaching will certainly benefit every
teacher who hears him. Let us now go with energy and resolu-
tion to the work of preparation. Xorth Carolina is pleased with
the faithfulness and earnestness of her teachers, but she expects
even better work during the coming school year, and now let
each teacher, school officer and friend of education say, "My
State shall not be disappointed in me."
Just as we go to press, we are notified that the Commission-
ers of our Raleigh City Schools have elected Prof. E. P. Moses
Superintendent of the Raleigh Graded Schools. This is a most
excellent selection. Our space only allows us to say that Prof.
Moses is a graduate of the Nashville (Tenn.) Normal College, and
has been for several years the efficient Principal of the Goldsboro
Graded School, making it one of the best to be found in the
South. He became also well and favorably known to our people
by his admirable and successful management as Superintendent
of the University Normal School in 1883. We extend to Prof.
Moses a most cordial and hearty welcome to our city, and hope
s<ion to give further introduction to him and his work.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 475
ABOUT OUR TESCHERS.
Mr. John W. Briggs is teaching on Bald creek, Yancey county.
Miss Anna Estes is teaching near Collettsville, Caldwell county.
Mrs. E. D. Hundly has a private school at Greensboi'O, Guilford county.
Miss Casia Bishop has a flourishing school at Flj-nt Hill, Buncombe county.
Miss M. F. Skinner's school at Edenton has been merged into the graded
school.
Miss Ella Healan is teaching at Beaver creek, Wilkes county, and is giving
great satisfaction.
• Miss Nolia Benson is in charge of the music department of Stewart's Acad-
emy, Harnett county.
Prof. N. E. Smith, of Leaksville, has entered the field of iournalism as editor
of the Ban Valley Echo.
Mr. J. C. Hines, Principal, reports that his school at Madra, Anson county, is
in a flourishing condition.
Mr. E. Y. Perry has been re-elected as Principal of Hookerton Collegiate
Institute for the next term.
Prof. D. Matt. Thompson notifies the Teacher that the Lincoln County Insti-
tute will be held in August.
Rev. B. L. Be all and Mr. H. W. Beall have begun a school at Mt. Bethel,
near Riverside, Caldwell county.
Prof. J. D. Gunter has been chosen Principal of Liberty Academy, Randolph
county, and opened school May 6.
Miss Florence L. Autrim will assume control of the art department in Gas-
ton High School, Dallas, on July 28.
Mr. John. T. Paris, who has been teaching at Bethany Church, near States-
ville, will enter college next session.
Capt. Nat. P. Rankin, of Franklin, Macon county, will open a school in the
Union neighborhood, Gastou county.
Prof. W. G. Simmons, L.L. D., of Wake Forest College, has been appointed a
member of the State Board of Health.
Prof. R. S. Poavell is teaching at RuflRu, Rockingham county, and reports a
fine educational feeling in that vicinity.
Rev. Sylvester Hassell, of Wilson Collegiate Institute, is preparing a church
bistorj', which will go to press in October next.
Mr DeWitt Harmon, who has been teaching at Nazareth Hall, Pa., has
returned to his home at Kernersville, Forsyth county.
Prof. J. W. Kilgo, Principal of the Morven High School, Anson county, has
been, we regret to learn, seriously ill from pneumonia.
Miss Fannie Cobb, a daughter of Rev. N. B. Cobb, has been engaged as a
teacher in Claremont College at Hickory for the next term.
Mr. L. M. Climer, the present teacher of penmanship in Pleasant Lodge
Academy, Alamance county, thinks of changing his position.
476 THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER,
Miss Minnie Holmes, one of the teachers of the Rocky Mount Graded School,
was married April 29, to Mr. Wm. L. Thorpe, of Nash county.
Miss Florence Boyd, Assistant Principal of Stewart's Academy, Harnett
county, has, we regret to learn, been quite sick with diphtheria.
Capt. A. C. Davis has commenced work on his new school building at LaGrange.
It is to be 40x40 feet, three stories high. Success to you, Captain.
Prof. Price Thomas, Superintendent of the New Bern Graded School, paid us
a pleasant visit on the 2d of May. He is a live teather and has a live school.
Mr. N. D. Johnson has a flourishing school at Spring Hill, Anson county. It
will close May 28, with an addi'ess by Rev. H. G. Hill, D. D., of Fayetteville.
Prof. T. J. Mitchell, Superintendent of the Charlotte Graded School, will
conduct the Teachers' Institute for Iredell county, at Statesville, this summer.
Miss Mattie C. Steck, of Newberry, S. C, has been engaged to take charge
of the primary department of Gaston High School, at Dallas, for the next term.
Mrs. White, wife of Rev. Jno. M. White, Principal of Holly Springs Institute,
Wake county, we are pained to hear, is extremely ill, with little hope of recovery.
Prof. Phillips, Principal of Tyro High School, Davidson county, reports an
attendance of more than 40 pupils, with the prospect of a much larger attendance
next session.
Rev. R. a. Morgan, Principal of Stewart's Academy, Harnett county, reports
that his school has tad a most successful term, particularly in the quality and
amount of work done.
Mr. W. T. Whitsitt, who has been teaching for the past nine months near
Fairview Academy, Gibsonville, has closed his school. Although young, he is a
live, progressive teacher.
Rev. Daniel Adkins, President of Weaverville College, Buncombe county, is
making an effort to establish a library for his school, and also a cabinet of min-
erals, fossils and Indian relics.
Miss Ida L. Eltzroth, of Manly, Moore county, formerly' of Ohio, desires a
position as teacher in a graded school. She has had several years experience in
the schools of Ohio, and can furnish satisfactory testimonials.
Miss Sallie Jones, of Cary, Wake county, has gone to Boston to attend a
course at the Conservatory of Music, and will visit the normal schools in that
vicinity, with a view of qualifying herself for service in school work.
Rev. a. D. Hepburn, D. D., President of Davidson College, will retire from
that institution in June, and make his home in Ohio. The friends of education
in North Carolina part with this accomplished instructor and noble. Christian
gentleman with unfeigned regret.
Prof. CH.^.RLES Phillips, of our University, informs us, as we go to press,
that there are 240 applicants for the seven new professorships — 77 for Mathemat-
ics ; 69 for Modern Languages ; 32 for Agricultural Chemistry ; 26 for Natural
Science ; 19 for Pedagogics, and IS for Physics and Engineering.
Prof. L. E. Duncan, the thoroughh' elRcient Principal of the Southern Nor-
mal at Lexington, Davidson county, is anxious to identify himself with the edu-
cational interests of the State, by engaging in Institute work this summer. Super-
intendents desiring a strictly first-class instructor, can address him at Lexington.
THE NORTH CAROLINA TEACHER. 477
TEACHERS' BUREIU.
[JS^'The North Carolina Teacher will recommend all applicants mentioned in this
department, and letters answering any announcement may be addressed care of The
Teacher and they will be promptly forwarded. We desire to aid every teacher in secur-
ing a good situation, and no charge is made for tlie insertion of notices in this depart-
ment.]
POSITIONS WANTED.
54. A young lady desires a small school or a position in a school. Can teach
English branches, vocal and instrumental music, and rudiments of Latin. Would
accept a position as governess. Can furnish good and satisfactory references.
55. A lady graduate, who has had three years successful experience in teach-
ing the English branches and Latin, desires a situation in a school.
.56. A lady from Ohio, who had several years experience in the schools of that
State, desires a position as teacher in a graded school for the coming school year.
Can furnish testimonials.
57. A lady wishes a situation as music teacher in college, high school or acad-
emy; has had two years experience in teaching Music and Eoglish branches ;
can teach Algebra and Latin; can give sufficient recommendation. Address
"The North Carolina Teacher," Raleigh, N. C.
An}' school officer needing a teacher, and any teacher desiring a position,
should address " Teachers' Bureau," care of Teachers' Assembly, Black Moun-
tain, N. C, and the application will have prompt attention.
TEACHERS WANTED.
20. A good teacher is needed at Frieden's Academy, near Gibsonville, N. C.
21. The trustees of the Academy at Sandy Ridge, Stokes county, desire to
engage a first-cjjass Principal for their school. This is a very desirable position .
Address J. M. Martin, Sandy Ridge, N. C.
SHAFFER'S
New Township Map of North Carolina.
First issue June 10th to 15th, 1886.
SIZE, 40X72, INCHES. SCALE, 1 INCH 7 MILES.
Co£lit to li8 ii Eiery Sclmiil-rooiii aiifl Biisiiess Olce of tie State.
ENGRAVED IN FIRST-CLASS STYLE AND PRINTED ON SIZED AND CALEN-
DERED PAPER, WEIGHING 90 POUNDS TO THE REAM OF 24 x 38
PAPER. TOWNSHIPS COLORED AND BOUNDARIES LINED
IN NORTH CAROLINA. COUNTIES ONLY OUT-
LINED IN ADJOINING STATES.
Richmond, Va., is shown on the north, and Cokimbia, S. C,
on the south. Tiie lower left haiul corner contains an elevation
of the principal towns and nionutain peaks of the State, from
tide-water to the crest of Mitchell's high peak, on a scale of
1,200 feet to the inch.
State and County boundaries have been corrected !;)v the latest
surveys. Railways and county roads carefully revised, and town-
shij>s shown in distinctive colors. There is no post-otfice in the
State of any importance whatever that is not shown.
It is guaranteed in every respect to be the iinest map of any
Southern State ever published.
PRICE OF WALL MAP, WITH,HANGERS AND ROLLERS COMPLETE, $10.00
IN CABINET CASE, ON HARTSHORNS SPRING ROLLER, - - 15.00
Will be sent C. O. D. to any bona fide order, with leave to
examine and return, money to be refunded t)y Express Agent if
not satisfactory.
ACTIVE AND RESPONSIBLE CANVASSERS WANTED.
TEACHERS PREFERRED.
ALFRED WILLIAMS & CO.,
Hoohsellet's and Statiouevs,
119 Fayetteville Street, - - - RALEIGH, X. C.
M^jrth Carolina State Library
1
AFR 77
^^5^^ N. MANCHESTER,
i_2^ INDIANA
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11